Effect of enzyme addition to wheat-, barley- and rye-based diets on nutrient digestibility and performance of laying hens   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Lázaro R  García M  Araníbar MJ  Mateos GG 《British poultry science》2003,44(2):256-265

1. Laying hen performance, egg quality, intestinal viscosity and nutrient apparent digestibility were evaluated with respect to the main cereal used in the diet and dosage rate of a fungal beta-glucanase/xylanase enzyme complex. 2. Twelve diets were arranged factorially, with three soluble fibre cereals (SFC); 500 g/kg of wheat or barley or 350 g/kg of rye, and 4 enzyme concentrations (0, 250, 1250 and 2500 mg/kg). An additional control diet based on maize was also included. 3. The use of SFC in the diet instead of maize did not affect egg production or food efficiency, but hens fed on SFC diets exhibited a higher incidence of dirty eggs than hens fed on the maize diet (8-6 vs 4.6%; P<0.01). 4. Laying hens fed on enzyme-supplemented diets produced more eggs (2.1%; P<0.05) and had better food efficiency per dozen eggs (2.5%; P<005) than hens fed on non-supplemented diets. An excess of enzymes in the diet (10 times the recommended dose) did not produce any deleterious effect on laying hen productivity. 5. Enzyme supplementation (ES) reduced intestinal viscosity (P<0.001) and the incidence of dirty eggs (P<0.01). The reduction in viscosity was more pronounced in barley than in wheat or rye diets (P<0.05). 6. Apparent nutrient digestibility in SFC diets was higher with ES, including dry matter (3.1%; P=0.08), fat (4.4%; P<0.001), non-starch polysaccharides (83.3%; P<0.01) and AMEn (2.5%, P<0.01). 7. It is concluded that substitution of maize by SFC is facilitated by ES, especially with respect to egg production, food conversion efficiency and egg shell cleanliness. An excess of enzymes did not produce any deleterious effect on nutrient digestibility or performance of laying hens.  相似文献   

Field efficiency of Brassica napus specific resistance correlates with Leptosphaeria maculans population structure     

Delphine Ansan-Melayah  Thierry Rouxel  Jean Bertrandy  Bruno Letarnec  Edouard Mendes-Pereira  Marie-Hélène Balesdent 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(9):835-841

Field experiments were conducted in Versailles, France, to assess blackleg resistance of Brassica napus cultivars Quinta and Glacier under natural infection conditions. Blackleg disease severity was assessed twice during growth of B. napus. Quinta resistance was highly expressed as only 13% to 18% of the plants exhibited leaf symptoms in December, whereas Glacier and other cultivars displayed more than 80% of infected plants. In June (harvest), 70% (first year) to 41.5% (second year) of Quinta plants were canker-free. In contrast, Glacier was as infected as the susceptible control cultivars, with more than 88% of plants displaying canker. The Leptosphaeria maculans population structure was examined in parallel. Based on soluble protein patterns, 9% of the 299 fungal isolates collected were characterized as Tox⁰ species, and belonged to the NA1 sub-group. All but two of Tox⁰ isolates were isolated from atypical dark necrotic leaf lesions, mainly occurring on Quinta. In contrast, the Tox⁺ isolates were recovered from typical leaf lesions. Following a cotyledon inoculation test on the differential set Westar, Quinta and Glacier, 92 to 95% of Tox⁺ isolates collected on susceptible cultivars were characterized as PG3 isolates, i.e. avirulent on Quinta. The remaining Tox⁺ isolates belong to PG4, i.e. virulent on the three cultivars. No PG2 isolate, i.e. avirulent on both Quinta and Glacier, was identified in the sampling. The present study suggests that specific resistance expressed at the cotyledon level can be efficient under field conditions where the corresponding avirulent races of the pathogen are prevalent.  相似文献   

Direct and Specific Assessment of Colonisation of Wheat Rhizoplane by Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf29A     

Alain Chapon  Morgane Boutin  Delphine Rimé  Laurie Delalande  Anne-Yvonne Guillerm  Alain Sarniguet 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(1):61-70

The efficacy of fluorescent pseudomonads as suppressors of soil-borne diseases is linked to their ability to colonise plant roots. Monitoring the dynamics of biocontrol agents in the rhizosphere should improve the irreliability. We designed a pair of Sequenced Characterised Amplified Region (SCAR) primers specific to Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf29A, based on a specific 700 bp RAPD product selected in a previous work. Primer specificity was tested with DNA samples extracted from rhizospheric soil and rhizoplane of wheat plants grown in two different non-sterile soils. We assessed the total population of Pf29A by PCR and the culturable population by counting a tetracycline-resistant Pf29A transformant producing Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), on selective medium 5 days after inoculation of non-sterile soil. SCAR primers were specific for Pf29A in both soils. We evaluated the limit of detection to 14.2 fg of target DNA, equivalent to 242 Pf29A cells per cm of wheat root. Culturable populations of Pf29A transformant accounted for 13% and 4% of the total populations 5 days after treatment with 10³ and 10⁷ CFU of transformed Pf29A per gram of soil. The SCAR derived sequence is a good candidate to develop a strain specific and sensitive PCR-quantification of Pf29A available for population dynamic studies in fields. We confirm that only a small proportion of the total Pf29A rhizosphere population is culturable.  相似文献   

Identification and characterization of a type III secretion system in Chlamydophila psittaci     

Beeckman DS  Geens T  Timmermans JP  Van Oostveldt P  Vanrompay DC 《Veterinary research》2008,39(3):27

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Relationship between plasma iron concentration and gastric pH in captive adult bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)     

Mitchell MA  Solangi MA  Clemons-Chevis CL  Vanderpool D  Romagnoli M  Hoffland T  Jowett P 《American journal of veterinary research》2008,69(7):900-903

OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between plasma iron concentrations and gastric pH in a population of captive Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). ANIMALS: 6 adult female dolphins that ranged from 16 to 30 years of age. PROCEDURES: Blood and gastric samples were collected from each dolphin to allow measurement of plasma iron concentrations and gastric pH, respectively. Samples were collected each month for 12 months. RESULTS: Within each dolphin, plasma iron concentrations and gastric pH did not differ significantly over time. There was a strong negative correlation (r = -0.85) between plasma iron concentration and gastric pH, which suggested that dolphins with a lower gastric pH had a higher plasma iron concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of results reported here suggested that gastric pH may play an important role in iron absorption in dolphins.  相似文献   

Epidemiological Characteristics of Angular Leaf Spot of Bean: A Systems Analysis     

Delphine?Allorent  Serge?SavaryEmail author 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,113(4):329-341

In this review, available knowledge on angular leaf spot (ALS) of bean, caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola, is analysed and synthesised. This is done through a systems-analytical approach, and successive flowcharts of the system, in order to identify knowledge gaps and guide further research. Six connected sub-models of the ALS monocycle are used as a framework: lesion establishment, lesion extension, defoliation, sporulation, spore liberation, and spore deposition. Each of the sub-models enables the linking of processes to various effects of environmental (physical and host) factors. Disease-induced defoliation is one feature of the pathosystem, leading to a depletion of infectious tissues from the canopy, which are transferred to the ground. Consequences of defoliation may include: strong reductions of the amount of inoculum and of vacant sites in the canopy, limited maximum disease severity, and progressive accumulation of inoculum below the canopy, which may become important a later stage of disease epidemics. These elements are hypothesised to explain the typical behaviour of ALS epidemics in the field, especially late onset, high apparent rate of disease increase, and low level of terminal disease severity in the standing canopy. Epidemiological consequences of lesion expansion, sporulation, and survival of spores deposited onto the canopy are other knowledge gaps in this pathosystem.  相似文献   

Quantifying and Modelling the Mobilisation of Inoculum from Diseased Leaves and Infected Defoliated Tissues in Epidemics of Angular Leaf Spot of Bean     

Delphine?Allorent  Laetitia?Willocquet  Aloisio?Sartorato  Serge?SavaryEmail author 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,113(4):377-394

Daily multiplication factor (number of daughter lesions per mother lesion per day) values were experimentally measured in four replications of a monocyclic experiment on angular leaf spot (ALS) of bean, where sources of inoculum were artificially established within a bean canopy, on the ground (defoliated infected leaves), or both. Daily multiplication factor of lesions in the canopy (DMFRc) was higher than that of infectious, defoliated tissues (DMFRd) in all replications. Both DMFRc and DMFRd were strongly reduced under dry compared to rainy conditions. Under rainy conditions for spore dispersal DMFRd was about two to three times smaller than DMFRc. Defoliated leaves may nevertheless represent a significant source of infection, depending on the amount of infectious tissues. Mother lesions within the canopy generated more daughter lesions in the medium (or lower) layers of the canopy than at its upper level (DMFRc higher at the medium and lower layers of a canopy), whereas DMFRd values seemed to decrease with height in the canopy. A mechanistic simulation model that combines host growth and disease-induced defoliation was designed to simulate the respective contributions of the two components of the dual inoculum source of a diseased canopy (infected foliage and defoliated infectious tissues), and varying infectious periods in both sources. Simulations suggest that higher DMFRc values have a large polycyclic effect on epidemics whereas that of DMFRd is small, and that large effects of the infectious period of lesions in the canopy are found when DMFRc is high. Simulations using experimentally measured DMFRc and DMFRd values indicated much stronger epidemics in rainy compared to dry conditions for spore dispersal, but disease persistence in the latter. The implications of considering a dual source of inoculum in the course of a polycyclic process are discussed with respect to epidemic thresholds.  相似文献   

Slaughterhouse effluent discharges into rivers not responsible for environmental occurrence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli     

Delphine Bibbal  Monique Kérourédan  Estelle Loukiadis  Flemming Scheutz  Eric Oswald  Hubert Brugère 《Veterinary microbiology》2014,168(2-4):451-454

Enteroaggregative Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains were responsible for a massive outbreak in Europe in 2011, and had been previously isolated from French patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) in slaughterhouse effluents (wastewater, slurry, sludge and effluents), and in river waters near these slaughterhouses. A total of 10,618 E. coli isolates were screened by PCR for the presence of EAEC-associated genetic markers (aggR, aap and aatA). None of these markers was detected in E. coli isolated from slaughterhouse samples. A unique enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) O126:H8 was detected in river water sampled upstream from slaughterhouse effluent discharge. These results confirmed that animals might not be reservoirs of EAEC, and that further studies are required to evaluate the role of the environment in the transmission of EAEC to humans.  相似文献   

Lung lobe torsion in 15 dogs: Peripheral band sign on ultrasound     

Audrey Belmudes  Guillaume Gory  Eddy Cauvin  Anaïs Combes  Hlne Gallois‐Bride  Laurent Couturier  Delphine N. Rault 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2021,62(1):116-125

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Computed tomographic features of gastric and esophageal content in dogs undergoing CT myelography and factors influencing the presence of esophageal fluid     

Caroline Benzimra  Ilaria Cerasoli  Delphine Rault  Karine Chalvet-Monfray  Eddy Cauvin  Laurent Couturier  Laure Gatel 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2020,21(6)

BackgroundGastroesophageal reflux (GER) has been reported to be a common finding in dogs under general anesthesia.ObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective study was to assess the esophageal and gastric contents in a population of dogs undergoing computed tomographic myelography (myelo-CT) examination and to evaluate the factors influencing the presence of esophageal fluid (gastric content, duration of anesthesia, body position, and intrinsic factors).MethodsEsophageal and gastric contents of 83 non-brachycephalic dogs were retrospectively assessed based on plain and myelo-CT scans. Age, weight, breed, sex, and the time between the 2 computed tomography [CT] scans were included.ResultsEsophageal fluid was present in 19% (16/83) of the animals, and 14% (12/83) and 46% (37/83), respectively, had fluid or food material in their stomachs. The frequency of observing esophageal fluid on myelo-CT scans was significantly increased compared with plain CT scans (p = 0.006). The presence of gastric fluid was significantly associated with an increased frequency of observing esophageal fluid compared to other gastric contents (p = 0.049; odds ratio, 3.1). The presence of esophageal fluid was not correlated with alimentary gastric contents (p = 0.17). Increased body weight and duration of anesthesia were significantly associated with an increased frequency of observing esophageal fluid (p = 0.022, p = 0.021).ConclusionsUnlike alimentary gastric contents, fluid gastric contents were correlated with the presence of esophageal fluid upon myelo-CT. The observation of fluid in the esophagus may be consistent with GER. This study provides data additional to pH monitoring studies of GER and may support previous studies recommending shorter pre-anesthetic fasting periods in dogs.  相似文献