Ersahrungen bei der Arfenbekämpfung des Kiefernspanners in biologischer und technischer Hinsicht     

Dr. Friebrich Borchers  Dr. Eduard May 《European Journal of Forest Research》1930,52(18):744-757

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Die Einwirkung eines Buchen- und Fichtenunterbaus auf den Bodenzuftand und die Zuwachsleiftung von Kiefernbeft?nden     

Eduard Kmonitzek 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1930,52(23):913-928

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Gene expression profiling of porcine mammary epithelial cells after challenge with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro     

Alexandra Jaeger  Danilo Bardehle  Michael Oster  Juliane Günther  Eduard Muráni  Siriluck Ponsuksili  Klaus Wimmers  Nicole Kemper 《Veterinary research》2015,46(1)

Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome (PDS) represents a considerable health problem of postpartum sows, primarily indicated by mastitis and lactation failure. The poorly understood etiology of this multifactorial disease necessitates the use of the porcine mammary epithelial cell (PMEC) model to identify how and to what extent molecular pathogen defense mechanisms prevent bacterial infections at the first cellular barrier of the gland. PMEC were isolated from three lactating sows and challenged with heat-inactivated potential mastitis-causing pathogens Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) for 3 h and 24 h, in vitro. We focused on differential gene expression patterns of PMEC after pathogen challenge in comparison with the untreated control by performing microarray analysis. Our results show that a core innate immune response of PMEC is partly shared by E. coli and S. aureus. But E. coli infection induces much faster and stronger inflammatory response than S. aureus infection. An immediate and strong up-regulation of genes encoding cytokines (IL1A and IL8), chemokines (CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL6) and cell adhesion molecules (VCAM1, ICAM1, and ITGB3) was explicitly obvious post-challenge with E. coli inducing a rapid recruitment and activation of cells of host defense mediated by IL1B and TNF signaling. In contrast, S. aureus infection rather induces the expression of genes encoding monooxygenases (CYP1A1, CYP3A4, and CYP1B1) initiating processes of detoxification and pathogen elimination. The results indicate that the course of PDS depends on the host recognition of different structural and pathogenic profiles first, which critically determines the extent and effectiveness of cellular immune defense after infection.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0178-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Voraussetzungen für eine Laborzucht der echten Möhrenfliege,Psila rosae Fabr.     

Eduard Naton 《Journal of pest science》1966,39(6):85-89

Summary In this paper a method for rearingPsila rosae is described. For oviposition the imagines are cultured at room temperature in cages containing moist filter paper at the bottom, furthermore the well described oviposition places, and a food place and a water place at the ceiling. A mixture of sugar, casein-hydrolysate, yeast, saltmixture and water serves as food. The eggs may be collected three times during the week by washing out with water and are stored at room temperature in little embryo dishes. The newly hatched larvae must be cultured in little Petri dishes at 15°C, fed with pieces of carrot. It is necessary to make a little hole for each larva on the underside of the carrot piece and to shove the larvae in the holes. Furthermore a layer of moist sand under the carrot pieces is necessary. Mould and bacterial decay are the most dangerous facts which have to be observed. From heavy moulded carrot pieces the larvae must be taken out and put on new pieces. Fullgrown larvae pupate in the sand, from where they may be collected. Only if the sand is to moist or to little, the larvae go back into the piece for pupating. In this case you must remove the pupa, which is more riskfull than taking out a larva. The collected pupae are stored in a Petri dish on moist sand at 15°C. The paper finishes with some remarks about the diapause and the possibility for its prevention.

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Résumé Dans ce travail précédent une méthode de l'élevage dePsila rosae est décrite. Pour la ponte des oeufs les adultes sont tenus á température de chambre dans des cages, dont le fond est couvert avec du papier à filtrer; en outre ils contiennent les lieux bien décrits de la ponte des oeufs et au plafond une place avec la nourriture aussi bien qu'avec de l'eau. Comme nourriture sert un mélange de sucre, de casein hydrolysé, de la levure, des sels et de l'eau. Les oeufs peuvent être recoltés trois fois par semaine par rincage à l'eau et sont gardés à température de chambre dans des petites cuvettes. Les larves, qui viennent d'éclore, doivent être gardées dans des cuvettes Petri à 15°C et sont nourries avec des pièces de carotte. Pour adapter la nourriture, chaque larve doit être poussée séparement dans un petit trou qui se trouve au côté inférieur de la piéce de carotte. En outre il faut une couche de sable mouillé au dessous. La moississure et la dêcomposition bactérielle sont les facteurs les plus dangereux pour l'élevage. C'est pourquoi il faut toujours bien surveiller les piéces de carotte. Quand elles se moisissent trop, les larves doivent être enlevées et mis dans des piéces fraîches. Les larves, qui sont mûres à se transformer en chrysalides, sortent des carottes et se cachent dans le sable, ou on peut les recolter. Quand il n'y a pas assez de sable ou quand celui-ci est trop mouillé, les larves rentrent dans les pièces de carotte. Dans ce cas il faut les chrysalides préparer soigneusement de là. En tout cas la préparation des chrysalides est plus difficile que celle des larves. Les chrysalides sont gardées à 15°C dans des cuvettes Petri, placées sur du sable mouillé. Le travail conclut avec quelques remarques sur la diapause des chrysalides et sur la possibilité, comment on peut l'empêcher.

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Aspergillus niger,the causal agent of black mould disease in date fruits,infects and colonizes flowers and young fruitlets     

Yuval Cohen  Ran Shulhani  Yehuda Rot  Hanita Zemach  Eduard Belausov  Maayan Grinberg-Baran  Menachem Borenstein  Shimon Pivonia  David Ezra  Dani Shtienberg 《Plant pathology》2021,70(5):1195-1208

Black mould, caused by Aspergillus niger, is the main fungal disease affecting date fruits. Symptoms develop inside the fruit, at the inner space between the pulp and the seed. This study focuses on the aetiology of black mould disease in Medjoul fruit. We followed symptom appearance naturally and after artificial A. niger inoculation at different development and maturity stages. Symptoms developed in only a short period during early fruit ripening. However, fruits were commonly colonized at earlier stages of development. Artificial inoculation of flowers and setting fruitlets increased the level of fruit colonization, while fungicide spraying at these stages decreased colonization. Several weeks following flower inoculation by A. niger, mycelium could be detected on degenerating stigmas and carpels as well as between the fruit and the calyx. Following inoculation with an A. niger strain expressing green fluorescent protein (A. niger^GFP), the pathogen was detected on stigmas of setting fruitlets but not within the stigmatic tissue or the transmitting tract of the carpel. The A. niger^GFP strain was detected during fruit development below the base of the large fruitlets and above the calyx surrounding the vascular bundle leading into the fruit. The results suggest that A. niger can infect and colonize flowers and setting fruitlets, grows on the degenerating carpels, and remains latent at a protected site at the base of the fruit until ripening. It then induces the typical black mould symptoms. The significance of these results for developing means to cope with the disease is discussed.  相似文献   

Identification and characterization of Phoma tracheiphila mutants impaired in pathogenicity following Agrobacterium-mediated mutagenesis     

Tammy Kroitor-Keren  Orna Liarzi  Tami Gat  Julia Skovorodnikova  Eduard Belausov  David Ezra 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(4):491-502

Mal secco disease, caused by the pathogenic fungus Phoma tracheiphila, is a devastating disease of susceptible citrus species, especially lemon. To study the molecular interactions between the pathogen and its host, a method for identifying the genes involved in pathogenicity is needed. This work describes the transformation of P. tracheiphila phialoconidia by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the generation of mutated P. tracheiphila isolates exhibiting reduced virulence on rough lemon seedlings. A rapid, replicable, and reliable method for screening P. tracheiphila mutants to assess their virulence by using rough lemon seedlings was developed. Among 2263 transformants obtained, three were non-virulent and 43 displayed reduced virulence. In addition, one of the transformants, which exhibited virulence similar to that of the wild type, was used for in planta visualization of the fungus progression through the plant xylem. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation of P. tracheiphila, and subsequent screening of the transformants to identify non-virulent mutants.  相似文献   

Der Waidmann an den blastrten Städter     

Paulus  Eduard 《European Journal of Forest Research》1864,8(1):1-2

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Potential toxicity of cyanogenic glycoside amygdalin and bitter apricot seed in rabbits—Health status evaluation     

Eva Kovacikova  Anton Kovacik  Marek Halenar  Katarina Tokarova  Lubica Chrastinova  Lubomir Ondruska  Rastislav Jurcik  Eduard Kolesar  Jozef Valuch  Adriana Kolesarova 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(2):695-703

Amygdalin is one of the most studied secondary metabolites of Prunus genus. It is a cyanogenic glycoside which was initially obtained from the bitter almonds seeds and is a major component of the seeds of plants, such as apricots, almonds, peaches, apples and other rosaceous plants. The views of scientists on the use of amygdalin have been contradictory for many years, partly because toxicokinetics and metabolism of amygdalin still have not been adequately explored. The present in vivo study was designed to reveal whether pure amygdalin intramuscularly injected or apricot seeds oral consumption induce changes in overall health status of rabbit as a biological model. A total of 60 adult rabbits were randomly divided into five groups. The control group received no amygdalin while the two experimental groups E1 and E2 received a daily intramuscular injection of amygdalin at doses 0.6 and 3.0 mg/kg bw. The experimental groups E3 and E4 were fed crushed bitter apricot seeds (Prunus armeniaca L.), at doses 60 and 300 mg/kg bw, mixed with commercial feed for rabbits. Blood collection was carried out after 14 days. Biochemical, haematological and antioxidant enzymes activity analysis were performed and statistically evaluated. A short‐term amygdalin administration had negligible impact on biochemical parameters—mainly level of urea, bilirubin, cholesterol. Haematological profile of rabbits was influenced very slightly—non‐significant platelet count and platelet percentage increase, erythrocytes count and haemoglobin decrease. SOD activity of rabbits decreased significantly (p > 0.05) after apricot seeds consumption (102.3 U/ml) in comparison to control (117.4 U/ml). Differences might be connected to diverse metabolism by different administration routes and at the same time by the presence of other substances in apricot seeds (phytosterols, polyphenols, fatty acids). However, a short‐term consumption had only slight effect on health status of rabbits and at recommended doses did not represent risk for their health.  相似文献   

    

Eduard Kirwald 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1941,63(8):179-185

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Application of the Enfer chemiluminescent multiplex ELISA system for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in goats     

Shuralev E  Quinn P  Doyle M  Duignan A  Kwok HF  Bezos J  Olwill SA  Gormley E  Aranaz A  Good M  Davis WC  Clarke J  Whelan C 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,154(3-4):292-297

A study was conducted to optimise a multiplex serological immunoassay for use in identification of goats infected with Mycobacterium bovis. To assess assay specificity, 31 goats with a history of being free from M. bovis infection were used. To determine assay sensitivity, 180 Single Intradermal Comparative Tuberculin test (SICTT) positive goats were recruited. Additionally, 286 SICTT negative goats classed as potentially exposed animals present in the same positive herds were also included in the study. The results of the assay demonstrated a specificity of 100%. The multiplex assay detected 57/60 SICTT (95.0%) positive animals in one M. bovis infected herd and 120/120 (100%) in a second herd. In a separate experiment, 28 M. caprae culture confirmed infected goats from Spain were assayed, of which 24 (85.7%) were found positive in the test. The results show that inclusion of an antibody based assay can improve the ability to identify M. bovis and M. caprae infected goats. With further development and validation the multiplex assay may prove to be a useful tool for control of M. bovis and M. caprae infection in goats.  相似文献