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Chemical composition of grape canes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Emine Sema Çetin Duygu AltinözEcehan Tarçan Nilgün Göktürk Baydar 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(1):994-998
In this study, chemical composition of canes which were sampled from ten different grape cultivars was investigated. For the determination of total phenolics, total flavanols and total flavonol contents, canes were analyzed spectrophotometrically. The phenolic compositions of the canes, including caffeic acid, catechin, p-coumaric acid, epicatechin, gallic acid, luteolin and trans-resveratrol were detected by HPLC. The anthron method was used for the determination of total carbohydrate content. The minerals such as K, P, Ca, Fe, Mg and Zn were determined by ICP-OES. All the parameters investigated in this study significantly changed depending on the cultivar. The results showed that grape canes as agricultural wastes from commercial viticultural activities represent a potentially important source of phenolics, minerals, carbohydrates and proteins. Therefore the grape canes may be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants and food supplement. 相似文献
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Duygu Kilic Hamdi Güray Kutbay Tuğba Ozbucak Rena Huseyinova 《Annals of Forest Science》2010,67(2):213-213
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Kerem Koseoglu Alper Adak Duygu Sari Hatice Sari F. Oncu Ceylan Cengiz Toker 《Euphytica》2017,213(6):116
Wild Cicer species are considered to be more resistant for biotic and abiotic stresses than that of the cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Alien genes conferring resistance for biotic and abiotic stresses can be transferred from wild Cicer species to the cultivated chickpea but success in interspecific hybridizations has already been achieved with only two wild Cicer species. The current study was undertaken to compare fruitful heterosis in F2 and F3 for yield and yield criteria and to identify transgressive segregation in F2 and F3 in reciprocal interspecific crosses between C. arietinum and C. reticulatum Ladiz. We define fruitful heterosis as a useful parameter that can be used instead of residual heterosis. Considerable fruitful heterosis in F2 and F3 was found for number of seeds, pods per plant, biological yield, and seed yield. Maximum values of most of the characteristics in F2 and F3 were higher than that of the best parent indicating that superior progeny could be selected for yield from transgressive segregation. Progeny selection should be based on number of seeds, pods per plant, and biological yield since these characteristics had the highest direct effect on seed yield. The narrow sense heritability was found to be the highest for 100-seed weight. It was suggested that the cultivated chickpea could be used as female parent in interspecific hybridization to increase yield and yield criteria since progeny in F2 and F3 had better performance when it was used as female. In conclusion, interspecific hybridization of wild and cultivated chickpea can be used to improve yield and yield components and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses as well. 相似文献
24.
Gene effects of Cicer reticulatum on qualitative and quantitative traits in the cultivated chickpea
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The gene effects of Cicer reticulatum on both double‐podding as qualitative traits and yield criteria as quantitative traits in interspecific hybridization with cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum) have not yet been elucidated, despite the easy acquisition of hybrid progeny between two species. This study sought to answer three questions concerning qualitative and quantitative traits in reciprocal crosses between C. arietinum and C. reticulatum. (i) Is there a similarity in the gene effects of flower colour, pigmentation and double‐podded traits in reciprocal interspecific crosses? (ii) What are the expressivity and penetrance of the double‐podded trait in interspecific crosses? (iii) Which heterosis predicts the occurrence and the extent of transgressive variation? The materials for this study were F1, F2 and F3 progeny derived from a reciprocal cross between C. arietinum and C. reticulatum. As qualitative traits, purple flower colour, pigmentation and single‐podded traits in C. reticulatum were governed by a dominant single gene. Purple flower colour and pigmentation were detected to be linked traits as all progeny had the same phenotypes. As quantitative traits, yield criteria in progeny which were double‐podded had higher values than the single‐podded counterparts. Expressivity and penetrance of the double‐podding trait were superior in progeny derived from C. reticulatum × C. arietinum. The results showed that fruitful heterosis was more useful than residual heterosis in F3 as residual heterosis was mostly negative and fruitful heterosis was suggested in self‐pollinated species such as chickpea that lacks inbreeding depression. Interspecific transgression was significant with respect to chickpea improvement because it represented a potential source of novel genetic variation. 相似文献
25.
Budak NH Kumbul Doguc D Savas CM Seydim AC Kok Tas T Ciris MI Guzel-Seydim ZB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(12):6638-6644
Red delicious apples were used to produce natural apple cider with and without inclusion of maceration. Traditional surface and industrial submersion methods were then applied to make vinegar from apple ciders. Apple cider vinegar samples produced with inclusion of maceration in the surface method had the highest total phenolic content, chlorogenic acid, ORAC, and TEAC levels. Cholesterol and apple vinegar samples were administered using oral gavage to all groups of rats except the control group. Apple cider vinegars, regardless of the production method, decreased triglyceride and VLDL levels in all groups when compared to animals on high-cholesterol diets without vinegar supplementation. Apple cider vinegars increased total cholesterol and HDL and LDL cholesterol levels and decreased liver function tests when compared to animals on a high-cholesterol diet without vinegar supplementation. A high-cholesterol diet resulted in hepatic steatosis. VSBM and VSB groups significantly decreased steatosis. 相似文献
26.
Nur Koçberber Kılıç Sevgi Ertuğrul Karatay Ergin Duygu Gönül Dönmez 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,222(1-4):297-303
In this study, Gonium sp. was investigated for possible usage in dye-containing wastewater treatment. Trials were performed in media including triacontanol hormone, Reactive Orange 14, Reactive Red 120, Reactive Black 5, Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR), and also hormone against the controls. Algae could remove RBBR with the highest dye removal percentage (56%) among the tested dyes. The optimum pH was 9 in removing 50 mg L?1 RBBR at a dye removal percentage of 47.1%. The role of laccase activity of Gonium sp. was also investigated. This first attempt in the literature showed the involvement of the enzyme in the algal growth and bioremoval process. In the presence of the plant growth hormone in the culture, the activity showed a steady and significant increase up to nearly sixfold between 5th and 14th days of incubation. 相似文献
27.
Fatma Oncu Ceylan Hatice Sari Duygu Sari Alper Adak Fedai Erler Cengiz Toker 《Phytoparasitica》2018,46(5):635-643
The chickpea leaf miner, Liriomyza cicerina (Rondani) (Diptera: Agromyzidae), is an important pest of cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). A 2-year field study was carried out to screen a total of 126 Cicer germplasm for resistance to the leaf miner during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Resistance was evaluated using a visual scale of 1–9, where 1?=?highly resistant and 9?=?very highly susceptible under natural infestation conditions. The results showed that two C. arietinum accessions, ILC 3397 and Sierra, had a score of 9 on the scale, being very highly susceptible. Three germplasm, one mutant (3304) and two breeding lines (LMR 140 and LMR 160) of C. arietinum, were found to be highly resistant with the scores ranging from 1.5 to 2 for resistance to the leaf miner. The mutant, 3304, was detected for the first time in this study as a highly leaf miner-resistant mutant of the cultivated chickpeas while the other two breeding lines had been previously reported as highly resistant against the leaf miner. In addition, two mutants and 14 breeding lines of C. arietinum and two mutants and one germplasm of C. reticulatum were identified as resistant having the scores from 2.1 to 3 on the 1–9 scale. The results suggest that these resistant germplasm may add a new dimension to chickpea breeding programs because they possess valuable traits for resistance against the pest. The resistant chickpeas that can be grown without using pesticides are important as environmental protection and reliable food source for human health. 相似文献
28.
In the second half of the nineteenth century, intensive renovation of vineyards took place due to the losses caused by phylloxera and local varieties were mostly replaced by several worldwide cultivars. Shift in genotypic structure in favor of modern cultivars resulted in the decrease or even disappearance of regionally typical local varieties. A total of sixty five Turkish grape genotypes, including 5 references (four cultivars and one rootstock), were genotyped with 16 SSR and 15 SRAP markers. Sixteen SSR primers generated a total of 60 SSR amplicons in which 43 were polymorphic with 73.4% average polymorphism percentage. A total of 111 well-resolved clear DNA bands were obtained from 15 SRAP primers. Of these bands, 53 were highly polymorphic with an average of 47.74%. Cluster analysis based on pooled marker data generated a well resolved grouping pattern. The analyzed genotypes grouped basing on their geographical belongings. There were many cultivar pairs on the dendrogram most of which occurred between 0.75 and 0.90 levels. SSR and SRAP data revealed a wide genetic variability as well as certain synonyms among the historical grape varieties cultivated for decades in local vineyards lengthwise the mountainous regions of Konya, Karaman and Mersin provinces. All the genotypes have been maintained in a grapevine germplasm glasshouse. Preservation and use of these endangered genotypes will be helpful to avoid genetic erosion and diversity loss in this part of Turkey. Also, the molecular data generated in this study could be of great use in determining the optimal breeding strategies to allow continued progress in grapevine breeding. 相似文献
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Effect of high temperature treatment on the mechanical properties of birch (Betula papyrifera) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sándor Poncsák Duygu Kocaefe Mohamed Bouazara Andre Pichette 《Wood Science and Technology》2006,40(8):647-663
The thermal treatment of wood is an alternative to the chemical treatment for preservation purposes. The heat treatment process improves wood’s resistance to decay and its dimensional stability. However, mechanical strength decreases as a result of heat treatment. Therefore, the treatment parameters have to be optimized to keep this loss at a minimum while improving other properties. Thermal treatment is new in North America, and its parameters are not yet adjusted for the Canadian species. Carrying out the parameter adjustment in an industrial furnace requires many trials which are costly in terms of material and man-power. A laboratory study was carried out to determine the effect of different parameters of the heat treatment on the mechanical properties of birch in order to optimize this process. A thermogravimetric analyzer was built to carry out the laboratory tests. The impact of the process parameters–such as maximum treatment temperature, holding time at this temperature, heating rate, and gas humidity–on the mechanical properties of birch was investigated. Temperature distributions in wood and in gas as well as the weight loss of wood were measured during the experiments. Afterwards, hardness, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and resistance to screw withdrawal of the samples were measured. The relation between the process parameters and the resulting mechanical properties was examined. 相似文献