Dietary nucleotides enhance growth performance,feed efficiency and intestinal functional topography in European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)     

Peter H. Bowyer  Ehab R. El‐Haroun  Mohamed Hassaan  Heba Salim  Simon J. Davies 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(7):1921-1930

Nucleotides, nucleosides and nucleic acids (NU) have many critical functions in supporting life and increasing evidence suggests that exogenous supply can benefit the health of mammals and fish. For these reasons, a 6‐week feeding trial was conducted on juvenile European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) with diets containing 0%, 0.15% and 0.3% inclusion of a NU mixture (Laltide^®) derived from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. At the end of the study no significant differences were found in fish performance, although a tendency towards better performance was indicated in fish fed the Nu0.3 diet. In relation to histological assessment, a significantly greater perimeter ratio; internal to outer (IP/OP) was observed in the posterior intestine of fish fed supplemental NU. Microvilli heights in the posterior intestine were also shown to be significantly promoted in fish fed NU diets (p < 0.05). Goblet cell abundance was shown to be unaffected by the inclusion of NU in the diet (p > 0.05). Overall, this study indicates that orally administered NU may be effective promoters of gut functional topography with marginal associated improvements to fish performance. Nonetheless, longer exposure and/or commercial scale application, and in diets that were challenging in use of high inclusion levels of plant by‐products would potentially amplify improvements in production characteristics, in turn benefiting fish culturists.  相似文献   

Dietary supplementation with low molecular weight sodium alginate improves growth,haematology, immune reactions and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Clarias gariepinus     

Ahmed N. F. Neamat‐Allah  Abd elhakeem I. El-Murr  Yasser Abd El‐Hakim 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(5):1547-1556

A few studies have illustrated the effects of sodium salt derived from alginic acid on different fish species. However, little is known about the effect of sodium alginate on catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Therefore, this study was performed to assess the use of low molecular weight sodium alginate ( LMWSA) in C. gariepinus. A total of 180 apparently healthy C. gariepinus with a mean body weight of 45 g were randomly divided into three equal groups (D1, D2 and D3). D1 the control group received a control diet, while D2 and D3 received 1% and 3% LMWSA, respectively, for 8 weeks. A challenge test against Aeromonas hydrophila was performed on 15 randomly selected catfish for 15 days. At the end of the experiment, catfish in D3 that received a diet of 3% LMWSA showed significant increases in the final body weight, weight gain and thermal‐unit growth coefficient compared with those in D2 and D1. There was a significant decrease in the erythrogram in D1 after the 4‐day pathogen challenge. A leucogram revealed leucocytosis, heterophilia and lymphocytosis in catfish in D2 and D3 compared with those in D1. After the 4‐day challenge, the following changes took place: lysozyme, nitric oxide, phagocytic activity and the respiratory burst were significantly elevated in catfish that received LMWSA and were more pronounced in D3 than in D1. The mortalities of catfish have been stopped after pathogen challenge from 8‐day in D1 and D2 where at 6‐day in D3. Thus, administration of 1% and 3% LMWSA enhances the growth, immune response and resistance of C. gariepinus against A. hydrophila.  相似文献   

Preface: humic substances in the environment     

Jerzy Weber  Yona Chen  Elżbieta Jamroz  Teodoro Miano 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(8):2665-2667

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With or without pheromone habituation: possible differences between insect orders?          下载免费PDF全文

David Maxwell Suckling  Lloyd D Stringer  Alfredo Jiménez‐Pérez  Gimme H Walter  Nicola Sullivan  Ashraf M El‐Sayed 《Pest management science》2018,74(6):1259-1264

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Distribution and prevalence of T. bryosalmonae in Austria: A first survey of trout from rivers with a shrinking population          下载免费PDF全文

Eva Lewisch  Guenther Unfer  Kurt Pinter  Thomas Bechter  Mansour El‐Matbouli 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(10):1549-1557

The first evidence of proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in an Austrian river (the River Kamp) was documented in 2016, and no information on the PKD infection status of trout in other rivers was available. Since then, brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have been collected from rivers in Upper and Lower Austria for different diagnostic purposes. In this study, we summarize the recent findings of a first survey concerning the distribution of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (PKD), from these samples. Between September 2015 and October 2017, a total of 280 brown trout and 39 rainbow trout were collected from 21 rivers in the provinces of Upper and Lower Austria. T. bryosalmonae was detected by PCR of kidney tissue in 17 of 21 sampled rivers and in 138 of 280 brown trout as well as in 11 of 39 rainbow trout. Pathological signs of PKD (e.g., hypertrophy of the kidney) were observed in 33 analysed brown trout and six rainbow trout samples. No correlations between fish infected by T. bryosalmonae and the parameters size and age class, condition factor, geological origin of the streams and distribution within the river course were found, while positively tested fish are significantly increased at sampling sites exceeding water temperatures of 15°C for median periods of 115 days. The prevalence within the affected streams or stream sections is highly variable, and in single rivers, infection rates of up to 90% are confirmed.  相似文献   

Evaluation of replacing fish meal with corn protein concentrate in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings commercial diet          下载免费PDF全文

N.S.A. Khalifa  I.E.H. Belal  K.A. El‐Tarabily  S. Tariq  A.A. Kassab 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(1):143-152

Four isocaloric‐isonitrogenous diets containing 0, 50, 100 and 190 g/kg corn protein concentrate (CPC) as replacement for dietary fish meal were fed to Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings for 8 weeks. Tilapia growth parameters were not significantly (p > .05) different in fish fed diets with 0, 50 and 100 g/kg CPC and found to be superior compared to those fed on 190 g/kg CPC. Fish dressing ratios and body composition were similar among all treatments. The electron microscope indicated that the stomach size of control fish was slightly smaller and the wall was thinner while the stomach of the fish fed all other levels of CPC undergone a remarkable size increase and their walls were thicker after feeding diets with CPC. Total aerobic bacterial and coliform counts were significantly decreased in fish intestine when fed diets with 100 and 190 g/kg CPC compared with fish fed diets with 0 g/kg or 50 g/kg CPC. This study indicates that it is possible to replace up to 534 g/kg of dietary fish meal in tilapia fingerlings using 100 g/kg of CPC without any negative effect on fish growth and proximate body composition.  相似文献   

The Content of Dietary Fibre and Polyphenols in Morphological Parts of Buckwheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fagopyrum tataricum</Emphasis>)     

Krzysztof Dziedzic  Danuta Górecka  Artur Szwengiel  Hanna Sulewska  Ivan Kreft  Elżbieta Gujska  Jarosław Walkowiak 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2018,73(1):82-88

In this report, we presented the profile of polyphenolic substances in flowers, leaves, stalk and roots of Fagopyrum tataricum estimated by using RP–UHPLC–ESI-MS equipment (reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry). The neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose were also determined. Flowers, leaves, stalk and roots showed varying levels of dietary fibre and polyphenols. The highest content of neutral and acid detergent fibre were found in the roots (63.92 and 45.45% d.m., respectively) while the most rich in phenolic compounds were flowers (4.8 mg/1 g d.m.). Root and stalk contained the highest level of cellulose, 38.70 and 25.57% d.m., respectively. Among the investigated polyphenolic substances such as: 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydrobenzoic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, fagopyrin, ferulic acid, myricetin, gallic acid, isovanilic acid, isovitexin, kaempferol, luteolin, p-coumaric acid, procyanidin B2, quercetin, quercetin 3-D galactoside, rutin, syringic acid and vitexin, we observed that the contents of rutin and chlorogenic acid were the highest. We found some correlation between dietary fibre fractions and individual phenolic substances. The levels of acid detergent fibre (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose were negatively correlated with isovitexin, kaempferol, vitexin, fagopyrin, caffeic acid and procyanidin B2 content. In this investigation, two solvents (water and methanol) were estimated regarding their extraction efficiency of phenolic compounds. Taking these results into consideration, we recommend using methanol as the extractor to isolate chlorogenic acid, fagopyrin, kaempferol, procyanidin B2, quercetin, quercetin 3-D-galactoside, rutin, vitexin, and water for other investigated polyphenolic substances obtained from Fagopyrum tataricum.  相似文献   

Characterization of Egyptian <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora infestans</Emphasis> population using simple sequence repeat markers     

Ramadan A. Arafa  Nour Elden K. Soliman  Olfat M. Moussa  Said M. Kamel  Kenta Shirasawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(2):104-107

The plant pathogenic oomycete, Phytophthora infestans, is the causal agent of late blight disease in tomato and potato. For characterizing Egyptian P. infestans isolates by DNA marker analysis, 40 isolates of P. infestans were collected from different locations in Egypt during two growing seasons (2012/2013 and 2013/2014). The 40 isolates were grouped into seven genotypes, in which 24 alleles were detected. The identified genotypes were not completely associated with geographic location and sample collection years. These results provide genetic and geographical information for developing a program to manage late blight disease.  相似文献   

Estimation of target strength of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sardina pilchardus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sardinella aurita</Emphasis> by theoretical approach     

Salaheddine El Ayoubi  Kamal Mamza  Tadanori Fujino  Koki Abe  Kazuo Amakasu  Kazushi Miyashita 《Fisheries Science》2016,82(3):417-423

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Growth of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Composts of Olive Oil Mill Waste with Organic Household Refuse     

Farid Barje  Abdelilah Meddich  Houda El Hajjouji  Abdelghani El Asli  Ghita Ait Baddi  Abdelouahed El Faiz 《Compost science & utilization》2016,24(4):273-280

This study highlights the effects of composts of olive mill wastes and organic household refuse with a pH range of 7 to 7.98 and a C/N ratio between 14.9 and 22, to improve the growth and the mineral nutrition of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). After 7 months of cultivation, plants amended with composts showed higher biomass production than the controls. Compost C1, i.e., the basic compost with no additives phosphate, at 100% and 45% doubled the production of dry matter in comparison with control plants. The rise of root biomass was considerably greater for plants grown with compost C1 without phosphate. In contrast, the shoot biomass was highly significant for composts C2 and C3 enriched with phosphate. The control plants, grown without amendment, showed significantly higher specific root length (SRL) and specific leaf length (SLL). The efficiency of compost application was reflected by the biomass rise, the number of emerged leaves (2.6–4), and the rise in leaf area (3.3 to 6.7 cm²) by improving the mineral nutrition of the date palm. The composts of olive mill waste and organic household refuse supplemented with natural rock phosphate, or not, generated a notable agronomic added value.  相似文献