Estimation of local probabilities for exceeding threshold values in environmental monitoring     

Andreas?Dominik?CullmannEmail author  Joachim?Saborowski 《European Journal of Forest Research》2005,124(1):67-71

Contour or isopleth maps of regionalized variables are widely used in decision making without regard for the inherent uncertainty of interpolated contours. One concept for addressing the accuracy of contours given the data is the computation of the conditional probability of the value being lower than the contour. Two simple techniques for an approximate computation, indicator kriging and approximation by normal distribution quantiles, are applied to immission data. Since the assumption of a stationary underlying process does not seem justifiable, a moving windows technique is adopted.  相似文献   

Combined cryopreservation of canine ejaculates collected at a one-hour interval increases semen doses for artificial insemination without negative effects on post-thaw sperm characteristics     

Dominik Lechner  Jörg Aurich  Sabine Schäfer-Somi  Johannes Herbel  Christine Aurich 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(9):1220-1226

A limiting factor in canine artificial insemination (AI) is the low number of insemination doses obtained per ejaculate. In this study, semen was collected from dogs (n = 28) either once and frozen directly after collection or the same dogs were submitted to a dual semen collection with a 1-hr interval and the two ejaculates were combined for cryopreservation. We hypothesized that combining two ejaculates increases semen doses per cryopreservation process without negative effects on semen characteristics. Total sperm count was lower in semen from a single semen collection in comparison with the combination of the first and second ejaculate of a dual semen collection (p < .001). The percentage of motile and membrane-intact spermatozoa determined by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) in raw semen did not differ between single and combined dual ejaculates and was reduced (p < .001) by cryopreservation to the same extent in single (motility 73.7 ± 1.8%, membrane integrity 65.6 ± 2.2%) and combined dual ejaculates (motility 72.7 ± 2.3%, membrane integrity 64.6 ± 2.5%). The percentage of spermatozoa with morphological defects increased after cryopreservation (p < .001) but was similar in single and combined dual ejaculates. The CASA sperm velocity parameters decreased with cryopreservation (p < .001) but did not differ between single and combined dual ejaculates. The number of insemination doses increased from 2.7 ± 0.4 for single to 4.7 ± 0.8 for combined dual ejaculates (p < .01), based on 100 million motile spermatozoa per frozen-thawed semen dose. In conclusion, combining two ejaculates collected at short interval for one cryopreservation process increases the number of AI doses without compromising semen quality.  相似文献   

Bodenkundliche Untersuchungen an Deckschichten in N-Togo     

Dominik Faust 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1990,153(6):395-401

Pedological Examination of “Covering Layers” (Deckschichten) in Northern Togo “Covering layers” (Deckschichten) in northern Togo occur regularly and are widespread. Their composition varies according to the morphological situation. Only covering layers of the same morphological position are comparable. The uppermost covering layer is a product of subrecent geomorphodynamic activity. The origin of the material is still unknown. The contribution of termites to the genesis of covering layers in N-Togo is insignificant. The covering layer is the parent material of recent soil forming processes. The soils are generally stratified with polycyclic genesis. The composition, the thickness and the number of covering layers are causing the agronomic potential of these soils.  相似文献   

Phosphorus-induced mobilization of colloids: model systems and soils     

K. Ilg    P. Dominik    M. Kaupenjohann  & J. Siemens 《European Journal of Soil Science》2008,59(2):233-246

Increasing the phosphorus (P) saturation of sandy soils may cause an increase in the rate of transport of dissolved P to groundwater. We hypothesize that by increasing sorption of P, soil colloids such as iron (Fe) oxides are also mobilized, because the adsorption of P causes the surface charge to become more negative, which increases the repulsive forces between the colloids and the sand grains, and between the colloids in suspension. Goethite particles adsorbed to fine quartz sand and precipitated goethite coatings on coarse quartz sand were used as model systems to test this hypothesis. Soil samples from a Cambisol Bw horizon and a Gleysol Bg horizon were also investigated. We conducted a series of batch experiments with increasing concentrations of ortho‐P and inositol hexaphosphate (IHP). The adsorption of P and the dispersion of colloids were determined by measuring P, Fe, aluminium and carbon concentrations in supernatants before and after ultracentrifugation. Dispersed colloids were characterized according to their optical density, zeta potential and particle size. The addition of P caused mobilization of goethite and soil colloids when a critical P saturation, corresponding to a zeta potential of about ?20 mV, was exceeded. To induce colloid mobilization in soils, one to two orders of magnitude larger equilibrium concentrations of dissolved P were necessary, compared with those required for the model systems. The adsorption of IHP reduced the zeta potential of colloids more effectively than the adsorption of ortho‐P per mol P. Environmentally significant concentrations of colloidal P (> 0.1 mg P litre^?1) were released from soil samples at equilibrium concentrations of dissolved P < 0.1 mg P litre^?1. We conclude that the sorption and accumulation of P in sandy subsoils that might occur as a result of excessive fertilization might induce the mobilization of colloids and colloidal P.  相似文献   

Maltodextrin and Gum Arabic-Based Microencapsulation Methods for Anthocyanin Preservation in Juçara Palm (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Euterpe edulis</Emphasis> Martius) Fruit Pulp     

Renata Alves Mazuco  Pryscilla Maria Martins Cardoso  Érica Sartório Bindaco  Rodrigo Scherer  Rachel Oliveira Castilho  André Augusto Gomes Faraco  Fabiana Gomes Ruas  Jairo Pinto Oliveira  Marco Cesar Cunegundes Guimarães  Tadeu Uggere de Andrade  Dominik Lenz  Fernão Castro Braga  Denise Coutinho Endringer 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2018,73(3):209-215

The juçara fruits (Euterpe edulis Martius), native to the Atlantic Forest, are rich in anthocyanins. To preserve the anthocyanins in juçara fruit pulp, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of microencapsulation by spray drying and freeze drying with maltodextrin (dextrose equivalent 16.5 to 19.5) and gum arabic in different proportions. The obtained microparticles were characterized by quantifying the total polyphenol and anthocyanin contents, by performing differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and infrared spectroscopy and by using scanning electron microscopy to analyze the morphology of the particles. The total amount of polyphenols in the fruit pulp was 750?±?16.7 mg GAE/100 g of the freeze-dried sample. The total anthocyanins in the fruit pulp was 181.25?±?5.36 (mg/100 g). The microparticles were formed by employing maltodextrin and gum arabic in a 1:1 proportion as the polymeric matrix; the mixtures of pulp and polymeric matrix were prepared in proportions of 2:3 and 2:1, preserving up to 83.69% of the anthocyanin content. Lyophilization of the 2:1 mixture resulted in an anthocyanin content of 116.89?±?4.43 (mg/100 g), whereas lyophilization of the 2:3 mixture resulted in 151.68?±?1.39 (mg/100 g) anthocyanin content, which did not differ from the value obtained by spray drying the 2:3 mixture (150.76?±?5.79 (mg/100 g)). Thermal analyses showed that the microparticles obtained by freeze drying at a ratio of 2:3 presented greater resistance to degradation with increasing temperature. The incorporation of the pulp in the polymeric matrix was demonstrated by IR analyses. Microparticles obtained by freeze drying showed the formation of various-sized flakes, whereas those obtained by spray drying were spherical in shape. Microencapsulation is a possible alternative for improving the stability of the anthocyanins in this fruit.  相似文献   

Functional and Sports-Specific Outcome After Surgical Repair of Rotator Cuff Tears in Rock Climbers     

Michael Simon  Dominik Popp  Christoph Lutter  Volker Schöffl 《The Forestry Chronicle》2017,28(4):342-347

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In vivo imaging reveals novel aspects of retinal disease progression in Rs1h(-/Y) mice but no therapeutic effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition     

Zhour A  Bolz S  Grimm C  Willmann G  Schatz A  Weber BH  Zrenner E  Fischer MD 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2012,15(Z2):123-133

Purpose X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) is the most common juvenile maculopathy in men and is caused by mutations in the gene encoding retinoschisin (RS1). Evidence in the literature on the therapeutic effect of carboanhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) to treat schisis formation in the retina has remained equivocal. Here, we evaluate the effect of the CAI dorzolamide on the structural and functional disease progression in the mouse model for XLRS (Rs1h(-/y) ). Methods Rs1h ( -/y ) mice were treated unilaterally with dorzolamide eye drops (Trusopt(?) 20?mg/mL) every 12?h for 2?weeks starting on postnatal day 14 (n?=?27). Changes of retinal structure were monitored by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain optical coherence tomography 12?h, 14?days, 4?weeks, 2?months, and 6?months after completion of the treatment. Results Schisis formation (peak at 3?months) preceded photoreceptor degeneration and hyper-fluorescence (peak at 7?months). Structural pathology was most severe in the superior hemi-retina with previously unreported hyper-fluorescent lesions. Quantitative analysis showed no significant differences regarding the inner or outer retinal thickness of the treated vs. untreated eyes 12?h after the completion of treatment (IRT(12?h) =?-1.29?±?1.89?μm; ORT(12?h) =?0.61?±?2.08?μm; mean?±?95%CI) or at any later time point. Conclusion Time line analysis after short-term treatment with CAI failed to show short-, intermediate-, or long-term evidence of structural improvement in Rs1h(-/y) mice. Schisis formation in the inner retina peaked at the age of 3?months and was followed by photoreceptor degeneration predominantly in the superior hemi-retina. Previously unreported hyper-fluorescent lesions co-register with structural retinal pathologies.  相似文献   

Effect of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Meloidogyne ethiopica</Emphasis> parasitism on water management and physiological stress in tomato     

Polona Strajnar  Saša Širca  Gregor Urek  Helena Šircelj  Peter Železnik  Dominik Vodnik 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,132(1):49-57

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are obligate endoparasites that severely damage the host root system. Nutrient and water uptake are substantially reduced in infested plants, resulting into altered physiological processes and reduced plant growth. The effect of nematode infestation on the morphological changes of roots and subsequent physiological plant responses of infested tomatoes with the RKN Meloidogyne ethiopica was studied in a pot experiment. Plants were infested with two inoculum densities (10 or 50 eggs per cm³ substrate) and its effect was evaluated 74 and 102 days post inoculation (DPI). Morphological changes and root growth was determined by analysing scanned images of the whole root system. Nematode infestation reduced the portion of fine roots and increased that of coarse roots due to gall formation. Fine roots of non-infested control plants represented around 51% of the area of the whole root system at 74 and 102 DPI. In comparison to controls, plants inoculated with low and high nematode density had 2.1 and 3.2-times lower surface area of fine roots at 102 DPI. Root analyses revealed that plants had a very limited ability to mitigate the effects of the root-knot nematodes infestation by altering root growth. Root galls had a major influence on the hydraulic conductivity of the root system, which was significantly reduced. The low leaf water potential of infested plants coincided with decreased stomatal conductivity, transpiration and photosynthesis. The latter two were reduced by 60–70% when compared to non-infested control plants.  相似文献   

Identification of the Cdc48•20S proteasome as an ancient AAA+ proteolytic machine     

D Barthelme  RT Sauer 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6096):843-846

Proteasomes are the major energy-dependent proteolytic machines in the eukaryotic and archaeal domains of life. To execute protein degradation, the 20S core peptidase combines with the AAA+ ring of the 19S regulatory particle in eukarya or with the AAA+ proteasome-activating nucleotidase ring in some archaea. Here, we find that Cdc48 and 20S from the archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum interact to form a functional proteasome. Cdc48 is an abundant and essential double-ring AAA+ molecular machine ubiquitously present in archaea, where its function has been uncertain, and in eukarya where Cdc48 participates by largely unknown mechanisms in diverse cellular processes, including multiple proteolytic pathways. Thus, proteolysis in collaboration with the 20S peptidase may represent an ancestral function of the Cdc48 family.  相似文献   

European hemp industry: Cultivation, processing and product lines     

Michael Karus  Dominik Vogt 《Euphytica》2004,140(1-2):7-12

Summary Two fibre plants are under cultivation in the European Union – flax on approximately 125,000 ha and hemp on approximately 15,500 ha in the year 2004. Seeds, hurds and especially fibres of hemp are used for further processing. The most important markets for hemp fibres produced in the EU are pulp and paper and the automotive industry. Just under 5% of the EU hemp fibres were used in the construction sector. Approximately 95% the whole production of 40,000 t of the hemp hurds are used as animal bedding and 95% of the estimated 6000 t per year hemp seeds are sold for animal feed, mainly as bird feed.  相似文献