The effects on cow performance and calf birth and weaning weight of replacing grass silage with brewers grains in a barley straw diet offered to pregnant beef cows of two different breeds          下载免费PDF全文

J. A. Rooke  C.‐A. Duthie  J. J. Hyslop  C. A. Morgan  T. Waterhouse 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(4):629-636

The effects on cow and calf performance of replacing grass silage with brewers grains in diets based on barley straw and fed to pregnant beef cows are reported. Using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of breed and diet, cows pregnant by artificial insemination (n = 34) of two breeds (cross‐bred Limousin, n = 19 and pure‐bred Luing, n = 15) were fed diets ad libitum which consisted of either (g/kg dry matter) barley straw (664) and grass silage (325; GS) or barley straw (783) and brewers grains (206, BG) and offered as total mixed rations. From gestation day (GD) 168 until 266, individual daily feed intakes were recorded and cow body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) measured weekly. Calving date, calf sex, birth and weaning BW, and calf age at weaning were also recorded. Between GD 168 and 266, cross‐bred Limousin cows gained more weight than Luing cows (p < 0.05) and cows offered BG gained more weight than cows offered GS (p < 0.001). Luing cows lost more BCS than cross‐bred Limousin cows (p < 0.05), but diet did not affect BCS. There were no differences in dry matter intake as a result of breed or diet. Calf birth BW, however, was greater for cows fed BG than GS (44 vs. 38 kg, SEM 1.0, p < 0.001) with no difference between breeds. At weaning, calves born to BG‐fed cows were heavier than those born to GS‐fed cows (330 vs. 286 kg, SEM 9.3, p < 0.01). In conclusion, replacement of grass silage with brewers grains improved the performance of beef cows and increased calf birth and weaning BW. Further analysis indicated that the superior performance of cows offered the BG diet was most likely due to increases in protein supply which may have improved both energy and protein supply to the foetus.  相似文献   

Models of the response of foliar parasites to the combined effects of temperature and duration of wetness     

Duthie JA 《Phytopathology》1997,87(11):1088-1095

  相似文献   

Toxic groundnut meal in feeds for pigs. A trial made at two laboratories with pigs from about 40 to 200 lb. live-weight fed to a restricted scale     

I F Duthie  M C Lancaster  J Taylor  D C Thomas  C A Shacklady  P H Attfield  E Fuller-Lewis 《The Veterinary record》1966,79(22):621-625

  相似文献   

Rates and processes of mineral weathering in soils developed on greywackes and shales in the Southern Uplands of Scotland     

D. C. Bain  D. M. L. Duthie  C. M. Thomson 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(3):1069-1074

Critical loads of acid deposition are exceeded in parts of the Southern Uplands of Scotland where base saturation in the topmost mineral horizons in many soils developed on greywackes and shales is <10%. Long-term weathering rates calculated by the elemental depletion method from nine soil profiles across a 200 km transect indicate losses of base cations in the range 4–31 meq m^?2a^?1. In every profile the most depleted base cation is Mg which is directly related to the weathering of chlorite which is often present at the 20–40% level in basal horizons but is often completely weathered out in E horizons. The second most depleted base cation is usually K, and this is clearly related to the weathering of mica to a vermiculitic mineral which, in the clay fractions, contains polymeric hydroxyaluminium in the interlamellar space if the soil pH is >4.3. The base cation least depleted is Ca and this is in sharp contrast to current weathering rates calculated from input-output budgets where Ca is the main base cation being exported. This discrepancy may be due to a contribution to the output from easily soluble Ca-bearing minerals (e.g. calcite) in narrow veins and fractures in the bedrock.  相似文献   

Streptococcal meningitis in pigs     

H J Guise  R H Penny  A N Duthie 《The Veterinary record》1985,117(2):43-44

  相似文献   

Optical pulse of a periodic radio star     

Duthie JG  Sturch C  Hafner EM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1968,160(3826):415-416

The pulsating radio star reported by Hewish et al. (1) has been studied in the blue region of the optical spectrum and found to have a pulse amplitude less than 10 percent of the photon count expected for 18th magnitude. No upper limit to a sinusoidal oscillation less than or equal to a complete modulation can be set.  相似文献   

Organophosphorus residues in wool grease resulting from specified on-farm lice and flystrike control treatments     

BJ HORTON  DJ BEST  LG BUTLER  GG GREGORY 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(7):500-503

Objective To investigate wool organophosphorus concentrations resulting from a range of farm pesticide application methods.
Design Random sampling of wool for pesticide residues and on-farm interviews to determine associated treatments.
Procedure Tasmanian fleece wool lots were sampled at random and tested for organophosphorus residues. The grower was identified and the pesticide treatments applied to the sheep were ascertained by on-farm interview.
Results The residue concentrations showed a large variation that was not accounted for by differences in treatments by growers. Organophosphorus concentrations were proportional to the number of treatments applied, and inversely related to the time between pesticide application and the subsequent shearing, and were significantly influenced by the method of application. After allowing for the time of application, plunge dipping resulted in pesticide residue concentrations 2 to 2.5 times greater than shower dipping, using spray races or hand jetting, and the use of these methods caused larger residues than the use of jetting races.
Conclusions We recommend that plunge or shower dipping should not be used more than 7 weeks after shearing, nor at higher concentration than the standard dose rate used for lice control, whereas jetting may be satisfactory for up to 7 months after shearing, provided only one application is administered.  相似文献   

Increased indices of lipid peroxidation in stress-susceptible pigs and effects of vitamin E     

G G Duthie  J R Arthur  F Nicol  M Walker 《Research in veterinary science》1989,46(2):226-230

When stress-susceptible and stress-resistant pigs consumed diets containing 10 iu vitamin E kg-1, the stress-susceptible pigs had damaged cell membranes. This was indicated by increased plasma activities of creatine kinase and pyruvate kinase. Plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and conjugated dienes were also increased suggesting that the membrane damage was caused by free radicals. Susceptibility to free radicals was further demonstrated by an increased tendency for erythrocytes and tissue homogenates from stress-susceptible pigs to peroxidise when incubated with hydrogen peroxide and iron, respectively. Supplementation of the diets with approximately 20 times normal requirements of vitamin E decreased plasma creatine kinase and pyruvate kinase activities, and inhibited the formation of the indices of peroxidation in vivo and in vitro. It is concluded that the stress-susceptible pig has an abnormality in its antioxidant defence mechanisms. However, this abnormality was not due to a deficiency in selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, since activities were significantly increased in the longissimus dorsi of stress-susceptible pigs. Although the nature of the antioxidant defect is unclear, it is suggested that stress-susceptible pigs are under a sustained oxidant stress and that a decreased ability to accommodate even a normal free radical load may contribute to the rapid development of the fatal stress response.  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEW     

GG ARZEY  KE ARZEY 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(12):461-461

  相似文献   

Determination of flavonol metabolites in plasma and tissues of rats by HPLC-radiocounting and tandem mass spectrometry following oral ingestion of [2-(14)C]quercetin-4'-glucoside   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mullen W  Graf BA  Caldwell ST  Hartley RC  Duthie GG  Edwards CA  Lean ME  Crozier A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(23):6902-6909

Epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of flavonol-rich diets decreases the risk of developing heart disease and certain cancers. Recent studies have detected flavonol conjugates in blood and urine following various dietary interventions. To assess to what extent flavonols also accumulate in tissues, where they might be expected to exert anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic effects, [2-(14)C]quercetin-4'-glucoside was synthesized and fed to rats. After 60 min, 93.6% of the ingested radioactivity was recovered from the intestine, incorporated into 18 metabolites that had undergone deglycosylation followed by varying degrees of glucuronidation, methylation, and/or sulfation. [(14)C]Quercetin, the aglycon of the radiolabeled substrate, was present in the intestine and in trace amounts in the liver but was not detected in the plasma and kidneys. The original [2-(14)C]quercetin-4'-glucoside was detected exclusively in the intestine, where it accounted for only 26.2% of the radioactivity. The remainder of the recovered radioactivity was located mainly in the plasma, liver, and kidneys as (14)C-labeled metabolites. However, compared to the quantities in the gastrointestinal tract, the levels of metabolites in plasma and body tissues were very low, indicating only limited absorption into the blood stream. The data demonstrate that quercetin-4'-glucoside, which is a major flavonol in onions, undergoes rapid and extensive metabolism in the intestine, and this appears not to be associated to any extent with transport across the gut wall into the blood stream.  相似文献