桃蛀螟对青霉菌侵染苹果的产卵选择与行为趋向反应     

石霞  艾莹婷  石芮竹  张民照  王海香  杜艳丽 《植物保护学报》2019,46(2):434-442

为探明桃蛀螟Conogethes punctiferalis偏好于在青霉菌Penicillium侵染的苹果上产卵的特点与机理,从苹果、玉米和柑橘上分离、纯化获得15株青霉菌,通过形态学和rDNA-ITS序列分析鉴定后,以健康苹果为对照,测试不同青霉菌菌株侵染的苹果对桃蛀螟产卵选择的影响,并利用四臂嗅觉仪测试桃蛀螟对青霉菌诱导的苹果挥发物的行为趋向反应。结果表明,15株青霉菌分别属于皮落青霉P. crustosum、橘青霉P. citrinum、苏门答腊青霉P. sumatrense和指状青霉P. digitatum的不同株型;桃蛀螟对其中的12株青霉菌侵染的苹果的产卵选择率均极显著高于健康苹果,尤其对皮落青霉CO5菌株、苏门答腊青霉OR3菌株和指状青霉OR5菌株侵染的苹果的产卵选择率最高,分别达到67.73%、61.50%和68.39%;桃蛀螟对感染皮落青霉CO5菌株和指状青霉OR5菌株的苹果挥发物的选择率分别为31.37%和29.19%,均显著高于对感染橘青霉OR1菌株和苏门答腊青霉OR3菌株的苹果挥发物的选择率18.14%和21.31%,且前二者之间、后二者之间均无显著差异。表明青霉菌可通过影响寄主植物挥发物释放,从而影响桃蛀螟对寄主植物的产卵选择和行为趋向反应。  相似文献   

Maize defence mechanisms against the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)     

Filip Franeta  Sanja Mikić  Željko Milovac  Bojan Mitrović  Dušanka Inđić  Slavica Vuković 《国际虫害防治杂志》2019,65(1):23-32

Maize is arguably the most widely grown crop in the world, but it is often associated with one of its major insect pests, the European corn borer (ECB). The damage caused by this species to maize production is generally variable, but in many cases it is economically significant. This review paper provides an overview of the research findings on the natural plant defence mechanisms against ECB larvae published till now. What is resistance and how it is achieved, what is the chemical response of maize plants to insect feeding and how tolerance can be increased. A short introduction in breeding for resistance and a discussion if the mentioned traits can be used in conventional breeding in order to create maize hybrids less affected by ECB are given.  相似文献   

青藏高原高寒荒漠地带与寒冷干旱核心区域     

郑度  赵东升 《干旱区研究》2019,36(1):1-6

青藏高原高寒荒漠地带位于高原主体西北部地势最高的部分。该区域气候极其寒冷干燥,属于高原亚寒带,高山高原地貌多被横向断陷盆地所切割;多年冻土发育,冰缘作用普遍;自然过程年青,高山寒漠土壤浅薄;生物区系成分交错,高寒荒漠景观突出;生态环境脆弱,需加大自然保护建设与管理。高寒荒漠地带腹地为寒冷干旱核心区域,是全球高原高山区域,具有独特地位的地生态格局。  相似文献   

Incidence,risk factors,and outcomes for early postoperative seizures in dogs with rostrotentorial brain tumors after intracranial surgery     

Rell L. Parker  John Du  Richard L. Shinn  Adam G. Drury  Fang&#x;Chi Hsu  John L. Roberston  Thomas E. Cecere  Avril U. Arendse  John H. Rossmeisl 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2022,36(2):694

BackgroundSeizures in the early postoperative period after intracranial surgery may affect outcome in dogs.ObjectivesTo determine the incidence of early postoperative seizures (EPS) in dogs with brain tumors, identify specific risk factors for EPS, and determine if EPS affects outcome.AnimalsEighty‐eight dogs that underwent 125 intracranial surgeries for diagnosis and treatment of rostrotentorial brain tumors.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. All patients with a diagnosis of rostrotentorial brain tumor from 2006 to 2020 were included. Early postoperative seizures were diagnosed by observation of seizure activity within 14 days of neurosurgery. Previously diagnosed structural epilepsy, perioperative anticonvulsant drug (ACD) use, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and tumor characteristics were evaluated. Outcome measures included neurologic and nonneurologic complications, duration of hospitalization, and survival to discharge.ResultsDogs with rostrotentorial brain tumors had EPS after 16/125 (12.8%) neurosurgical procedures (95% confidence interval [CI], 7%‐19%). Presence of previous structural epilepsy was not associated with EPS risk (P = 1). Perioperative ACD use also was not associated with EPS (P = .06). Dogs with EPS had longer hospitalization (P < .001), were more likely to have neurologic complications postsurgery (P = .01), and were less likely to survive to discharge (P = .01).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIt is difficult to predict which dogs are at risk of EPS because the presence of previous structural epilepsy and the use of perioperative ACDs was not associated with EPS. However, seizures in the early postoperative period are clinically important because affected dogs had prolonged hospitalization, more neurologic complications, and decreased short‐term survival.  相似文献   

基于CRISPR/Cas9技术的水稻miR1866突变体构建     

彭廷  金玉蔓  赵亚帆  赵晨云  杜想想  王童童  杜彦修  李俊周  孙虎威  赵全志 《分子植物育种》2021,19(6):1902-1909

microRNA (miRNA)是长度为18～25个碱基的非编码单链RNA,在植物生长发育过程中起着重要的调节作用.水稻是世界上重要的粮食作物之一,近年来调控水稻生长发育的miRNA不断被发掘,但目前关于miR 1866的研究还比较少.本研究通过构建miR1866的CRISPR/Cas9表达载体,创制miR1866的突...  相似文献   

pH值和Ca~（2＋）浓度对日本沼虾生长和能量收支的影响   总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19  

董双林  堵甫山  赖伟 《水产学报》1994,(2)

本文报道了不同ｐＨ值（６．５、７．５和８．５）和不同Ｃａ２＋浓度（３８．８．６１．１和７８．８ｐｐｍ）对日本沼虾生长和能量收支的影响。实验结果表明，ｐＨ值对该虾的生长有一定的影响，Ｃａ２＋和ｐＨ值在影响其生长的过程中可能有一定的交互作用。ｐＨ值和Ｃａ２＋对该虾生长的影响主要是通过影响其能量摄入量实现的。本实验条件下，该虾摄入的能量平均有１５．８％用于生长，１．８％作为粪便排出体外，其余用于呼吸和排泄。  相似文献   

草鱼肾组织细胞系CIK的建立及其生物学特性   总被引：20，自引：3，他引：20  

左文功  钱华鑫  许映芳  杜森英  杨先乐 《水产学报》1986,10(1):10-17

作者于1982年1月开始进行草鱼肾组织单层细胞培养，至今已连续培养32个月，传至120多代，建立了细胞系，定名为草鱼肾组织细胞系(CIK)。本文介绍了原代和传代培养、细胞形态、细胞生长速度和分裂指数、细胞的保存和对温度的适应性、细胞染色体分析以及细胞系对病毒敏感性的试验和研究结果。CIK生长迅速、适应性强、以20℃-38℃生长较好，28℃左右生长稳定，pH为6．5时仍能保持致密单层，染色体数为非整倍体，众数为55。对草鱼出血病左右病毒FRV具敏感性。  相似文献   

Effects of dietary protein to energy ratios on growth,body composition and digestive enzyme activities in Chinese mitten‐handed crab,Eriocheir sinensis          下载免费PDF全文

Yanyan Cui  Qianqian Ma  Samwel Mchele Limbu  Zhenyu Du  Nannan Zhang  Erchao Li  Liqiao Chen 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(5):2243-2252

This study aimed to determine the optimal protein to energy ratio (P/E ratio) and evaluate the effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth performance, body composition and digestive enzymes activities in Chinese mitten‐handed crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Nine practical diets containing three levels both for protein (DP 30%, 35% and 40%) and lipid (DL 2%, 7% and 12%) with P/E ratios ranging from 13.69 to 19.79 mg KJ^?1 were fed to four replicates of crabs (3.39 ± 0.10 g) for 10 weeks. Weight gain increased significantly with the increase in DP level at each DL level. Moreover, weight gain increased in crabs fed with diets containing DL level from 2% to 12% and DP level from 30% to 35%. However, the diet containing 40% DP and 12% DL levels significantly decreased the growth performance and protein efficiency of the crabs. The whole crab and hepatopancreas lipid contents also increased as dietary lipid increased, but not dietary protein. The total protease activity increased significantly with the increase in dietary protein at each lipid level. The lipase activity was statistically comparable among different DL levels at each DP level. Taken together, the crab fed the diet containing 35% protein and 12% lipid levels with P/E 15.77 mg KJ^?1 revealed optimal growth, feed utilization efficiency and digestive enzymes activities. Moreover, our study indicated that the higher dietary lipid level at a relatively lower dietary protein level could provide protein sparing effect in Eriocheir sinensis.  相似文献   

Transport‐induced changes in hypothalamic–pituitary–interrenal axis gene expression and oxidative stress responses in Coilia nasus          下载免费PDF全文

Fukuan Du  Gangchun Xu  Jinwei Gao  Zhijuan Nie  Pao Xu  Ruobo Gu 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(11):3599-3607

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口服特异性卵黄抗体对凡纳滨对虾抗WSSV感染的免疫保护效果          下载免费PDF全文

王仁宝  王一婷  张惠芬  宋晓玲  万晓媛  谢国驷  史成银 《渔业科学进展》2022,43(4):226-233

为探讨特异性卵黄抗体对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)抗白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus, WSSV)的免疫保护机制及效果,本研究以添加不同剂量WSSV卵黄抗体制剂(0、0.2%和0.5%)的饲料投喂凡纳滨对虾幼虾,免疫28 d后使用WSSV进行人工感染,测定感染对虾的肝胰腺免疫酶活力和免疫基因表达水平,以及感染后14 d内对虾的存活率。结果显示,WSSV感染3 d后,与未添加卵黄抗体制剂的对照组相比,0.2%免疫组对虾肝胰腺的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和酚氧化酶(PO)活力显著升高,酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活力显著降低,热休克蛋白70基因(Hsp70)表达水平显著升高,凝集素基因(lectin)和β-1,3-葡聚糖结合蛋白–脂蛋白基因(β-GBP-HDL)表达水平显著降低;0.5%免疫组对虾肝胰腺的SOD活力显著升高,ACP和AKP活力显著降低,Hsp70基因表达水平显著升高,β-GBP-HDL基因表达水平显著降低。人工感染实验结果显示,WSSV感染14 d后,0.2%和0.5%免疫组对虾的存活率分别为48.89%和87.78%,均显著高于对照组(存活率为0),且0.5%免疫组对虾存活率显著高于0.2%免疫组。特异性卵黄抗体制剂能在一定程度上改变发病的进程,延迟对虾的发病和死亡时间,提高同期存活率。研究表明,口服特异性卵黄抗体制剂可以调节对虾肝胰腺免疫酶活力和免疫基因表达水平,显著提高凡纳滨对虾抗WSSV感染的能力。本研究为卵黄抗体抗WSSV感染机制的研究提供了参考,也为在生产上使用卵黄抗体防控WSSV感染提供了科学依据。  相似文献