Pharmacokinetics of cephalexin in cats after oral administration of the antibiotic in tablet and paste preparations   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

JR THORNTON  PJ MARTIN 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(6):439-440

Objective To determine the bioequivalence of a paste formulation of cephalexin with that of the tablet form.
Design A two-way cross-over study.
Animals Ten adult cats of mixed breed.
Procedure The cats, randomly allocated to two groups, received either the paste preparation or the tablet orally at 12-hour intervals for 48 h before a 12-hour blood collection period. Two weeks later the treatments were reversed and the blood sampling repeated. The serum concentrations of the antibiotic were determined. The pharmacokinetic factors were analysed using a computer.
Results There were no significant differences between the peak concentration of cephalexin, or the other pharmacokinetic factors obtained from the tablet and paste formulations. The serum profiles of cephalexin following four 12-hourly doses of each formulation were similar with the peak serum values occurring at approximately 2 h after administration.
Conclusion The paste formulation and the tablet form are bioequivalent.  相似文献   

Bilateral hypoplasia of the soft palate in a foal     

CB RILEY  JV YOVICH  JR BOLTON 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(5):178-179

Bilateral hypoplasia of the soft palate and aspiration pneumonia occurred in a Standardbred foal. The filly was presented with a history of illthrift, dyspnoea, coughing and bilateral nasal discharge. Abnormal sounds (crackels and wheezes) were auscultated over all lung fields and the cervical trachea. Endoscopy revealed a shortened soft palate with a uvula-like mass protruding from the free border into the nasopharynx. Mucopurulent material was present in the trachea. Samples obtained by tracheal wash were submitted for cytology, culture and sensitivity testing. Results indicated a septic inflammatory process. On lateral radiographs of the thorax there were patchy areas of consolidation and air bronchograms. The foal was euthanased. Necropsy confirmed the presence of a palatal defect and aspiration pneumonia of moderate severity. No other congenital abnormalities were present.  相似文献   

Immunological detection of cardiac glycosides in plants     

DJ RADFORD  K. CHEUNG  R. URECH  JR GOLLOGLY  P. DUFFY 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(8):236-238

Summary Australian native and introduced plants were examined, using digoxin immunoassays, to detect the presence of cross-reacting cardiac glycosides. These compounds were found in 27 species from 20 genera. The assay technique can also be used on serum samples to confirm cardiac glycoside ingestion.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin after intravenous and subcutaneous injection in obese cats   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

L. C. WRIGHT  C. R. HORTON  JR.    A. D. JERNIGAN  R. C. WILSON  C. H. CLARK 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1991,14(1):96-100

Six adult domestic shorthair obese cats were given 3-mg/kg gentamicin sulfate by rapid i.v. and by s.c. injection in a cross-over design. The plasma concentration-time data were analyzed using statistical moment theory with no assumption of a specific compartmental model. Means +/- SD for the half-life, which was calculated from the terminal slope of the log concentration-time curve, were 1.37 +/- 0.24 and 1.24 +/- 0.22 h following i.v. and s.c. injection, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution at steady state was 118.55 +/- 19.83 ml/kg, and total body clearance was 1.07 +/- 0.25 ml/kg/min. Bioavailability was 83.58 +/- 14.83% after s.c. administration. The calculated s.c. dose in obese cats to produce an average steady-state concentration of 4 micrograms/ml is 2.5 mg/kg every 8 h compared to 3 mg/kg in normal-weight cats.  相似文献   

Further investigation of lead exposure as a potential threatening process for a scavenging marsupial species     

DJ Hutchinson  EM Jones  JM Pay  JR Clarke  MT Lohr  JO Hampton 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(8):313-319

There is a growing recognition of the harmful effects of lead exposure on avian and mammalian scavengers. This can lead to both lethal and non-lethal effects which may negatively impact wildlife populations. Our objective was to assess medium-term lead exposure in wild Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii). Frozen liver samples (n = 41), opportunistically collected in 2017–2022, were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine liver lead concentrations. These results were then used to calculate the proportion of animals with elevated lead levels (>5 mg/kg dry weight) and examine the role of explanatory variables that may have influenced the results. The majority of samples analysed were from the south-east corner of Tasmania, within 50 km of Hobart. No Tasmanian devil samples were found to have elevated lead levels. The median liver lead concentration was 0.17 mg/kg (range 0.05–1.32 mg/kg). Female devils were found to have significantly higher liver lead concentrations than males (P = 0.013), which was likely related to lactation, but other variables (age, location, body mass) were not significant. These results suggest that wild Tasmanian devil populations currently show minimal medium-term evidence of exposure to lead pollution, although samples were concentrated in peri-urban areas. The results provide a baseline level which can be used to assess the impact of any future changes in lead use in Tasmania. Furthermore, these data can be used as a comparison for lead exposure studies in other mammalian scavengers, including other carnivorous marsupial species.  相似文献   

National participation levels in the 2017–2018 Australian thoroughbred racing season     

ML Flash  K Shrestha  MA Stevenson  JR Gilkerson 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(7):265-274

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Distribution Pattern(s) of Sperm Protein at 22 kDa (SP22) on Fresh,Cooled and Frozen/Thawed Equine Spermatozoa and Expression of SP22 in Tissues from the Testes and Epididymides of Normal Stallions          下载免费PDF全文

LMJ Miller  EM Woodward  JR Campos  EL Squires  MHT Troedsson 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(2):275-282

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The Seismic Structure of the Sun     

DO Gough  AG Kosovichev  J Toomre  E Anderson  HM Antia  S Basu  B Chaboyer  SM Chitre  J Christensen-Dalsgaard  WA Dziembowski  A Eff-Darwich  JR Elliott  PM Giles  PR Goode  JA Guzik  JW Harvey  F Hill  JW Leibacher  MJPFG Monteiro  O Richard  T Sekii  H Shibahashi  M Takata  MJ Thompson  S Vauclair  SV Vorontsov 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5266):1296-1300

Global Oscillation Network Group data reveal that the internal structure of the sun can be well represented by a calibrated standard model. However, immediately beneath the convection zone and at the edge of the energy-generating core, the sound-speed variation is somewhat smoother in the sun than it is in the model. This could be a consequence of chemical inhomogeneity that is too severe in the model, perhaps owing to inaccurate modeling of gravitational settling or to neglected macroscopic motion that may be present in the sun. Accurate knowledge of the sun's structure enables inferences to be made about the physics that controls the sun; for example, through the opacity, the equation of state, or wave motion. Those inferences can then be used elsewhere in astrophysics.  相似文献   

Responses in growth rate of larval northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) to anomalous upwelling in the northern California Current     

DAVID M. CHECKLEY JR  MARISA N.C. LITZ  RICHARD D. BRODEUR  WILLIAM T. PETERSON 《Fisheries Oceanography》2012,21(6):393-404

We examined variability in growth rate during the larval stage of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) in response to physical and biological environmental factors in 2005 and 2006. The onset of spring upwelling was anomalously delayed by 2–3 months until mid‐July in 2005; in contrast, spring upwelling in 2006 began as a normal year in the northern California Current. Larval and early juvenile E. mordax were collected in August, September, and October off the coast of Oregon and Washington. Hatch dates ranged from May to September, with peaks in June and August in 2005 and a peak in July in 2006, based on the number of otolith daily increments. Back‐calculated body length‐at‐age in the June 2005 hatch cohort was significantly smaller than in the August 2005 cohort, which had comparable growth to the July 2006 cohort. Standardized otolith daily increment widths as a proxy for seasonal variability in somatic growth rates in 2005 were negative until late July and then changed to positive with intensification of upwelling. The standardized increment width was a positive function of biomass of chlorophyll a concentration, and neritic cold‐water and oceanic subarctic copepod species sampled biweekly off Newport, Oregon. Our results suggest that delayed upwelling in 2005 resulted in low food availability and, consequently, reduced E. mordax larval growth rate in early summer, but once upwelling began in July, high food availability enhanced larval growth rate to that typical of a normal upwelling year (e.g., 2006) in the northern California Current.  相似文献   

Estimating the outcrossing rate of Cyperus difformis using resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides and molecular markers     

A MEROTTO JR  M JASIENIUK†  & A J FISCHER† 《Weed Research》2009,49(1):29-36

Cyperus difformis (smallflower umbrella sedge) is an economically important weed of rice in California where its control has recently been complicated by the evolution of herbicide resistance. Knowledge of the mating system of this weed is needed to elucidate the dynamics of resistance evolution and to design mitigation strategies that delay its occurrence. The aim of this study was to estimate the outcrossing rate of C. difformis using molecular and phenotypic markers. Outcrossing rates were estimated in natural field populations using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular markers and in glasshouse and field experiments using resistance to the acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicide bensulfuron-methyl as a phenotypic marker. Using SRAP markers, the multilocus ( t _m) and average single-locus ( t _s) outcrossing rates varied from 0.014 to 0.025 and from 0.008 to 0.012, respectively, among natural weed populations in rice fields. Using resistance to bensulfuron-methyl as a genetic marker, the average C. difformis outcrossing rate estimated was 0.009 in the glasshouse and 0.0084 in the field. These results indicate that C. difformis is a highly self-fertilising species. Therefore, the primary mechanism by which genes for herbicide resistance can be transferred among C. difformis populations in different rice fields is probably seed dispersal. Weed management should emphasise prevention of seed production and dispersal to preclude the further spread and evolution of resistance in C. difformis .  相似文献