Landscape,Soil, and Plant Analysis of Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) Invasion in the Piedmont Region,SC     

Elena A. Mikhailova  Donald Hagan  Julia Sharp  Brian Ritter  Roxanne Stiglitz  Veeander Mealing 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(9):1068-1077

Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum), an exotic invasive plant, is native to Southeast Asia. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of Japanese stiltgrass as well as soil and landscape characteristics that correlate with invasion of Japanese stiltgrass around Lake Issaqueena in the upper Piedmont of South Carolina. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) were used to determine the spatial pattern of invasion with respect to the aspect, slope, canopy cover, soils, and distance to roads and trails. Japanese stiltgrass was distributed on both sides of Lake Issaqueena in Pacolet and Madison soil map units (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) on the average slopes of 21%, but it was particularly common on the eastern shore of the lake in low-lying wet and shaded areas (mean canopy cover 51%). In addition, invasion by Japanese stiltgrass was correlated with the proximity to roads and trails. Plant tissue analysis revealed many differences in the distribution of macronutrients, macrominerals, and micronutrients in the leaves, stems, and roots of Japanese stiltgrass, although those differences were not always statistically significant. Concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca) were the highest in leaves while zinc (Zn) concentrations were the highest in stems and concentrations of magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and sodium (Na) tended to be higher in roots. Carbon (C), sulfur (S), and potassium (K) concentrations were generally higher in above-ground tissues versus roots. Soil chemical analysis revealed no statistical differences between control and invaded plots. Our findings suggest that watershed areas surrounding lakes may be particularly susceptible to the invasion of Japanese stiltgrass due to their microclimates, low-lying wet pathways for seed distribution and recreational uses.  相似文献   

Factors Affecting the Growth of Microalgae on Blackwater from Biosolid Dewatering     

Francesca Marazzi  Elena Ficara  Riccardo Fornaroli  Valeria Mezzanotte 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(2):68

This paper discusses the possibility of including the culturing of microalgae within a conventional wastewater treatment sequence by growing them on the blackwater (BW) from biosolid dewatering to produce biomass to feed the anaerobic digester. Two photobioreactors were used: a 12 L plexiglas column for indoor, lab-scale tests and a 85 L plexiglas column for outdoor culturing. Microalgae (Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp.) could easily grow on the tested blackwater. The average specific growth rate in indoor and outdoor batch tests was satisfactory, ranging between 0.14 and 0.16 day^?1. During a continuous test performed under outdoor conditions from May to November, in which the off-gas from the combined heat and power unit was used as the CO₂ source, an average biomass production of 50 mgTSS L^?1 day^?1 was obtained. However, statistical analyses confirmed that microalgal growth was affected by environmental conditions (temperature and season) and that it was negatively correlated with the occurrence of nitrification. Finally, the biochemical methane potential of the algal biomass was slightly higher than that from waste sludge (208 mLCH₄ gVS^?1 vs. 190 mLCH₄ gVS^?1).  相似文献   

盐碱胁迫对滴灌加工番茄生理生长和干物质积累的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张继峯  王振华  张金珠  赵娣  窦允清  任作利 《水土保持学报》2019,33(1):270-276

为探讨盐碱胁迫对加工番茄生理生长和和干物质积累的影响,采用桶栽试验方法,人工配制不同盐碱程度的土壤(CK:1.5g/kg,S1:4g/kg,S2:7g/kg,S3:10g/kg),研究滴灌条件盐碱胁迫下加工番茄生长指标、生理指标、干物质积累和产量的变化规律。结果表明:S1处理对加工番茄的生长指标、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶片水分利用效率及叶绿素含量均有一定程度的促进作用,但与CK处理无显著性差异(P0.05);S2与S3处理对以上指标均有一定的抑制性,最小值均出现在S3处理,但在生育后期,S2与S3这2个高盐碱处理下,加工番茄的气孔限制值降低,普遍低于S1与CK处理(P0.01),说明在生育后期高盐碱胁迫下加工番茄光合能力的下降主要是由高盐碱胁迫导致叶片气孔关闭的非气孔限制因素造成的;S1处理使加工番茄增产2.1%,而S2与S3处理因抑制加工番茄生长,使其分别减产18.7%和65.4%;果实膨大一期是加工番茄生长发育的一个非常重要时期,此时,加工番茄长势迅速,干物质积累加快,达到全生育期的最大值。研究结果为新疆盐碱地加工番茄栽培管理技术提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Regulation of mycorrhiza development in durum wheat by P fertilization: Effect on plant nitrogen metabolism          下载免费PDF全文

Catello Di Martino  Giuseppe Palumbo  Domenico Vitullo  Patrick Di Santo  Amodio Fuggi 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2018,181(3):429-440

The aim of this work was to study the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae on growth and nitrogen (N) metabolism of durum wheat (Tritcum durum) under various P soil contents. The analyses were extended to macro and micronutrient tissue concentrations, nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities, as well as protein, aminoacids, pyridine dinucleotides and adenine nucleotides. Arbuscular mycorrhiza increased wheat growth in soil in which P availability was low and nitrate was the dominant N form. The root colonization occurred at the highest level in plants grown in limiting soil P and was inversely related to soil P content. The micorrhizal wheat plants contained also the highest concentrations of macro (P, K, Ca, N) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn) as well as free amino acids, protein, NAD, NADP, AMP, ADP, ATP in roots and leaves. In particular, the micronutrient tissue concentrations (Zn, Mn) supported that mycorrhiza actively modulated their uptake limiting interferences and optimizing growth better than the plant roots, like a very efficient “rootstock”. Control plants grown at the highest soil P did not reach the same concentration as the mycorrhizal plants. Nitrate reductase activities in the roots of mycorrhizal plants were higher than in the control ones, while glutamine synthetase activities were highest in the leaves. Protein and amino acids concentrations, as well as AMP, ADP, ATP, NAD(P), and NAD(P)H were also higher than in the control. Among the free amino acids in the roots, the high levels of glutamine, asparagine, arginine, support the view that ammonium was transferred through the arbuscules to the root cells where it was re‐assimilated in the cortical cells, forming high N : C ratio‐amino acids. They were transferred to the leaves where all the other N compounds could be largely synthesized using the carbon skeletons supplied by photosynthesis.  相似文献   

高寒草甸土壤微生物功能多样性对氮肥添加的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

代迪  字洪标  杨有芳  阿的鲁骥  陈焱  罗雪萍  王长庭 《水土保持研究》2018,25(2):137-144

采用Biolog-ECO生态板法研究了4个施N水平[0 g/m²（CK）,10 g/m²（N₁₀）,20 g/m²（N₂₀）,30 g/m²（N₃₀）]下土壤理化性质和微生物功能多样性的变化规律。结果表明:中高水平氮肥添加显著增加了速效氮、速效磷含量和根土比,但降低了土壤含水量。施N肥0-10 cm土层平均颜色变化率降低,而10-20 cm土层则被提高,且N₂₀最大。施N肥后降低了0-10 cm土层土壤微生物Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数和McIntosh指数,但10-20 cm土层则被提高。PCA分析表明,施N肥改变了土壤微生物代谢功能类型,糖类、氨基酸、酸类是土壤微生物主要利用的碳源类型。RDA分析表明,在0-10 cm土层,土壤含水量和全氮是影响土壤微生物功能多样性的主要因子,而10-20 cm土层主要受土壤含水量和速效磷的影响。综上,施N肥增加了土壤的有效养分含量,进而改变土壤微生物功能多样性、碳源利用能力和数量。  相似文献   

冬虫夏草中虫草酸的提取条件优化与纯化研究     

李建平  赵秋蓉  吴迪  纪旭东  潘凡达  张峻松 《农产品加工．学刊》2012,(7):49-51

为研究提取条件对冬虫夏草中虫草酸提取率的影响。以虫草酸提取率为考察指标,研究了提取方法、提取时间、提取温度、液固比对虫草酸提取率的影响。结果表明,提取虫草酸的最佳条件为:液固比为10∶1,提取温度为90℃,提取时间为1 h,在此条件下上虫草酸的提取率率为11.36%。利用Sevag法脱蛋白后经重结晶处理后,所得到的虫草酸纯度可达99.92%,这为进一步研究虫草酸的性质提供了物质基础。  相似文献   

大兴安岭生态沟系典型森林植被水源涵养功能的研究     

王黑子来 刘微黄超  徐永波徐迪 《中国农学通报》2011,27(19):33-37

本研究以黑龙江省大兴安岭地区生态沟系3种典型森林类型的持水功能特点为研究对象,应用系统论和水分平衡原理,对森林土壤物理性质、土壤蓄水能力、枯落物蓄水能力以及林冠截留量等进行比较分析。研究表明：林冠截留是林内主要的降水再分配途径,对森林的水分调蓄具有重要作用。水源涵养能力最强的为针阔混交林1259.07 t/hm2,其次为灌木林1046.23 t/hm2,最弱的为落叶松林663.56 t/hm2,针阔混交林林地有着很强的水源涵养和调节能力;灌木林对土壤结构有着良好的改善作用。本研究结果为大兴安岭地区今后开展森林水土保持功能的量化研究及造林的林型结构提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

杂草对光系统Ⅱ抑制剂的抗药性研究进展     

龙迪  王彦辉  曾东强 《分子植物育种》2021,19(4):1383-1392

随着除草剂使用量和使用频率的不断增加,杂草抗药性问题也逐渐成为杂草防除及治理的难点和热点。目前杂草对PS(Photosystem)Ⅱ抑制剂类除草剂产生抗药性主要分为靶标抗性和非靶标抗性。本研究综述了近年来杂草对PSⅡ抑制剂类除草剂抗药性的产生、发展现状及杂草抗PSⅡ抑制剂类除草剂的机理。针对这些问题,提出除草剂使用过程中需要注意的事项,为延缓杂草对该类除草剂产生抗药性提供一定参考。  相似文献   

基于小波分解的纹理分割的农机化应用研究     

丁伟杰  周国民  金弟 《农机化研究》2008,(11)

农业机械自动导航是农业自动化的重要标志之一,其中图像分割技术已成为农业机械导航的重要环节.为此,根据已收割和未收割的农作物图像具有不同纹理特征的性质,采用小波分解方法,对农作物图像的自动分割进行了大量实验研究,并且与纹理分割常用的Laws能量特征法进行了实验效果和运行效率对比.理论分析和实验结果均表明:基于小波分解的纹理分割方法,完全适用于农业机械导航中的农作物图像自动分割.  相似文献   

集雨限灌对旱作马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

秦舒浩  张俊莲  王蒂  蒲玉林  刘震 《灌溉排水学报》2009,(4)

在大田条件下研究了集雨有限补偿灌溉对旱区马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,补灌能显著提高旱作马铃薯的产量、水分利用效率和经济系数。与对照相比,补灌处理产量增幅在3.99%~21.21%之间,苗期补灌产量高于薯块膨大期补灌,苗期补灌45 mm具有超补偿效应,补灌90 mm具有高补偿效应。低定额补灌有利于水分利用效率和灌水利用效率的提高,且苗期补灌高于薯块膨大期补灌。补灌明显降低了薯块小薯率而提高了大薯率和中薯率,另外单株薯重也提高了,单株薯重与大薯率对马铃薯的产量贡献最大。综合分析认为苗期补灌45 mm和90 mm是最优补灌方案和备选方案。  相似文献