Wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae,Curculionidae; Platypodinae and Scolytinae) infesting rubberwood sawn timber in southern Thailand     

Teerapol Kangkamanee  Wisut Sittichaya  Aran Ngampongsai  Surakrai Permkam  Roger A. Beaver 《Journal of Forest Research》2011,16(4):302-308

Species diversity and infestation densities of rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.)-boring beetles at sawmills in southern Thailand were investigated during July 2007 and March 2008. Twenty-two species of wood-boring beetles, nine bostrichids, eight scolytines and five platypodines, were identified. The powder post beetle, Sinoxylon anale Lesne (40%), is the single dominant rubberwood pest in the studied area. Other frequently captured species are Sinoxylon unidentatum (Fabricius) (18%), Heterobostrychus aequalis (Waterhouse) (10%) and Lyctoxylon dentatum Lesne (9%). The Shannon diversity index of rubberwood-boring beetles in the eastern coastal area was significantly (p < 0.01) greater than that in the western coastal area. The infestation density in the dry season was significantly higher than that in the wet season, but there were no significant differences between eastern and western coastal areas.  相似文献   

Attributes affecting residual benefits of N<Subscript>2</Subscript>-fixing mungbean and groundnut cultivars   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jiraluk?Phoomthaisong  Banyong?Toomsan  Viriya?Limpinuntana  Georg?CadischEmail author  Aran?Patanothai 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2003,39(1):16-24

Legumes grown for grain may or may not contribute net N benefits to soil and succeeding crops. An experiment was conducted to assess N₂ fixation attributes of six mungbean cultivars and two groundnut cultivars (Tainan 9 and Non-nod), which determine their residual benefit to the subsequent maize. Nodule number and dry weight of mungbeans peaked early (at 45 days) and declined thereafter strongly. In groundnut nodulation peaked later and declined only by 50% towards the final harvest. The N₂-fixing groundnut produced higher total dry matter yield than mungbeans; however, mungbeans produced higher seed yields. Dry matter harvest index and nitrogen harvest index (NHI) were higher in mungbeans (average 0.44 and 0.69) than groundnut (0.23 and 0.47, respectively, in Tainan 9). The percentage of nitrogen derived from air (%Ndfa, ¹⁵N isotope dilution) ranged from 54% to 62% in mungbeans, similar to that of groundnut (64%). However, Tainan 9 fixed more N₂ (82 kg N ha^–1) than mungbeans (35–50 kg N ha^–1) and resulted in a positive soil net N balance (+22 kg N ha^–1) while negative values were found for Non-nod groundnut and mungbeans (–3 to –12 kg N ha^–1). Maize grown after groundnut Tainan 9 had the highest total dry weight and total N uptake. This was equivalent to maize grown in fallow plots, which received 60–90 kg N ha^–1, while the respective benefits after mungbeans were 30–60 kg N ha^–1. Maize yield was directly related to the amount of residue N returned. Thus, the combination of high N yield, residue quality, %Ndfa and low NHI proved most beneficial to soil fertility and the succeeding crop.  相似文献   

Use of ovotransferrin as an antimicrobial in turkeys naturally infected with Chlamydia psittaci, avian metapneumovirus and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale     

Van Droogenbroeck C  Dossche L  Wauman T  Van Lent S  Phan TT  Beeckman DS  Vanrompay D 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,153(3-4):257-263

Respiratory pathogens are difficult to control in large-scale turkey production. This report describes a clinical trial of antimicrobial ovoTF aerosol on a large Belgian turkey farm. ovoTF was administered to reduce Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) infections and to study the impact of this action on the occurrence of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (O. rhinotracheale) and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) infections. Two subsequent broods were included; (i) a control brood receiving no ovoTF and (ii) an ovoTF brood receiving ovoTF aerosol (5mg/animal) at the age of 2 weeks, continuing daily for 12 days. Twenty-four one-day-old toms of the control and ovoTF brood were tagged and monitored for 15 weeks. The control brood experienced two periods of respiratory disease, the first (2-3 weeks of age) due to C. psittaci and the second (8-17 weeks of age) in the presence of C. psittaci, O. rhinotracheale and maybe aMPV. Extensive antibiotic treatment was needed in 2, 8 and 9 week-old toms. In the ovoTF brood, toms stayed healthy until the age of 9 weeks, whereafter respiratory disease occurred in the presence of C. psittaci, O rhinotracheale and aMPV. OvoTF administration: (i) reduced the amount of C. psittaci in the air as demonstrated by bioaerosol monitoring, (ii) prevented respiratory disease during the first half of the brood period, (iii) was associated with 46% reduction of mortality, and (iv) reduced the antibiotic cost. Our results justify additional clinical trials to explore the use of this innovative antimicrobial strategy for poultry.  相似文献   

Variations in morphological and agronomic traits among Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) accessions     

Ratchanee Puttha  Sanun Jogloy  Bhalang Suriharn  Preeya Puangsomlee Wangsomnuk  Thawan Kesmala  Aran Patanothai 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(2):731-746

Jerusalem artichoke is a diversely-utilized crop. Selection for high yield, inulin content and other economically important traits are useful for improving this crop. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate genetic variability for qualitative and quantitative traits among Jerusalem artichoke accessions and to identify different groups of accessions using morphological and agronomic traits. Seventy-nine accessions were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with two replications in the late rainy season 2008, the early rainy season 2009 and the late rainy season 2009 at Khon Kaen University agronomy farm, Thailand. Morphological and agronomic characteristics were evaluated for genetic variations. High variations were found among Jerusalem artichoke accessions for qualitative and quantitative characters, and selection for these characters is possible. High variations were observed for tuber width, number of tubers/plant, biomass, fresh tuber yield and tuber size. Correlation coefficient between fresh tuber yield and tuber size was positive and significant (0.58, P ≤ 0.01). Improvement of tuber size is a means to improve yield and tuber quality. Based on morphological and agronomic characteristics, Jerusalem artichoke accessions were clustered into four distinct groups (R² = 0.88). These groups may be used as parental material to generate progenies for further improvement of this crop. This information will enable breeders to make informed decisions about possible heterotic groups for their breeding programs and germplasm conservation.  相似文献   

Family Variation in the Morphology and Physiology of White Spruce (Picea glauca) Seedlings in Response to Elevated CO2 and Temperature     

Sylvie Carles  Delphine Boyer Groulx  Mohammed S. Lamhamedi  André Rainville  Jean Beaulieu  Pierre Bernier 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3):169-198

Tree improvement programs aim to develop families that are well-adapted to future growing conditions. To gain insight into the stability of the family genetic response to climate change, white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings from 60 full-sib families were subjected to a combination of two temperature regimes and two levels of CO₂ over two growing seasons. There was positive effect of warmer temperatures and higher CO₂ on some growth variables but no significant family × treatment interactions. Instantaneous water use efficiency was the only physiological trait that was affected positively by the CO₂ treatment, showing a 51% increase that was consistent across families.  相似文献   

A cost-effectiveness study of the community-based intervention '10 000 Steps Ghent'     

De Smedt D  De Cocker K  Annemans L  De Bourdeaudhuij I  Cardon G 《Public health nutrition》2012,15(3):442-451

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Process,structure and texture of extruded whole wheat     

Frédéric Robin  Cédric Dubois  Nicolas Pineau  Emilie Labat  Christine Théoduloz  Delphine Curti 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012

Whole wheat is well known by consumers as a health-providing ingredient. Nevertheless, in extruded products it leads to textures that are less favorable to consumer preference compared to its refined flour. An understanding of the effect of extrusion on whole wheat properties is therefore necessary to improve its texture. Whole wheat flour was extruded under varying conditions of water content (18 or 22%), screw speed (400 or 800 rpm) and barrel temperature (140 or 180 °C) and its physicochemical properties were measured. Changing the extrusion conditions significantly modified the volumetric expansion index (between 9.1 and 20.6) and longitudinal expansion (between 0.93 and 2.98) of the samples. Interestingly, changing the extrusion conditions did not significantly modify the sectional expansion. Increasing barrel temperature, water content or screw speed decreased the shear viscosity of the melt. This can be explained by plasticizing effects and modification of starch properties. The change in shear viscosity at the die can mostly explain the effect of process conditions on volumetric expansion of the extruded whole wheat. The stress at rupture of the extruded samples was varied between 0.49 and 1.86 MPa depending on process conditions. It was the lowest at high water content and low screw speed.  相似文献   

Inoculation with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sclerotium rolfsii</Emphasis>, cause of stem rot in Jerusalem artichoke,under field conditions     

Chutsuda Junsopa  Sanun Jogloy  Weerasak Saksirirat  Patcharin Songsri  Thawan Kesmala  Barbara B. Shew  Aran Patanothai 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,146(1):47-58

Stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is an important problem of Jerusalem artichoke, and breeding of Jerusalem artichoke for resistance to stem rot requires effective screening methods. The objective of this study was to compare methods for inoculating Jerusalem artichoke with S. rolfsii under field conditions. A 4 × 2 × 3 factorial in a randomized complete block with four replications was used in two environments characterized by different rates of fertilizer application (recommended rate and low rate) in the rainy season. The factors included four Jerusalem artichoke varieties (HEL280, HEL278, HEL256 and JA49), two levels of wounding (wounded and not wounded) and three methods of inoculation. The inoculation methods consisted of: 1) non-inoculated natural infection; 2) attaching one colonized sorghum seed at the crown of plants (single sorghum seed method); and 3) spreading 30 g m^?2 of colonized sorghum seeds (broadcast inoculation method). Jerusalem artichoke varieties and inoculation methods were significantly different for disease incidence, whereas the difference between wounded and non wounded treatments was not significant. Significant interactions were found between the variety and wounding method, the variety and inoculation method, wounding method and inoculation method, and inoculation method and environments. Natural infection resulted in the lowest disease incidence (32.2 %), whereas the single sorghum seed and the broadcast inoculation methods had a high disease incidence (79.0 % and 77.3 % respectively) and were not signnificantly different from each other. Broadcast inoculation did not allow differentiation of Jerusalem artichoke varieties for disease incidence, whereas single seed inoculation could better identify the differences among Jerusalem artichoke varieties.  相似文献   

Oral administration of sucrose solutions and measurement of serum sucrose concentrations to evaluate gastric permeability in adult bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)     

Buddington KK  Holmes WE  Clemons-Chevis CL  Solangi MA  Vanderpool D  Buddington RK 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(6):931-935

OBJECTIVE: To measure concentrations of sucrose in the serum of captive dolphins after oral administration of a sucrose solution and determine the suitability of this method for use as a test to detect gastric ulcers. ANIMALS: 8 adult captive bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). PROCEDURES: Blood samples were collected from the ventral fluke vein of dolphins before and 45 minutes after oral administration of 500 mL of solution containing 25 or 50 g of sucrose; oral administration was achieved by use of gastric intubation. Serum was separated, diluted in a solution of 90% acetonitrile-to 10% water that contained 10 ng of an internal standard (trichlormethiazide)/microL, mixed, and centrifuged. Supernatant was analyzed by use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). RESULTS: Serum sucrose concentrations of dolphins were at or less than the limits of detection before oral administration. Values after administration of sucrose solution varied among dolphins and were higher and more variable after administration of 50 g, compared with concentrations after administration of 25 g. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Serum sucrose concentrations in samples collected during routine health evaluations of captive dolphins can be reliably measured by use of LC-MS-MS. Correlating serum sucrose concentrations with endoscopic observations of the gastric mucosa of dolphins will validate this approach for use in screening for the prevalence and severity of gastric ulcers and determining the efficacy of treatment regimens.  相似文献   

Growth strain assessment at the periphery of small-diameter trees using the two-grooves method: influence of operating parameters estimated by numerical simulations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Delphine Jullien  Joseph Gril 《Wood Science and Technology》2008,42(7):551-565

The two-grooves method used for estimating the surface locked-in strains on standing stems was studied using a finite-element model simulating the gauge measurement resulting from the groove cutting, having in mind the particular of small diameter trees. The assumed growth stress distribution was described by simple polynomial expressions of the relative radius with the possible existence of a tension wood sector characterized by higher residual stresses in the longitudinal direction. The end effect of the crosscutting vanished for a height/diameter ratio higher than 3 and the simulated gauge measurement reasonably approached the local growth strain average. For very small trees with a diameter of about 2 cm, the distance between gauge end and groove should not exceed 3 mm, a value of up to 5 mm is allowed in case of larger stems, 5–20 cm. For any combination of stem diameter, gauge length, groove distance and depth, and assumptions on the internal stress distributions, the underestimation of the surface growth strain by the gauge can be evaluated using the developed numerical tool.  相似文献