Sequencing of Culex quinquefasciatus establishes a platform for mosquito comparative genomics     

Arensburger P  Megy K  Waterhouse RM  Abrudan J  Amedeo P  Antelo B  Bartholomay L  Bidwell S  Caler E  Camara F  Campbell CL  Campbell KS  Casola C  Castro MT  Chandramouliswaran I  Chapman SB  Christley S  Costas J  Eisenstadt E  Feschotte C  Fraser-Liggett C  Guigo R  Haas B  Hammond M  Hansson BS  Hemingway J  Hill SR  Howarth C  Ignell R  Kennedy RC  Kodira CD  Lobo NF  Mao C  Mayhew G  Michel K  Mori A  Liu N  Naveira H  Nene V  Nguyen N  Pearson MD  Pritham EJ  Puiu D  Qi Y  Ranson H  Ribeiro JM  Roberston HM  Severson DW  Shumway M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6000):86-88

Culex quinquefasciatus (the southern house mosquito) is an important mosquito vector of viruses such as West Nile virus and St. Louis encephalitis virus, as well as of nematodes that cause lymphatic filariasis. C. quinquefasciatus is one species within the Culex pipiens species complex and can be found throughout tropical and temperate climates of the world. The ability of C. quinquefasciatus to take blood meals from birds, livestock, and humans contributes to its ability to vector pathogens between species. Here, we describe the genomic sequence of C. quinquefasciatus: Its repertoire of 18,883 protein-coding genes is 22% larger than that of Aedes aegypti and 52% larger than that of Anopheles gambiae with multiple gene-family expansions, including olfactory and gustatory receptors, salivary gland genes, and genes associated with xenobiotic detoxification.  相似文献   

A panel of protein candidates for comprehensive study of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) infection     

Rosivaldo Quirino Bezerra Júnior  Ângela Maria Xavier Eloy  João Ricardo Furtado  Raymundo Rizaldo Pinheiro  Alice Andrioli  Frederico Bruno Moreno  Marina Duarte Pinto Lobo  Ana Cristina O. Monteiro-Moreira  Renato de Azevedo Moreira  Tatiana Maria Farias Pinto  Maria Fátima da Silva Teixeira 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(1):43-48

The caprine arthrite encephalite (CAE) is a disease that affects especially dairy goat. The virus shows compartmentalization features, that allows it to hide at certain times during the course of the disease, making it difficult to control. The present study was conducted to identify the major seminal plasma protein profile of goats infected by CAE and its associations with seroconversion using Western blotting. Two groups containing five males each, were used in this experiment. The first group was composed by seropositive animals and the control by seronegative confirmed by Western blotting and PCR. The semen was collected through artificial vagina and after that, two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS were used. Seventy-five spots were identified in the goat seminal plasma gels, equivalent to 13 different proteins with more expression. The similar proteins found in both groups and related to reproduction were spermadhesin Z13-like, bodhesin and bodhesin-2, Lipocalin, protein PDC-109-like, and albumin. In infected goats, proteases such as arisulfatase A have been identified, whose function probably is related to metabolism control of sulfatides, involved to virus control. The other ones were bifunctional ATP-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinase/FAD-AMP lyase, cathepsin F isoform X1, disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 2-like isoform X1, clusterin, carbonic anhydrase 2, electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta, and epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase. The results of this study show the reaction of the innate immune system against chronic infection of goats by CAE.  相似文献   

Xenotransplantation of goat ovary as an alternative to analyse follicles after vitrification     

Nathalie Jiatsa Donfack  Kele Amaral Alves  Benner Geraldo Alves  Rebeca Magalhes Pedrosa Rocha  Jamily Bezerra Bruno  Carlos H. Lobo  Marcelo Bertolini  Regiane Rodrigues dos Santos  Marilia de Oliveira Taumaturgo  Ramon da Silva Raposo  Jos Ricardo de Figueiredo  Johan Smitz  Ana Paula Ribeiro Rodrigues 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(2):216-224

The aim of this study was to evaluate the caprine preantral follicles enclosed on vitrified/warmed ovarian cortex grafted to nude BALB/mice during 1 month. The ovarian cortex from goats was fragmented (3 × 3 × 0.5 mm) and divided into four groups: fresh control, vitrified control, fresh transplant and vitrified transplant. Follicular morphology, development and density, fibrosis as well as apoptosis, and tissue revascularization were evaluated. It was also observed a significant decrease in morphologically normal preantral (primordial, transition, primary and secondary) follicles in both vitrified control and vitrified transplant treatments when compared with both fresh control and fresh transplant. However, fresh control and fresh transplant exhibited a similar percentage of developing follicles. Additionally, Vitrified control showed a significant increase in developing follicles in comparison with both fresh control and fresh transplant. Follicular density significantly decreased in all treatments in comparison with fresh control. We observed high fibrosis in both fresh transplant and vitrified transplant. The mRNA expression of caspase 3 was lower in both fresh transplant and vitrified transplant in comparison with vitrified control. In conclusion, xenotransplantation is an excellent strategy to maintain normal preantral follicle morphology after vitrification/warming of goat ovarian tissue. Yet, in order to ensure the survival and development of these follicles, it is essential to improve the revascularization of the graft.  相似文献   

Prioritizing areas for conservation and vegetation restoration in post-agricultural landscapes: A Biosphere Reserve plan for Bioko, Equatorial Guinea     

Noelia Zafra-Calvo  Rowena Cerro  Jorge M. Lobo  Sahotra Sarkar 《Biological conservation》2010,143(3):787-794

Although the conversion of natural vegetation to agriculture threatens biodiversity, post-agricultural lands may provide an opportunity to preserve biodiversity if they are allowed to regenerate. We develop a framework for incorporating abandoned agricultural fields into the design of a Biosphere Reserve using former cocoa plantations on Bioko, Equatorial Guinea, as a case study. First, we used BIOCLIM to model the potential distribution of 62 ferns, 327 monocotyledons, 749 dicotyledons, seven primates, and 104 birds on Bioko. Next, we quantitatively assessed the representation of these distributions in conservation areas proposed by the Equatoguinean administration (hereafter “EPAs”). In addition, we used an area prioritization algorithm implemented in the ResNet software package to select an initial set of sites to serve as the Biosphere Reserve’s core areas, that is, intact forest in Bioko’s montane regions. Then, to augment the beta-diversity of the Reserve, we used the area prioritization algorithm to prioritize buffer zones in lowland sites including rainforest remnants and abandoned plantations that have partially regenerated to forest. We also compared the representation of biodiversity in the EPAs to its representation in Biosphere Reserves designed with ResNet. The representation of vegetation types and species in Reserves selected by ResNet that occupy 25% of the land on Bioko is equivalent to the representation achieved by the EPAs, which would cover 42% of Bioko. To conclude, we propose a conservation plan for Bioko.  相似文献   

Use of aortic flow indexes derived from transthoracic echocardiography to evaluate response to a fluid challenge in anesthetized dogs     

Guillermo C.V. de Oliveira  Francisco J. Teixeira-Neto  Tábata L. Dalmagro  Angélica Alfonso  Nathalia Celeita-Rodríguez  César P.C. Lobo  Maria L.G. Lourenço 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(2):187-197

ObjectiveTo evaluate the ability of transthoracic echocardiographic aortic flow measurements to discriminate response to a fluid challenge (FC) in healthy anesthetized dogs.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsA total of 48 isoflurane-anesthetized dogs (14.2–35.0 kg) undergoing elective surgery.MethodsFluid responsiveness was evaluated before surgery by FC (lactated Ringer’s 10 mL kg^–1 intravenously over 5 minutes). Percentage increases in transpulmonary thermodilution stroke volume (ΔSV_TPTD) >15% from values recorded before FC defined responders to volume expansion. A group of 24 animals were assigned as nonresponders (ΔSV_TPTD ≤15%). When ΔSV_TPTD was >15% after the first FC, additional FC were administered until ΔSV_TPTD was ≤15%. Final fluid responsiveness status was based on the response to the last FC. Percentage increases after FC in aortic flow indexes [velocity time integral (ΔVTI_FC) and maximum acceleration (ΔVmax_FC)] and in mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP_FC) were compared with ΔSV_TPTD.ResultsAfter one FC, 24 animals were responders. For nonresponders, ΔSV_TPTD was ≤15% after one, two and three FCs in eight/24, 15/24 and one/24 animals, respectively. The FC that defined responsiveness increased ΔSV_TPTD by 29 (18–53)% in responders and by 8 (–3 to 15)% in nonresponders [mean (range)]. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of ΔVTI_FC (0.901) was larger than the AUROCs of ΔVmax_FC (0.774, p = 0.041) and ΔMAP_FC (0.519, p < 0.0001). ΔMAP_FC did not predict responsiveness (p = 0.826). Best cut-off thresholds for discriminating responders, with respective zones of diagnostic uncertainty (gray zones) were >14.7 (10.8–17.6)% for ΔVTI_FC and >8.6 (–0.3 to 14.7)% for ΔVmax_FC. Animals within the gray zone were 17% (ΔVTI_FC) and 50% (ΔVmax_FC).Conclusions and clinical relevanceChanges in VTI induced by FC can determine responsiveness with reasonable accuracy in dogs and could play an important role in goal-directed fluid therapy.  相似文献   

Invasive potential of biofilm-forming Staphylococci bovine subclinical mastitis isolates     

Manuela Oliveira  Ricardo Bexiga  Sandro Filipe Nunes  Cristina Lobo Vilela 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2011,12(1):95-97

Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is a common infectious agent of bovine chronic mastitis, a disease that is difficult to eradicate. The abilities of Staphylococci to be internalized and form a biofilm can contribute to host immunological defence evasion that subsequently impairs antimicrobial therapy. The invasive capability of six S. aureus field isolates with different biofilm-forming profiles was compared in vitro using a bovine mammary epithelial cell line. This was further confirmed in primary cell cultures using fluorescent rRNA probes against S. aureus. The results suggest that S. aureus invasion levels are not related to biofilm formation.  相似文献   

Inversions and gene order shuffling in Anopheles gambiae and A. funestus     

Sharakhov IV  Serazin AC  Grushko OG  Dana A  Lobo N  Hillenmeyer ME  Westerman R  Romero-Severson J  Costantini C  Sagnon N  Collins FH  Besansky NJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5591):182-185

In tropical Africa, Anopheles funestus is one of the three most important malaria vectors. We physically mapped 157 A. funestus complementary DNAs (cDNAs) to the polytene chromosomes of this species. Sequences of the cDNAs were mapped in silico to the A. gambiae genome as part of a comparative genomic study of synteny, gene order, and sequence conservation between A. funestus and A. gambiae. These species are in the same subgenus and diverged about as recently as humans and chimpanzees. Despite nearly perfect preservation of synteny, we found substantial shuffling of gene order along corresponding chromosome arms. Since the divergence of these species, at least 70 chromosomal inversions have been fixed, the highest rate of rearrangement of any eukaryote studied to date. The high incidence of paracentric inversions and limited colinearity suggests that locating genes in one anopheline species based on gene order in another may be limited to closely related taxa.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Macroalgae Sulfated Polysaccharides on the Leishmania (L.) amazonensis Promastigote     

Camila Lehnhardt Pires  Selma Dzimidas Rodrigues  Daniel Bristot  Henrique Hessel Gaeta  Daniela de Oliveira Toyama  Wladimir Ronald Lobo Farias  Marcos Hikari Toyama 《Marine drugs》2013,11(3):934-943

The sulfated polysaccharides from Solieria filiformis (Sf), Botryocladia occidentalis (Bo), Caulerpa racemosa (Cr) and Gracilaria caudata (Gc) were extracted and extensively purified. These compounds were then subjected to in vitro assays to evaluate the inhibition of these polysaccharides on the growth of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis promastigotes. Under the same assay conditions, only three of the four sulfated polysaccharides were active against L. amazonensis, and the polysaccharide purified from Cr was the most potent (EC₅₀ value: 34.5 μg/mL). The polysaccharides derived from Bo and Sf demonstrated moderate anti-leishmanial activity (EC₅₀ values of 63.7 μg/mL and 137.4 μg/mL). In addition, we also performed in vitro cytotoxic assays toward peritoneal macrophages and J774 macrophages. For the in vitro cytotoxicity assay employing J774 cells, all of the sulfated polysaccharides decreased cell survival, with CC₅₀ values of 27.3 μg/mL, 49.3 μg/mL, 73.2 μg/mL, and 99.8 μg/mL for Bo, Cr, Gc, and Sf, respectively. However, none of the sulfated polysaccharides reduced the cell growth rate of the peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that macroalgae contain compounds with various chemical properties that can control specific pathogens. According to our results, the assayed sulfated polysaccharides were able to modulate the growth rate and cell survival of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis promastigotes in in vitro assays, and these effects involved the interaction of the sulfated polysaccharides on the cell membrane of the parasites.  相似文献   

Cell type-specific loss of BDNF signaling mimics optogenetic control of cocaine reward     

Lobo MK  Covington HE  Chaudhury D  Friedman AK  Sun H  Damez-Werno D  Dietz DM  Zaman S  Koo JW  Kennedy PJ  Mouzon E  Mogri M  Neve RL  Deisseroth K  Han MH  Nestler EJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6002):385-390

The nucleus accumbens is a key mediator of cocaine reward, but the distinct roles of the two subpopulations of nucleus accumbens projection neurons, those expressing dopamine D1 versus D2 receptors, are poorly understood. We show that deletion of TrkB, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor, selectively from D1+ or D2+ neurons oppositely affects cocaine reward. Because loss of TrkB in D2+ neurons increases their neuronal excitability, we next used optogenetic tools to control selectively the firing rate of D1+ and D2+ nucleus accumbens neurons and studied consequent effects on cocaine reward. Activation of D2+ neurons, mimicking the loss of TrkB, suppresses cocaine reward, with opposite effects induced by activation of D1+ neurons. These results provide insight into the molecular control of D1+ and D2+ neuronal activity as well as the circuit-level contribution of these cell types to cocaine reward.  相似文献   

A HPTLC densitometric method for the determination of aloeverose in Aloe vera gel     

Richard Lobo  Kirti S. Prabhu  Arun Shirwaikar  Mamatha Ballal  C. Balachandran  Annie Shirwaikar 《Fitoterapia》2010

Aloe vera gel is a familiar ingredient in a range of widely available and advertisement healthcare and cosmetic products. As to date there are no documented reports on the standardization of A. vera gel and the following study is an attempt in this direction. A. vera gel was evaluated for its aloeverose content for the first time. Aloeverose, was separated on a thin-layer of silica gel by isocratic gradient elution technique was determined by using HPTLC-photodensitometry. The proposed method is simple and sensitive and can be used for the routine assay of aloeverose in phytomedicines containing A. vera gel.  相似文献