Toxicologic agents of concern for search-and-rescue dogs responding to urban disasters     

Murphy LA  Gwaltney-Brant SM  Albretsen JC  Wismer TA 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,222(3):296-304

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Poor reproductive performance in pigs     

Gibbens JC  Twomey DF  Cook AJ  Byrne CA  Thomson JR  Kennedy S 《The Veterinary record》2003,152(20):634

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Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in Merino sheep     

Cook RW  Jolly RD  Palmer DN  Tammen I  Broom MF  McKinnon R 《Australian veterinary journal》2002,80(5):292-297

OBJECTIVE: To characterise neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) in Merino sheep. DESIGN: A prospective clinical, pathological, biochemical and genetic study. PROCEDURE: NCL cases were studied from a medium-wool Merino flock, the stud of origin of its replacement rams, and an experimental flock established at the University of Sydney. RESULTS: Behavioural changes and visual impairment were first detected at 7 to 12 months of age and progressed, with associated motor disturbances and at later stages seizures, to premature death by 27 months of age. At necropsy there was severe cerebrocortical atrophy associated with neuronal loss, astrocytosis and the presence in neurons of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic storage bodies with the characteristics of a lipopigment. In the retina there was progressive loss of photoreceptor cells. Storage bodies isolated from fresh brain, liver and pancreas formed electron-dense aggregates and coarse multilamellar and fine fingerprint profiles ultrastructurally, and consisted mainly of the hydrophobic protein, subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase. A homozygosity mapping approach localised the gene causing the disease in Merino sheep to the chromosomal region (OAR7q13-15) associated with NCL in South Hampshire sheep. CONCLUSION: NCL in Merino sheep is a subunit c-storing disease, clinically and pathologically similar to NCL in South Hampshire sheep. We propose that the disease in both breeds represents mutation at the same gene locus in chromosomal region OAR7q13-15.  相似文献   

Studies of PMWS and Salmonella infection in UK pigs     

Cook AJ 《The Veterinary record》2002,151(21):643-644

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Effects of human recombinant interleukin-1beta on canine articular chondrocytes in three-dimensional culture   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cook JL  Anderson CC  Kreeger JM  Tomlinson JL 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(7):766-770

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of interleukin (IL)-1beta on matrix synthesis and degradation by chondrocytes cultured in a 3-dimensional (3-D) gel medium. SAMPLE POPULATION: Chondrocytes from 7 dogs. PROCEDURE: Articular chondrocytes were harvested and cultured in 3-D gel medium alone or with 10 or 20 ng IL-1beta/ml that was added beginning on day 0, 3, 6, or 9. On days 3, 6, 12, and 20 of 3-D culture, samples of the liquid medium were evaluated for glycosaminoglycan (GAG), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-3 content. The 3-D plug in each well was evaluated for histologic characteristics of viability, cell morphology, and proteoglycan staining, immunohistochemically stained for collagen type II, and spectrophotometrically analyzed for GAG content. RESULTS: Significant differences for all variables were detected between controls and each IL-1beta group, among groups with different IL-1beta concentrations, and among groups with IL-1beta added at various time points. Chondrocytes exposed to IL-1beta had loss of GAG, increased PGE2 and MMP-3 concentrations, and lack of collagen type-II synthesis. These IL-1beta effects appeared to be time and concentration dependent. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of IL-1beta to chondrocytes in 3-D gel medium results in time- and concentration-dependent effects on matrix synthesis and degradation and provides an appropriate in vitro model for many of the pathophysiologic events associated with osteoarthritis.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection following an abortion outbreak in a dairy cattle herd     

Atkinson RA  Cook RW  Reddacliff LA  Rothwell J  Broady KW  Harper P  Ellis JT 《Australian veterinary journal》2000,78(4):262-266

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in a commercial dairy cattle herd, 15 months after detection of an abortion outbreak. PROCEDURE: Sera from the whole herd (n = 266) were examined for N caninum antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and immunoblot analysis. Herd records were reviewed to collate serological results with abortion history, proximity to calving, and pedigree data. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of N caninum infection was 24% (63/266) for IFAT titre > or = 160, 29% (78/266) for immunoblot positive (+ve), and 31% (82/266) for IFAT > or = 160 and/or immunoblot +ve; 94% (59/63) of animals with IFAT > or = 160 were immunoblot +ve. The association between seropositivity (IFAT > or = 160 and/or immunoblot +ve) and history of abortion was highly significant (P < 0.001); the seroprevalence was 86% (18/21) in aborting cows, compared with 30% (50/164) in non-aborting animals. The abortion rate for seropositive cows was 26% (18/68) compared with 3% (3/117) for seronegative animals. IFAT titres of infected cows were higher within 2 months of calving than at other times (P < 0.001). The association between seropositivity in dams and daughters was highly significant (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The abortions were associated with N caninum infection and there was evidence of reactivation of latent infection close to calving and congenital transmission of infection. Immunodominant antigens identified by immunoblots may prove useful for improved diagnostic tests.  相似文献   

Feeding value of an enzymatically digested protein for early-weaned pigs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lindemann MD  Cromwell GL  Monegue HJ  Cook H  Soltwedel KT  Thomas S  Easter RA 《Journal of animal science》2000,78(2):318-327

Weanling pigs were used in a series of studies to determine the feeding value of an enzymatically digested protein product developed from a blend of swine and poultry abattoir by-products. The initial study used 156 pigs weaned at approximately 22 d of age to compare the product with menhaden fish meal in Phase II diets. The product supported equal growth rate, and there was no preference for diet exhibited based on inclusion level of the enzymatically digested protein product. The second study used 100 pigs weaned at approximately 21 d of age to compare the product with spray-dried animal blood cells in Phase II diets. The product supported a growth rate equal to that with the blood cells, and the combination of products enhanced growth rate (P<.05). The third study used 265 pigs to compare the product with spray-dried porcine plasma in a slope ratio growth assay. Results demonstrated a relative feeding value of 91% for the product over a 4-wk feeding period. The fourth study used 290 pigs to compare the product with spray-dried porcine plasma in Phase II diets; results demonstrated comparable growth performance. The final study used 180 pigs to compare the product with spray-dried porcine plasma in Phase I diets; results demonstrated comparable growth performance. These data indicate that the enzymatically digested abattoir by-product is a high-quality protein source for weanling pigs.  相似文献   

Retrospective study of the relationships between age, inflammation and the isolation of bacteria from the lower respiratory tract of thoroughbred horses     

Chapman PS  Green C  Main JP  Taylor PM  Cunningham FM  Cook AJ  Marr CM 《The Veterinary record》2000,146(4):91-95

A total of 1235 tracheal aspirates taken from 724 thoroughbreds in race training, aged from two to 10 years, were examined cytologically and bacteriologically. An inflammation scoring system on a scale of 0 to 9 was devised to allow the severity of lower airway disease to be assessed from the cytological results. The inflammation scores were closely related to the isolation of bacteria (P<0.001), and the most common bacterial isolates were Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pasteurella/Actinobacillus-like species. Lower airway disease was less common in older horses (P = 0.031), and the groups at highest risk were the two- and four-year-olds. Lower airway inflammation was more common in the four-year-olds at National Hunt yards than in the four-year-olds at flat racing yards (P = 0.040, odds ratio = 3.80).  相似文献   

Effectiveness of capillary electrophoresis fluoroimmunoassay of blood PrpSc for evaluation of scrapie pathogenesis in sheep.     

David J Everest  Susan Waterhouse  Tina Kelly  Elena Velo-Rego  Maurice J Sauer 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(5):552-557

Management of prion diseases in livestock would benefit greatly from availability of a validated blood test. A promising immunocapillary electrophoresis technique (also known as capillary electrophoresis fluoroimmunoassay) to detect abnormal prion protein in blood from live sheep is evaluated here. Capillary electrophoresis fluoroimmunoassay was applied to analysis of extracted blood from scrapie-exposed sheep (n = 87; 347 samples) at various stages of incubation, and to control sheep (n = 194; 489 samples). Overall, test values for the control and test populations were not significantly different, and a similar proportion of control (7%) and test (10%) sheep were classified as positive. Over 2-3 month intervals from birth until clinical disease, test specificity and sensitivity ranged from 66.7% to 100% and 0% to 66.7%, respectively, indicating poor diagnostic performance at all stages of pathogenesis. In routine application, in its present form, the capillary electrophoresis fluoroimmunoassay procedure proved to be insufficiently robust for use as a blood test for scrapie diagnosis.  相似文献   

Recruitment of burbot (Lota lota L.) in Lake Erie: an empirical modelling approach     

M. A. Stapanian  L. D. Witzel  A. Cook 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2010,19(3):326-337

Stapanian MA, Witzel LD, Cook A. Recruitment of burbot (Lota lota L.) in Lake Erie: an empirical modelling approach.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 326–337. Published 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA Abstract – World‐wide, many burbot Lota lota (L.) populations have been extirpated or are otherwise in need of conservation measures. By contrast, burbot made a dramatic recovery in Lake Erie during 1993–2001 but declined during 2002–2007, due in part to a sharp decrease in recruitment. We used Akaike’s Information Criterion to evaluate 129 linear regression models that included all combinations of one to seven ecological indices as predictors of burbot recruitment. Two models were substantially supported by the data: (i) the number of days in which water temperatures were within optimal ranges for burbot spawning and development combined with biomass of yearling and older (YAO) yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill); and (ii) biomass of YAO yellow perch. Warmer winter water temperatures and increases in yellow perch biomass were associated with decreases in burbot recruitment. Continued warm winter water temperatures could result in declines in burbot recruitment, particularly in the southern part of the species’ range.  相似文献