Removal of Copper and Cadmium Ions from Diluted Aqueous Solutions by Low Cost and Waste Material Adsorbents   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ulmanu  Mihaela  Marañón  Elena  Fernández  Yolanda  Castrillón  Leonor  Anger  Ildiko  Dumitriu  Daniela 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,142(1-4):357-373

The sorption of copper and cadmium ions using activated carbon,kaolin, bentonite, diatomite and waste materials such as compost,cellulose pulp waste and anaerobic sludge as sorbents is reported. Equilibrium isotherms were obtained for the adsorption of these metals in single and binary solutions. Bentonite presented the highest adsorption capacities for both copper and cadmium. A competitive uptake was observed when both metals are present; copper being preferentially adsorbed by all materials with theexception of anaerobic sludge. Equilibrium data were fitted toLangmuir and Freundlich models, with satisfactory results for most of the adsorbent-metal systems studied.Of all the adsorbents studied, bentonite and compost presentedthe highest removal efficiencies, reaching 99% for copper whencadmium is also present, for initial solution concentrations ofup to 100 mg L^-1. Anaerobic sludge has a greater preferencefor cadmium, even in the presence of copper, with removal efficiencies of 98% for similar concentrations to those mentioned above.  相似文献   

Fresh Israeli Jaffa blond (Shamouti) orange and Israeli Jaffa red Star Ruby (Sunrise) grapefruit juices affect plasma lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity in rats fed added cholesterol   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gorinstein S  Leontowicz H  Leontowicz M  Krzeminski R  Gralak M  Martin-Belloso O  Delgado-Licon E  Haruenkit R  Katrich E  Park YS  Jung ST  Trakhtenberg S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(15):4853-4859

The bioactivity of Israeli Jaffa blond (Shamouti) fresh orange and Israeli Jaffa red Star Ruby (Sunrise) grapefruit juices was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The contents of bioactive compounds of these juices were determined. The influence of bioactive compounds on plasma lipids and plasma antioxidant activity in rats fed cholesterol-containing and cholesterol-free diets was assessed. Significant differences in the contents of dietary fibers were not found. The contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins in fresh orange and grapefruit juices were 962.1 +/- 27.2 and 906.9 +/- 27.1; 50.1 +/- 3.3 and 44.8 +/- 3.2; and 69.9 +/- 5.6 and 68.7 +/- 5.5 microg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant potential measured by the scavenging activity against nitric oxide, the beta-carotene-linoleate model system (beta-carotene), and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diamonium salt assays was higher in orange juice but not significantly. A high level of correlation between contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids and antioxidant potential values of both juices was found. Diets supplemented with orange and to a lesser degree with grapefruit juices improved plasma lipid metabolism only in rats fed added cholesterol. However, an increase in the plasma antioxidant activity was observed in both groups. In conclusion, fresh orange and grapefruit juices contain high quantities of bioactive compounds, which guarantee their high antioxidant potential, and the positive influence on plasma lipid metabolism and plasma antioxidant activity could make fresh orange and grapefruit juices a valuable supplement for disease-preventing diets.  相似文献   

At-sea distribution of waved albatrosses and the Galápagos Marine Reserve     

David J. Anderson  Kathryn P. Huyvaert  Dana R. Wood  Cynthia L. Gillikin  Barrie J. Frost  Henrik Mouritsen   《Biological conservation》2003,110(3):165-373

Albatross populations worldwide are threatened by incidental takes in longline fishery operations. The recent establishment of the Galápagos Marine Reserve (GMR) is relevant to the longline bycatch issue, as it prohibits industrial longlining in the vicinity of the major nesting site of waved albatrosses (Phoebastria irrorata). However, the legality of the fishing protections is being challenged, highlighting a need for data on use of the GMR by albatrosses. We used satellite tracking over a total of four breeding seasons to determine the distribution of waved albatrosses inside and outside the GMR, and thereby assess the degree of protection that GMR provisions offer to this species. During the incubation period, breeding adults made commuting trips from the nesting island (Isla Española) to the Peruvian upwelling zone, traveling north, east, and south after leaving the nest. During the brooding period, the distribution contracted markedly, and most satellite fixes were within the GMR. During the rearing period, breeders performed both long trips outside the GMR and short trips within. The southeastern portion of the GMR is used throughout the incubation, brooding, and early rearing periods by breeding waved albatrosses. Indirect information from non-breeding adults indicates that they are likely to use the waters of the GMR extensively.  相似文献   

Invasive slug pests and their parasites—temperature responses and potential implications of climate change     

Michael J. Wilson  Alison J. Digweed  Jennifer Brown  Elena S. Ivanonva  Simona H. Hapca 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2015,51(6):739-748

  相似文献   

生防因子螺旋毛壳ND35的细胞壁降解酶与重寄生作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高克祥  刘晓光  Dana Friesem  Leonid Chernin  时呈奎 《林业科学》2005,41(1):205-210

1　IntroductionSomespeciesofthesaprophyticascomycetegeneraChaetomiumKunzeexFr .arepotentialantagonistsofseveralplantpathogenicfungi ,forexampleRhizoctoniasolaniandPythiumultimumwhichcauseseedlingdamping -offandVenturiainaequaliswhichcausestheapplescabChae…  相似文献   

COLOR DOPPLER AND DOPPLER SPECTRAL ANALYSIS IN THE SPINAL CORD OF NORMAL DOGS     

Judith A.  Hudson  DVM  PhD  Susan T.  Finn-Bodner  DVM  MS  Joan R.  Coates  DVM  Donald C.  Sorjonen  DVM  MS  Stephen T.  Simpson  DVM  MS  James C.  Wright  DVM  PhD  Jan E.  Steiss  DVM  PhD  Nancy R.  Cox  DVM  PhD  Dana M.  Vaughn  DVM  PhD  Starr C.  Miller  BS  Scott A.  Brown  DVM  PhD  Phillip D.  Garrett  DVM  MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1995,36(6):542-547

Doppler ultrasonography of the spinal cord was performed in 34 normal, anesthetized dogs following hemilaminectomy. This study was part of an investigation to evaluate the efficacy of a 21-aminosteroid compound and high dose methylprednisolone for the treatment of spinal cord trauma. Grey-scale images of the canine spinal cord were similar to those described for the spinal cord of people. Doppler waveforms of intraparenchymal spinal arteries exhibited high end diastolic blood flow velocities, indicating low resistance to flow. Doppler values (mean ± SD) for arteries immediately ventrolateral to the central canal were: Peak Systolic Velocity = 5.78 ± 2.5 cm/sec, Minimum Diastolic Velocity = 3.5 ± 1.62 cm/sec, Mean Velocity = 4.45 ± 1.96 cm/sec, Minimum Diastolic Velocity = 3.5 ± 1.62 cm/sec, Mean Velocity = 4.45 ± 1.96 cm/sec, Systolic/Diastolic ratio = 169 ± 0.19, Pulsatility Index = 0.53 ± 0.09, and Resistance Index = 0.4 ± 0.06.  相似文献   

Assessment of Ovarian Development and Its Relation to Mating in Wild and Pond-Reared Litopenaeus vannamei Shrimp in a Commercial Hatchery     

Elena  Palaclos Ilie S.  Racotta Marcial  Villalejo 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2003,34(4):466-477

The present study compares three scales for evaluation of ovary development stage in wild and pond-reared shrimp. An external visual scale was assessed according to color and size of ovaries observed through the exoskeleton in live shrimp by staff of a commercial hatchery. Shrimp were then sacrificed to obtain gonadosomatic index, and gonads were scaled according to their color and size upon dissection. Finally, a portion of ovaries was processed for histological analysis, from which oocyte diameters were obtained, and females were evaluated with another scale based on cytological organization of gonads and on frequency of oocyte sizes. The certainties of the external and internal scales were analyzed, based on differences in gonadosomatic index and oocyte diameter and by comparison with the more accurate scaling obtained by histological analysis. The external scale was, in general, less accurate than the internal scale. Maturation stage in pond-reared shrimp was underestimated or overestimated more frequently than in wild shrimp. The implications for hatchery operation and possible reasons are discussed. Pond-reared shrimp were found to have a non-linear relation between gonad weight and body weight, but this relation was linear for the larger wild shrimp. This reduced the validity of gonadosomatic index in pond-reared shrimp, which were still growing. Thus, oocyte diameter, which was not affected by body weight in growing shrimp, represents a more accurate numeric measure of ovary development. Spermatophores were found attached to the thelycum in females only at the cortical stage of maturation, independent of origin. However, a significant proportion of fully mature, pond-reared shrimp did not have an attached spermatophore, possibly indicating lower mating success or poorer spermatophore adherence in these shrimp.  相似文献   

The biochemical mechanism of action of the dinitroaniline herbicide oryzalin     

Stephen D. Strachan  F.Dana Hess 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1983,20(2):141-150

Dinitroaniline herbicides such as oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N⁴,N⁴-dipropylsulfanilamide) disrupt mitosis in the meristematic cells of seedling plants by inhibiting the formation of microtubules. For further understanding of the biochemical mechanism of action of oryzalin, laboratory analyses with isolated plant tubulin must be employed. Plant tubulin from flagella of the alga Chlamydomonas was isolated and purified. This tubulin was incubated with [¹⁴C]oryzalin, and free oryzalin was separated from oryzalin bound to plant tubulin by miniature DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Scatchard analysis predicts a molar ratio of oryzalin bound to plant tubulin of 1.0 ± 0.1 when oryzalin is incubated with plant tubulin for 30 min at pH 6.9 and 25°C. The association constant for the oryzalin-tubulin complex is 2.08 ± 0.08 × 10⁵M^?1 at 25°C. The thermodynamic values for the formation of the oryzalin-tubulin complex at 25°C are ΔG^o = ?7.25 ± 0.02 kcal mol^?1, ΔH^o = 6.5 ± 0.2 kcal mol^?1, and ΔS^o = 46 ± 2 cal mol^?1 deg^?1 (mean ± standard error). Oryzalin has little or no affinity for intact microtubules, previously denatured plant tubulin, actin, bovine serum albumin, calmodulin, ferredoxin, trypsin, or urease, indicating oryzalin is specific for the biologically active conformation of plant tubulin. Oryzalin binds to plant tubulin to form a complex that may be incapable of polymerizing into microtubules.  相似文献   

Early embryonic administration of xenoestrogens alters vasotocin system and male sexual behavior of the Japanese quail     

Panzica G  Mura E  Pessatti M  Viglietti-Panzica C 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2005,29(2):436-445

The copulatory behavior and the parvocellular vasotocin (VT) system of the nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) are sexually dimorphic in the Japanese quail. Embryonic administration of estradiol benzoate (EB) induces an organizational effect determining the disappearance of such a dimorphism (male shows behavior and cerebral phenotype of the female). The VT parvocellular system can therefore be considered an accurate marker of the sexual differentiation of brain circuits and a very sensitive indicator of the activity of estrogen-like substances on neural circuits. To test this hypothesis we administered diethylstilbestrol (DES), a powerful synthetic xenoestrogen, genistein (GEN), a phytoestrogen produced by soy, and bisphenol A (BPA). After 3 days of incubation, quail eggs were injected with vehicle, EB, DES, GEN or BPA. Administration of BPA caused an early blockage of development and no further analyses were done on the BPA groups. At puberty, the copulatory behavior of EB- or DES-treated male quail was totally abolished, whereas only the highest doses of GEN determined a significant decrease of the behavior. After the tests, the animals were sacrificed and perfused. The fractional area (FA) covered by VT immunoreactivity was analyzed in BST, medial preoptic nucleus, and lateral septum by computerized image analysis. The FA was significantly reduced after treatment with EB, DES and GEN at high doses. These results confirm that the sexually dimorphic VT system of the Japanese quail is a sensible indicator of the effects of xenoestrogens at the level of the central nervous system.  相似文献   

Prevalence and risk factors associated with outcome of surgical removal of pedunculated lipomas in horses: 102 cases (1987-2002)     

Garcia-Seco E  Wilson DA  Kramer J  Keegan KG  Branson KR  Johnson PJ  Tyler JW 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(9):1529-1537

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of pedunculated lipomas and identify risk factors affecting postoperative complications and survival in horses at a veterinary teaching hospital undergoing surgery for colic caused by pedunculated lipomas. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 102 horses with a diagnosis of pedunculated lipoma. PROCEDURE: Age, breed, weight, and sex of horses with pedunculated lipomas were compared with the total equine hospital population and the population of horses admitted for abdominal surgery during the same period. Follow-up information was obtained by reevaluation or contact with owners via telephone or written request. RESULTS: Prevalence of pedunculated lipomas as a reason for abdominal surgery in horses, compared with the population of horses with and without lipomas admitted for abdominal surgery, was 10%. Castrated male Saddlebred and Arabian horses > 14 years old were identified as being at risk for developing pedunculated lipomas. Postoperative complications were detected in 72% of horses with pedunculated lipomas. Variables associated with low survival rates included surgery before 1992, heart rate > 80 beats/min, abnormal color of abdominal fluid, pale mucous membranes, surgery requiring intestinal resection, and inability to attain a mean arterial pressure > or = 100 mm Hg. Horses undergoing surgery from 1992 to 1996, weighing < 409 kg (900 lb), or requiring jejunojejunal anastomosis had a high survival rate. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although many of the variables reflected the health of the horse at the time of surgery, results may help veterinarians recognize risk factors associated with development of pedunculated lipomas and better predict the outcome of horses undergoing surgery for colic caused by pedunculated lipomas.  相似文献