Retrospective evaluation of laboratory data on canine vector-borne infections from the years 2004-2008     

Röhrig E  Hamel D  Pfister K 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2011,124(9-10):411-418

The detection and therapy of canine vector-borne diseases in imported dogs are of major importance in small animal practice. Over the last years, the import of dogs from the Mediterranean region and Southeast Europe has increased, countries often endemic for a variety of vector-borne diseases such as babesiosis, hepatozoonosis, leishmaniosis, dirofilariosis or ehrlichiosis. This retrospective study presents the evaluation of data from our diagnostic laboratory on vector-borne infections in imported dogs from the years 2004-2008. Specific antibodies were detectable in 20.5% of all samples with individual detection rates of 8.9%, 9.6% and 10.8% for Babesia canis ssp., Leishmania spp. and/or Ehrlichia canis. A total of 5.5% of all samples tested by direct methods were positive. Up to 1.1% of Giemsa-stained blood/buffy coat smears were positive for B. canis ssp., Rickettsia spp. or Hepatozoon spp. Microfilariae were detectable by the Knott's Test in 6.4% and heartworm antigen was detectable using the DiroChek-ELISA in 3% of the examined samples. EDTA-blood samples were positive for Leishmania spp.-(14.9%), E. canis- (5.3%) and A. phagocytophilum-DNA (5.0%) by PCR. Therewith, imported dogs have a high chance of being carriers of pathogens. As some diseases may also be of a zoonotic concern, in case of the availability of competent vectors, the key focus in the future should be aimed at the prevention of importing infected dogs or at compulsory diagnostic screening and treatment of infected dogs at the time of import.  相似文献   

A food-grade system for inducible gene expression in Lactobacillus plantarum using an alanine racemase-encoding selection marker     

Nguyen TT  Mathiesen G  Fredriksen L  Kittl R  Nguyen TH  Eijsink VG  Haltrich D  Peterbauer CK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(10):5617-5624

Food-grade gene expression systems for lactic acid bacteria are useful for applications in the food industry. We describe a new food-grade host/vector system for Lactobacillus plantarum based on pSIP expression vectors and the use of the homologous alanine racemase gene (alr) as selection marker. A new series of expression vectors were constructed by exchanging the erythromycin resistance gene (erm) in pSIP vectors by the L. plantarum WCFS1 alr gene. The vectors were applied for the overexpression of β-galactosidase genes from L. reuteri L103 and L. plantarum WCFS1 in an alr deletion mutant of L. plantarum WCFS1. The expression levels obtained in this way, i.e. without the use of antibiotics, were comparable to the levels obtained with the conventional system based on selection for erythromycin resistance. The new system is suitable for the production of ingredients and additives for the food industry.  相似文献   

Reliability of pelvimetry is affected by observer experience but not by breed and sex: A cross-sectional study in beef cattle     

Johannes Vernooij  Florine de Munck  Evelien van Nieuwenhuizen  Edward Webb  Herman Jonker  Peter Vos  Dietmar Holm 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(11):1592-1598

Pelvis size plays an important role to prevent dystocia in cattle caused by the foeto-maternal disproportion in commonly primiparous females. The reproducibility and repeatability are two important aspects for the reliability of the measurements to use in the selection of cattle for culling. Pelvic measures were taken with a Rice pelvimeter from 224 young cattle (180 females and 44 males) of four beef breeds in South Africa. One experienced and two inexperienced observers each measured pelvic height and width twice. The proportion measurements with a maximum difference of 0.5 cm within animal compared with the first measurement by the experienced observer are around 80% and by the inexperienced observers around 50% for pelvic height and around 60% for pelvic width. Breed and sex do not affect the reliability of pelvimetry by an experienced observer. Under- and overestimation of pelvis size were observed in inexperienced observers, which seems to be unrelated to breed and sex.  相似文献   

Effect of mineral and organic fertilization on crop yield,nitrogen uptake,carbon and nitrogen balances,as well as soil organic carbon content and dynamics: results from 20 European long-term field experiments of the twenty-first century     

Martin Körschens  Erhard Albert  Martin Armbruster  Dietmar Barkusky  Michael Baumecker  Lothar Behle-Schalk 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(8):1017-1040

Assembled results from 20 European long-term experiments (LTE), mainly from the first decade of the twenty-first century, are presented. The included LTEs from 17 sites are the responsibility of institutional members of the International Working Group of Long-term Experiments in the IUSS. Between the sites, average annual temperatures differ between 8.1 and 15.3°C, annual precipitation between 450 and 1400 mm, and soil clay contents between 3 and 31%. On average of 350 yield comparisons, combined mineral and organic fertilization resulted in a 6% yield benefit compared with mineral fertilization alone; in the case of winter wheat, the smallest effect was 3%, the largest effect, seen with potatoes, was 9%. All unfertilized treatments are depleted in soil organic carbon (SOC), varying between 0.36 and 2.06% SOC. The differences in SOC in unfertilized plots compared with the respective plots with combined mineral (NPK) and organic (10 t ha^?1 farmyard manure) fertilization range between 0.11 and 0.72%, with an average of 0.3% (corresponding to ～15 t ha^?1). Consequently, the use of arable soils for carbon sequestration is limited and of low relevance and merely depleted soils can temporarily accumulate carbon up to their optimum C content.  相似文献   

Über das Verhalten von 90Sr und 90Y in mitteldeutschen Böden     

Günther Schilling  Dietmar Richter 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(1-3):107-125

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Experimental superinfection of a Lesser Malayan mousedeer (Tragulus javanicus) persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus.     

Antje Semrau  Gudrun Wibbelt  Monika Hilbe  Dietmar Lieckfeldt  Robert Hermes  Kerstin E Müller  Hans P Heckert  Mark J Hoyer  Kai Fr?lich 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2008,39(1):124-127

A Lesser Malayan mousedeer (Tragulus javanicus), persistently infected with noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 1f, was experimentally superinfected with a cytopathogenic isolate of BVDV type 1c, which antigenically partially matched the endogenous strain. Within the observational period of 125 days after superinfection, the animal did not demonstrate any clinical signs of the disease and/or significant changes in blood values. Neutralizing antibodies were detected at 35 and 42 days postinfection. The isolate causing the superinfection was found in feces, nasal swabs, and saliva starting from day 29 and at various times postchallenge. Macroscopic or histologic examination did not reveal mucosal disease-like lesions, despite the detection of the cytopathogenic isolate in the salivary gland, rumen, abomasum, kidney, and superficial prescapular lymph node. Results indicate that the cytopathogenic BVDV strain, which was used in the superinfection, persisted in the viremic animal without causing disease within the observation period.  相似文献   

Simulation of the water and nitrogen balances of forests within a catchment in the northeastern German lowlands     

Hubert?JochheimEmail author  Dietmar?Lüttschwager  Martin?Wegehenkel 《European Journal of Forest Research》2004,123(1):53-61

The simulation model FOREST-BGC was used to calculate the regional water and nitrogen balances of coniferous and deciduous forests within the Stöbber catchment area over a period of 4 years. This catchment area is located in the northeastern German lowlands. The forest inventory database of the Landesforstanstalt Eberswalde served as a basis for the estimation of initial values of the forest stands and the soil conditions. The mean annual precipitation rate of the calculation period was 560 mm a^–1, the overall mean annual rate of the calculated interception loss was 178 mm a^–1. Furthermore, a mean annual transpiration rate of 329 mm a^–1 and a mean annual soil water discharge of 77 mm a^–1 were calculated by the model. The simulation of nitrogen leaching resulted in a mean annual rate of 7 kg N ha^–1 a^–1. Some simulation results are compared with measurements, and the database used for the estimation of the model initial values as well as for the model calibration is discussed. Additionally, an evaluation of the model performance was carried out for the purposes of our study. Due to the results of this evaluation, the model algorithms of the nitrogen turnover processes, especially in the soil, seem to be too simple and inappropriate for a realistic calculation of the nitrogen budget of forest ecosystems.  相似文献   

Purification and characterization of two novel beta-galactosidases from Lactobacillus reuteri     

Nguyen TH  Splechtna B  Steinböck M  Kneifel W  Lettner HP  Kulbe KD  Haltrich D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(14):4989-4998

The intracellular beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) enzymes from two strains of Lactobacillus reuteri, L103 and L461, were purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction, and affinity chromatography. Both enzymes are heterodimers with a molecular mass of 105 kDa, consisting of a 35 kDa subunit and a 72 kDa subunit. Active staining of L. reuteri L103 and L461 beta-gal with 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-d-galactoside showed that the intact enzymes as well as the larger subunits possess beta-galactosidase activity. The isoelectric points of L. reuteri L461 and L103 beta-gal were found to be in the range of 3.8-4.0 and 4.6-4.8, respectively. Both enzymes are most active in the pH range of 6-8; however, they are not stable at pH 8. The L. reuteri beta-galactosidases are activated by various mono- and divalent cations, including Na(+), K(+), and Mn(2+), and are moderately inhibited by their reaction products d-glucose and d-galactose. Because of their origin from beneficial and potentially probiotic lactobacilli, these enzymes could be of interest for the synthesis of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides.  相似文献   

The apparent electrical conductivity as a surrogate variable for predicting earthworm abundances in tilled soils     

Monika Joschko  Robin Gebbers  Dietmar Barkusky  Jens Timmer 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(4):584-590

Noninvasive geophysical methods have a great potential for improving soil‐biological studies at field or regional scales: they enable the rapid acquisition of soil information which may help to identify potential habitats for soil biota. A precondition for this application is the existence of close relationships between geophysical measurements and the soil organism of interest. This study was conducted to determine whether field measurements of apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) are related to abundances of earthworms in tilled soils. Relationships between ECa and earthworm populations were investigated along transects at 42 plots under reduced and conventional tillage at a 74 ha field on sandy‐loam soil in NE Germany. Relations were analyzed with linear‐regression and spatial analysis. The apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) was quantitatively related to earthworm abundances sampled 5 months after the geophysical measurements. No relationship was found, however, in plots under conventional tillage when analyzed separately. If earthworm abundances were known at every other location along the transects and if the state‐space approach was used for analysis, the analysis of ECa measurements and earthworm abundances indicated that 50% of the earthworm samples could have been substituted by ECa measurements. Further research is needed to fully evaluate the potential of ECa measurements for predicting earthworm habitats in tilled soil.  相似文献   

SIMSEPT – ein neues Prognosemodell zum Auftreten von Septoria tritici und Septoria nodorum     

Dietmar Roßberg  Eberhard Kluge  Erich Jörg 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2003,55(1):8-12

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