Molecular loops in the galactic center: evidence for magnetic flotation     

Fukui Y  Yamamoto H  Fujishita M  Kudo N  Torii K  Nozawa S  Takahashi K  Matsumoto R  Machida M  Kawamura A  Yonekura Y  Mizuno N  Onishi T  Mizuno A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5796):106-109

The central few hundred parsecs of the Milky Way host a massive black hole and exhibit very violent gas motion and high temperatures in molecular gas. The origin of these properties has been a mystery for the past four decades. Wide-field imaging of the (12)CO (rotational quantum number J = 1 to 0) 2.6-millimeter spectrum has revealed huge loops of dense molecular gas with strong velocity dispersions in the galactic center. We present a magnetic flotation model to explain that the formation of the loops is due to magnetic buoyancy caused by the Parker instability. The model has the potential to offer a coherent explanation for the origin of the violent motion and extensive heating of the molecular gas in the galactic center.  相似文献   

Changes in elemental composition, molecular weight and ¹H NMR spectra of the water-extractable hydrophobic acid fraction in Cambisol with season and soil depth     

Daichi ASAKAWA  Hidemasa MOCHIZUKI  Yukiko YANAGI  Takeshi SUZUKI  Seiya NAGAO  Nobuhide FUJITAKE 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2006,52(3):361-370

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Autolysis of lentinan, an antitumor polysaccharide, during storage of Lentinus edodes, shiitake mushroom     

Minato K  Mizuno M  Terai H  Tsuchida H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(4):1530-1532

The lentinan contents in the Lentinus edodes fruit body during storage were examined by ELISA method using anti-lentinan antibodies. The lentinan content (12.8 mg.g(-)(1) dw) before storage decreased to 3.7 mg.g(-)(1) dw over 7 days at 20 degrees C. However, it only slightly decreased at 1 degrees C and only decreased to 9.3 mg. g(-)(1) dw at 5 degrees C. Glucanase activity, which seems to be associated with lentinan degradation, increased more during storage of L. edodes at 20 degrees C than it did at lower temperatures. In addition, only glucose was detected as a degraded product from lentinan by the glucanase. This suggested that this enzyme would fit the profile of an exo-type glucanase. Also, polyphenol oxidase activity, known as an index of freshness reduction in the mushroom, increased approximately 2.7-fold (to 61.5 units.mg(-)(1)) over 7 days during storage at 20 degrees C. However, its activity changed little during storage at lower temperatures. These results indicate that the reduction during storage of the quality of L. edodes as a functional food is accompanied by the decrease of lentinan, and by browning, and that exo-glucanase plays an important role in the decrease of lentinan content.  相似文献   

Analyses of free amino acid and taste sensor traits in egg albumen and yolk revealed potential of value-added eggs in chickens     

Tatsuhiko Goto  Saki Shimamoto  Akira Ohtsuka  Daichi Ijiri 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13510

To create high-quality eggs by using different breed and feed materials, we investigated free amino acid contents and taste sensor traits using two chicken breeds (Rhode Island Red; RIR and Australorp; AUS) fed two feeds (mixed and fermented feeds). Two-way ANOVA revealed significant breed and feed main and interaction effects on albumen bitterness and a significant interaction effect on yolk bitterness. Albumen from RIR fed mixed feed and AUS fed fermented feed was higher bitterness, whereas yolk from those groups was lower bitterness. Significant breed effects were detected in four albumen amino acid traits (His, Met, Ile, and Lys) and a yolk His, whereas significant feed effects were found in 15 albumen amino acid traits (Asp, Glu, Ser, His, Gly, Thr, Ala, Tyr, Val, Met, Trp, Ile, Leu, Lys, and Pro) and a yolk cystine trait. Compared to albumen amino acids, yolk amino acids had limited effects by breed and feed. The present results suggest that genetic and nutritional factors can alter not only amino acid contents but also sensor values of bitterness, indicating that selecting the combination of breed and feed enable us to make amino acids enriched and taste added designer eggs in future.  相似文献   

Effects of delaying post‐hatch feeding on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression in the pectoralis major muscle of newly hatched chicks     

Rukana Kohrogi  Saki Shimamoto  Kazuki Nakashima  Daichi Sonoda  Akira Ohtsuka  Daichi Ijiri 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

Excessive lipid peroxidation negatively affects the physiological response and meat quality of chickens. Delaying post‐hatch feeding was previously found to increase lipid peroxidation in the skeletal muscle of finishing broiler chickens. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of delayed post‐hatch feeding on lipid peroxidation and the mRNA expressions of antioxidant enzymes in the pectoralis major muscle of broiler chicks during the post‐hatching period. Newly hatched chicks either had immediate free access to feed (freely‐fed chicks) or had no access to feed from 0 to 2 days old (delayed‐fed chicks), after which both groups were fed ad libitum until 4 or 13 days old. The lipid peroxidation level was higher in the delayed‐fed than freely‐fed chicks at 2, 4, and 13 days old. At 2 days old, the mRNA expressions of Cu/Zn‐SOD, Mn‐SOD, and GPX7 were lower in the delayed‐fed than freely‐fed chicks, while catalase mRNA levels did not differ. Furthermore, at 4 and 13 days old, lower mRNA expressions of Cu/Zn‐SOD and Mn‐SOD were observed in the delayed‐fed than freely‐fed chicks. These results suggest that delaying post‐hatch feeding reduces the mRNA levels of Cu/Zn‐SOD and Mn‐SOD, consequently affecting muscle lipid peroxidation in chicks during subsequent growth.  相似文献   

Efficient epoxidation of olefins with >/=99% selectivity and use of hydrogen peroxide     

Kamata K  Yonehara K  Sumida Y  Yamaguchi K  Hikichi S  Mizuno N 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5621):964-966

Epoxides are an important class of industrial chemicals that have been used as chemical intermediates. Catalytic epoxidation of olefins affords an interesting production technology. We found a widely usable green route to the production of epoxides: A silicotungstate compound, [gamma-SiW10O34(H2O)2]4-, is synthesized by protonation of a divacant, lacunary, Keggin-type polyoxometalate of [gamma-SiW10O36]8- and exhibits high catalytic performance for the epoxidation of various olefins, including propylene, with a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidant at 305 kelvin. The effectiveness of this catalyst is evidenced by >/=99% selectivity to epoxide, >/=99% efficiency of H2O2 utilization, high stereospecificity, and easy recovery of the catalyst from the homogeneous reaction mixture.  相似文献   

Daily age and food habits of Lateolabrax latus larvae and juveniles occurring in the innermost shallow waters of Uwajima Bay, Japan     

Yasuhiro Yube  Tomoaki Iseki  Manabu Hibino  Kouki Mizuno  Kouji Nakayama  Masaru Tanaka 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(6):1236-1249

ABSTRACT:   Daily age and food habits of Lateolabrax latus larvae and juveniles were investigated at two different habitats in Uwajima Bay, western Shikoku, Japan. In the shallow zone at Miura, which contained eelgrass beds, larvae occurred from January and were collected abundantly in March. The size, age, and hatch-date distributions suggested that late-hatched specimens stay longer than early-hatched specimens at this station. On the contrary, in the intertidal flats of the Kunomura River mouth larvae were rarely collected, but juveniles were collected in relative abundance from April. The distributions in the intertidal flats station suggested that specimens had migrated from another location and then resided in the intertidal flats. Spatial and temporal trophic variations increased remarkably with metamorphosis, and thus, the spatial differences in growth rate were considered in relation to the trophic diversity of prey items. Our results suggest that the nursery environment, nursery utilization pattern, and food habits of early life stages of L. latus show remarkable flexibility. From the similarity of these ecological aspects with L. japonicus , which is a closely related species, we suggest the important role of the interspecific competition to the realized niche difference between Lateolabrax congeners.  相似文献   

Identification of tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis) from natural habitat‐derived fecal samples by PCR‐RFLP analysis of cytochrome b gene     

Shinya ISHIHARA  Rommel J. HERRELA  Daichi IJIRI  Hisashi MATSUBAYASHI  Miho HIRABAYASHI  Arnel N. DEL BARRIO  Rodel M. BOYLES  Medardo M. EDUARTE  Ronilo L. SALAC  Libertado C. CRUZ  Yukio KANAI 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(6):635-641

Fecal DNA analysis is a useful tool for the investigation of endangered species. Tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis) is endemic to the Philippine island of Mindoro but knowledge of its genetic and ecological information is limited. In this study, we developed a species identification method for tamaraw by fecal DNA analysis. Eighteen feces presumed to be from tamaraw were collected in Mount Iglit‐Baco National Park and species‐known feces from domestic buffaloes and cattle were obtained from a farm. Additionally, one species‐unknown fecal sample was obtained in Mount Aruyan Preserve, where the sighting of tamaraw has not been reported in recent years. Based on DNA sequence data previously reported, the genus Bubalus‐ and tamaraw‐specific primers for PCR of cytochrome b gene were newly designed. The Bubalus‐specific primer yielded a 976 bp fragment of cytochrome b for all fecal samples from tamaraw and domestic buffaloes, but not for cattle, whereas the tamaraw‐specific primer yielded a 582 bp fragment for all tamaraw fecal samples and for one of the four domestic buffalo samples. PCR‐RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis of the 976 bp PCR fragment with AvrII or BsaXI provided distinct differences between tamaraw and domestic buffalo. PCR‐RFLP analysis also showed that the species‐unknown sample obtained in Mount Aruyan Preserve, originates from tamaraw.  相似文献   

Open Heart Surgery with Deep Hypothermia and Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Small and Toy Dogs     

Isamu Kanemoto DVM  PhD  Daisuke Taguchi DVM  Satoko Yokoyama DVM  Masashi Mizuno DVM  Hiromi Suzuki DVM  Tougaku Kanamoto DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(6):674-679

Objective: To evaluate open heart surgery with deep surface‐induced hypothermia (sHT) and low‐flow cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in small and toy‐breed dogs. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Small breed dogs (n=8) weighing <5.5 kg with naturally occurring cardiac disease. Methods: Deep sHT under isoflurane anesthesia and low‐flow rate CPB with a small‐volume prime circuit were used. Ventricular septal defect was closed directly in 2 dogs and severe mitral regurgitation was corrected with mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) in 5 dogs and mitral valve replacement in 1 dog. Results: All dogs survived surgery; 1 dog died 6 days and 1 died 2 months after MVP. The other 6 dogs lived (mean follow‐up, 32.8 months; range, 12–65 months). Mean body weight at surgery was 3.6 kg (range, 2–5.3 kg). Mean lowest esophageal temperature was 21.4°C (range, 19.8–23.8°C). Mean lowest pump flow volume was 29.2 mL/kg/min (range, 9.4–57.7 mL/kg/min) during aortic cross‐clamping (mean, 53.5 minutes; range, 25–79 minutes). Mean hematocrit before CPB was 38.6% (range, 33–47%) and 20.3% (range, 13–24%) during CPB with a small circuit priming volume of 225–260 mL. Conclusion: Deep sHT with low‐flow rate CPB may be used for open heart surgery in small dogs weighing <5.5 kg. Clinical Relevance: Open heart surgery for selected congenital defects and acquired defects in small and toy‐breed dogs may be successfully performed using deep sHT and CPB.  相似文献   

mRNA-Seq Reveals a Comprehensive Transcriptome Profile of Rice under Phosphate Stress     

Youko Oono  Yoshihiro Kawahara  Hiroyuki Kanamori  Hiroshi Mizuno  Harumi Yamagata  Mayu Yamamoto  Satomi Hosokawa  Hiroshi Ikawa  Ikuko Akahane  Zuofeng Zhu  Jianzhong Wu  Takeshi Itoh  Takashi Matsumoto 《Rice》2011,4(2):50-65

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