Toward fish and seafood traceability: anchovy species determination in fish products by molecular markers and support through a public domain database     

Jérôme M  Martinsohn JT  Ortega D  Carreau P  Verrez-Bagnis V  Mouchel O 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(10):3460-3469

Traceability in the fish food sector plays an increasingly important role for consumer protection and confidence building. This is reflected by the introduction of legislation and rules covering traceability on national and international levels. Although traceability through labeling is well established and supported by respective regulations, monitoring and enforcement of these rules are still hampered by the lack of efficient diagnostic tools. We describe protocols using a direct sequencing method based on 212-274-bp diagnostic sequences derived from species-specific mitochondria DNA cytochrome b, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences which can efficiently be applied to unambiguously determine even closely related fish species in processed food products labeled "anchovy". Traceability of anchovy-labeled products is supported by the public online database AnchovyID ( http://anchovyid.jrc.ec.europa.eu), which provided data obtained during our study and tools for analytical purposes.  相似文献   

Announcement     

Marie-Line Kuhn  Lilian Gout  Barbara J. Howlett  Delphine Melayah  Michel Meyer  et al. 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1995,101(6):711-711

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Lipid metabolism and cellular features of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue in pigs differing in IGF-II genotype     

Gardan D  Gondret F  Van den Maagdenberg K  Buys N  De Smet S  Louveau I 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2008,34(1):45-53

In pigs, a paternally (pat) imprinted mutation in the IGF-II gene is associated with increased muscle mass and decreased backfat thickness. The aim of this study was to determine whether this mutation influenced cellular, biochemical and metabolic features of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Muscle (trapezius) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) were collected from pigs (106kg) carrying (Qpat, n=6) or not carrying (qpat, n=7) the mutation. Adipocytes were isolated from those tissues by collagenase treatment. Lipid content and activity of lipogenic enzymes were determined using standard assays. Gene expression levels were determined by real-time PCR. Levels of IGF-II mRNA were higher (P<0.01) in muscle of Qpat than in that of qpat pigs, but they did not differ significantly between the two groups in SCAT. Whereas levels of IGF-I mRNA in muscle were similar in both groups, they were higher (P<0.05) in SCAT of Qpat pigs than in that of qpat pigs. Muscle lipid content and intramuscular adipocyte diameters were not influenced significantly by the IGF-II genotype. In SCAT, the reduction of backfat thickness in Qpat pigs compared with qpat pigs was associated with lower (P<0.05) lipid content and smaller (P<0.05) adipocytes, with no significant genotype-effects on expressions and/or activities of lipogenic enzymes. In summary, our results suggest that the IGF-II mutation altered body composition in pigs by favoring myofiber hypertrophy and repressing adipose cell development in SCAT.  相似文献   

Myoclonus and hypersensitivity of the tail following intrathecal administration of morphine and bupivacaine in a cat     

William JM. McFadzean  Delphine Holopherne-Doran 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(2):238-239

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Short distance pollen movement in a wind-pollinated tree, Quercus lobata (Fagaceae)     

Andrea R. Pluess  Victoria L. Sork  Brian Dolan  Frank W. Davis  Delphine Grivet  Kurt Merg  Jeanette Papp  Peter E. Smouse 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

Short distance pollen dispersal shapes the local genetic structure of plant populations and determines the opportunity for genetic drift and local selection. In this paper we focus on short distance dispersal (SDD) of pollen in a low-density stand of a savannah oak, Quercus lobata Née. Specifically, we are interested in the proportional contributions of pollen donors, the pollen dispersal kernel that describes local matings, the extent to which wind influences mating success, and the extent to which pollen sources vary within the large canopy of these trees. Using maximum likelihood paternity analysis, we assigned sires for 474 outcrossed progeny of five seed trees, representing 120 of 160 potential mating pairs within a 250 m radius of each focal tree (ca. 20 ha plots). We first established that the effective number of pollen donors for progeny with sires within the plot was about 10 individuals, with average weighted pollination distances of 114.1 m. We estimated 18.5% pollen immigration into the 20 ha plots. We next established that the SDD portion of the dispersal kernel is best described by the exponential power, inverse power, and Weibull functions, all that capture high local dispersal with steep decay. Two of these models suggest that long distance dispersal is abundant, represented by a fat tail, while the Weibull indicates depauperate long distance dispersal, represented by a thin tail. The addition of a directional component corresponding to the predominant wind axis had no meaningful impact on these models. Finally, we established that different parts of an individual tree canopy of Q. lobata sample from the same homogeneous pollen pool showing no bias towards pollen sources near that part of the canopy. Overall findings suggest low-density Q. lobata populations show steep decay of SDD. Policies and ordinances governing the amount of allowable tree removal of savannah oak populations should recommend the preservation of local clusters of adults, as well as some connectivity among clusters.  相似文献   

Inhibition of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici Germination and Partial Enhancement of Wheat Defenses by Milsana     

Randoux B  Renard D  Nowak E  Sanssené J  Courtois J  Durand R  Reignault P 《Phytopathology》2006,96(11):1278-1286

ABSTRACT The prophylactic efficiency of Milsana against powdery mildew was evaluated on wheat (Triticum aestivum). A single short spraying on 10-day-old plantlets reduced the infection level by 85% and two long sprayings led to the total restriction of the disease. Although microscopic studies showed that Milsana treatments enhance hydrogen peroxide accumulation at the fungal penetration site, biochemical analysis did not allow us to correlate this accumulation with the activation of several enzyme activities involved in active oxygen species (AOS) metabolism. Only lipoxygenase activity, which is involved in both AOS metabolism and lipid peroxidation, showed a 26 to 32% increase 48-h posttreatment in leaves infiltrated with Milsana. This weak effect of Milsana on wheat lipid metabolism was confirmed at the lipid peroxidation level, which surprisingly, was shown to decrease in treated plants. In order to explain the high efficacy of Milsana, the fungistatic effect on conidia germination was also examined. In planta, we showed that a Milsana treatment resulted in a higher proportion of abnormally long appressorial germ tubes, whereas in vitro, it dramatically inhibited fungal conidia germination. The partial activity of Milsana in terms of defense response induction in the wheat/powdery mildew pathosystem and its newly described direct fungistatic activity are discussed.  相似文献   

Isolation and identification of a novel salmon gill poxvirus variant from Atlantic salmon in Eastern Canada     

Francis LeBlanc  Delphine Ditlecadet  Jean‐Ren Arseneau  Royce Steeves  Linda Boston  Pascal Boudreau  Nellie Gagn 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(2):315-318

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Carbon dioxide and gaseous nitrogen emissions from biochar‐amended soils under wastewater irrigated urban vegetable production of Burkina Faso and Ghana     

Delphine Manka'abusi  Dsir J. P. Lompo  Christoph Steiner  Mariko Ingold  Edmund Kyei Akoto-Danso  Steffen Werner  Volker Hring  George Nyarko  Bernd Marschner  Andreas Buerkert 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2020,183(4):500-516

To quantify carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) losses in soils of West African urban and peri‐urban agriculture (UPA) we measured fluxes of CO₂‐C, N₂O‐N, and NH₃‐N from irrigated fields in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and Tamale, Ghana, under different fertilization and (waste‐)water regimes. Compared with the unamended control, application of fertilizers increased average cumulative CO₂‐C emissions during eight cropping cycles in Ouagadougou by 103% and during seven cropping cycles in Tamale by 42%. Calculated total emissions measured across all cropping cycles reached 14 t C ha^?1 in Ouagadougou, accounting for 73% of the C applied as organic fertilizer over a period of two years at this site, and 9 t C ha^?1 in Tamale. Compared with unamended control plots, fertilizer application increased N₂O‐N emissions in Ouagadougou during different cropping cycles, ranging from 37 to 360%, while average NH₃‐N losses increased by 670%. Fertilizer application had no significant effects on N₂O‐N losses in Tamale. While wastewater irrigation did not significantly enhance CO₂‐C emissions in Ouagadougou, average CO₂‐C emissions in Tamale were 71% (1.6 t C ha^?1) higher on wastewater plots compared with those of the control (0.9 t C ha^?1). However, no significant effects of wastewater on N₂O‐N and NH₃‐N emissions were observed at either location. Although biochar did not affect N₂O‐N and NH₃‐N losses, the addition of biochar could contribute to reducing CO₂‐C emissions from urban garden soils. When related to crop production, CO₂‐C emissions were higher on control than on fertilized plots, but this was not the case for absolute CO₂‐C emissions.  相似文献   

Alterins Produced by Oyster-Associated Pseudoalteromonas Are Antibacterial Cyclolipopeptides with LPS-Binding Activity     

Florie Desriac  Abderrafek El Harras  Matthieu Simon  Arnaud Bondon  Benjamin Brillet  Patrick Le Chevalier  Martine Pugnire  Patrice Got  Delphine Destoumieux-Garzn  Yannick Fleury 《Marine drugs》2020,18(12)

Discovery after discovery, host-associated microbiota reveal a growing list of positive effects on host homeostasis by contributing to host nutrition, improving hosts’ immune systems and protecting hosts against pathogens. In that context, a collection of oyster associated bacteria producing antibacterial compounds have been established to evaluate their role in non-host-derived immunity. Here, we described alterins; potent anti-Gram negative compounds produced by Pseudoalteromonas hCg-6 and hCg-42 isolated from different healthy oyster hemolymph. The strains hCg-6 and hCg-42 produce a set of at least seven antibacterial compounds, ranging from 926 to 982 Da structurally characterized as cyclolipopeptides (CLPs). Alterins share the same cationic heptapeptidic cycle connected via an amido bond to different hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails. Their MICs disclosed a potent antibacterial activity directed against Gram-negative bacteria including oyster and human pathogens that may confer a beneficial defense mechanism to the host but also represents an untapped source of new antibiotics. The alterins’ mechanisms of action have been deciphered: after binding to lipopolysaccharides (LPS), alterins provoke a membrane depolarization and permeabilization leading to bacterial lysis. As hCg-6 and hCg-42 produced a set of natural derivatives, the structure/activity relationship linked to the carbon tail is clarified. We showed that the hydrocarbon tail determines the LPS-binding properties of alterins and consequently their antibacterial activities. Its length and saturation seem to play a major role in this interaction.  相似文献   

Valuation of Rice Postharvest Losses in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Mitigation Strategies     

Sali Atanga Ndindeng  Alphonse Candia  Delphine Lamare Mapiemfu  Vohangisoa Rakotomalala  Nahemiah Danbaba  Kurahisha Kulwa  Paul Houssou  Sow Mohammed  Ousman M. Jarju  Salimata S. Coulibaly  Elvis A. Baidoo  Jean Moreira  Koichi Futakuchi 《水稻科学》2021,28(3):212-216

正Data on rice harvest and postharvest loss in Sub-Sahara Africa(SSA) is scanty making it difficult for stakeholders to appreciate the loss and set priority areas for loss reduction along the value chain. To address this problem, a protocol was developed and validated for postharvest loss(PHL) quantification in SSA. Quantitative losses at each segment were determined by field measurements.  相似文献