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31.
Elisabet Sonntag-Öström Maria Nordin Ylva Lundell Ann Dolling Urban Wiklund Marcus Karlsson Bo Carlberg Lisbeth Slunga Järvholm 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2014,13(2):344-354
This experimental study investigated differences in perceived restorativeness, mood, attention capacity and physiological reactions when visiting city and forest environments. Twenty female patients diagnosed with exhaustion disorder visited three different forest environments and one city environment in randomized order. They performed a standardized 90-min test procedure in each of these environments. Evaluation of the environments and psychological effects in mood were studied with self-administered questionnaires. Attention capacity was studied with Necker Cube Pattern Control task. Physiological responses were measured with regularly scheduled controls of heart rate and blood pressure, and a single test of heart rate recovery. Visits to the forest environments were perceived as significantly more restorative, enhancing mood and attention capacity compared to the city. This also applies to the results of heart rate and to some extent to the results of the diastolic blood pressure. The results from this experimental study support our hypothesis that short visits to forest environments enhance both psychological and physiological recovery and that visits to forest environments are likely to be beneficial when suffering from exhaustion disorder. 相似文献
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Birgitta Johansson Elisabet Nadeau 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(3-4):128-136
Abstract Organic dairy production will be based entirely on organically grown feeds as of 2008, and thereby a demand is created to find suitable feeds that are possible to grow locally. The aim of this experiment was to investigate whether milk yield and milk composition were maintained when cows were fed a 100% organic diet, with around 15% of dietary DM from cold-pressed organic rapeseed cake, compared to a 95% organic diet, in which a conventional protein source was used. Two experimental groups included 20 cows each and the study was carried out during two indoor periods. For cows fed the rapeseed cake diet, milk yield increased by 3.0 kg/day, but contents of milk fat and milk protein of multiparous cows decreased, resulting in similar yields of energy-corrected milk in early lactation. Milk from cows fed rapeseed cake had increased content of unsaturated fatty acids, including conjugated linoleic acid. In conclusion, it is possible to maintain milk production of dairy cows fed 100% organic feedstuffs using cold-pressed rapeseed cake as the main protein source compared to a 95% organic ration. 相似文献
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Finishing of dairy steers having grazed semi-natural grasslands 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of initial live weight, level of grain feeding, and length of finishing period on weight gain and carcass traits of dairy steers that had grazed semi-natural grasslands. Steers were subdivided by initial live weight (low vs. high) and were fed two levels of grain (0.5% vs. 1.0% of live weight day− 1) during three different lengths of finishing period (3, 5 vs. 8 months). In total, 192 steers, initially 18 to 21 months of age, were fed grass–clover silage ad libitum. Steers fed high levels of grain had a higher dietary feed intake than steers fed low levels of grain (10.5 vs. 9.7 kg DM day− 1; P < 0.001). Carcass weight gain (630 g) was highest and feed conversion (169 MJ metabolizable energy per kg carcass gain) was best in steers with 5 months of finishing. Steers with low initial weights had a higher daily carcass weight gain than initially heavy steers (614 vs. 571 g, P = 0.013). A high initial weight and a long finishing period resulted in heavier and fatter carcasses with a higher conformation score and lower proportions of valuable retail cuts and bone. In conclusion, high-quality carcasses can be produced when finishing dairy steers that previously have grazed semi-natural grasslands. Performance and carcass traits were more effected by initial weight and length of finishing period than by level of grain feeding. 相似文献
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The aim of this study, which was part of the EU-financed project Life Ammonia, was to evaluate the effects of dietary components and milk production on nitrogen efficiency of dairy cows. The study included examining the effects of decreased crude protein (CP) concentration in a grass-clover silage based diet and results of mixing whole-crop barley silage (WCBS) with grass-clover silage in the diet, on feed intake, milk production and nitrogen efficiency. Rations were formulated and milk production data were registered individually each month for 42 cows of the Swedish Red Cattle breed during four indoor periods from 1999 to 2003. The range in nitrogen efficiency by the cows, 11 to 398 days in milk, was 18 to 40%, when fed a diet containing 135 to 184 g CP/kg DM, 44 to 56% of NDF as rumen degradable fibre (RDF) and milking 13 to 57 kg of ECM daily. The average CP concentration of the diet, containing mainly grass-clover silage and concentrate, was decreased from 168 g/kg DM (170 g in early lactation) in the control treatment period to 160 g/kg DM (163 g in early lactation) during the following treatment period. The CP concentration was 170 g/kg DM (171 g in early lactation) during the third treatment period, when the grass-clover silage was fed in a mixture with WCBS. Using the whole data set (n = 284 for primiparous, n = 440 for multiparous cows based on measurements each month) resulted in models, in which total DM intake, ECM yield, dietary CP concentration and RDF were the most important factors affecting nitrogen utilisation of primiparous and multiparous cows. Increases in both average DM intake and milk yield by multiparous cows and no changes in average intake and milk yield by primiparous cows fed the low CP diet or the normal CP diet containing WCBS, compared to cows fed the normal CP diet, resulted in similar nitrogen efficiencies among the treatments. Hence, dietary CP concentrations of 160 to 170 g/kg DM can be used for cows in early lactation in commercial herds to improve nitrogen utilisation without causing a simultaneous decrease in milk yield. 相似文献
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IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—RADIOGRAPHY AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF BILATERAL CONGENITAL URETEROVESICAL JUNCTION STENOSIS CAUSING HYDRONEPHROSIS AND HYDROURETER IN A FERRET (MUSTELA PUTORIUS FURO) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Laura Vilalta Elisabet Dominguez Raul Altuzarra Neus Sibera Yvonne Espada Rosa Novellas Jaime Martorell 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2017,58(3):E31-E36
An 8‐month‐old neutered male ferret was presented for vaccination and preventive treatment for adrenal gland disease. Abdominal ultrasound revealed severe bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Excretory urography and negative contrast cystography showed bilateral ureterovesical junction stenosis. Positive retrograde cystography demonstrated right ureteral reflux. A subcutaneous ureteral bypass was placed in the left kidney; however, it had to be removed 3 months later due to an obstruction and persistent urinary tract infection. Bilateral ureteroneocystotomy was performed. Although congenital strictures are uncommon in veterinary patients, they should be included in the differential diagnosis in ferrets presenting with hydronephrosis and hydroureter of undetermined cause. 相似文献
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Jarvis NJ Almqvist S Stenström J Börjesson E Jonsson E Torstensson L 《Pest management science》2006,62(10):940-946
The use of herbicides on railway tracks is known to present a risk to groundwater, but little is known of the mechanisms influencing leaching through the coarse material used to construct railway embankments. Therefore, in the present study, four different models based on the convection-dispersion equation (CDE) were compared with previously reported field data on the leaching of imazapyr. In particular, the significance of non-equilibrium processes was investigated by comparing different CDE formulations accounting for preferential finger flow, particle-facilitated transport and kinetic sorption. The traditional CDE assuming 'local equilibrium' based on 24 h batch sorption data gave poor results (model efficiency - 1.1). It strongly underestimated leaching of imazapyr in the first 4 months following application, thus confirming the importance of non-equilibrium transport processes. Accounting for short-term sorption kinetics made little difference, giving similar results to the 'local equilibrium' CDE simulation. A simulation accounting for particle-facilitated transport could accurately match this accelerated transport, and also gave the best overall fit to the data (model efficiency 0.76). However, not even this model could match the long-term retention of imazapyr residues observed close to the soil surface more than 1 year after application, and it also underestimated the time of breakthrough to groundwater. This strongly suggests that a long-term retention/sorption process not included in any of the models tested (i.e. sorption hysteresis or bound residues) acted to retard leaching. The formation of 'protected' residues was also indicated by a much slower degradation of imazapyr more than 1 year after application. Industry. 相似文献
37.
Fernández-García E Rincón F Pérez-Gálvez A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(21):10384-10390
Food emulsion designs, with the aim of delivering lipophilic bioactive compounds, should include an estimate of their bioaccessibility to support the claimed effect. With this goal in mind, in vitro digestion models and experimental design of mixtures were used as analytical tools to measure this parameter and to optimize the formulation of an O/W emulsion, including carotenoids as functional ingredients. Two experimental stages were applied. First, a screening phase was completed to detect the critical factors that exerted a significant effect on the response (bioaccessibility). During this phase, we observed that the response was modified mainly by secondary effects such as synergies and antagonisms of the emulsifying mixture. A group of four emulsifiers was selected at this phase to perform the second experimental stage, the optimization phase. This allowed us to obtain the mixture that produced the maximum carotenoid bioaccessibility. This formulation had emulsifying properties of the liposugars, acyl- and polyacyl-glycerides, as well as the synergistic effect arising from the combination of materials; this maximized the response. The analytical approach applied in this work is of interest for food designers for screening and controlling the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds in a given matrix and, consequently, selecting the formulation conditions for higher bioaccessibilities. 相似文献
38.
Touriño S Pérez-Jiménez J Mateos-Martín ML Fuguet E Vinardell MP Cascante M Torres JL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(11):5955-5963
Grape antioxidant dietary fiber (GADF) is a phenolic-rich dietary fiber matrix. The aim of this work was to determine which phenolic compounds come into contact with colonic epithelial tissue after the ingestion of GADF. By use of HPLC-ESI-MS/MS techniques phenolic metabolites were detected in feces, cecal content, and colonic tissue from rats. Free (epi)catechin (EC) was detected in all three sources, and more than 20 conjugated metabolites of EC were also detected in feces. Fourteen microbially derived phenolic metabolites were also identified in feces, cecal content, and/or colonic tissue. These results show that during transit along the digestive tract, proanthocyanidin oligomers and polymers are depolymerized into EC units. After ingestion of GADF, free EC and its conjugates, as well as free and conjugated microbially derived phenolic metabolites, come into contact with the intestine epithelium for more than 24 h and may be partly responsible for the positive influence of GADF on gut health. 相似文献
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Henrik Eckersten Antje Herrmann Alois Kornher Magnus Halling Erik Sindhøj Elisabet Lewan 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(2):151-165
Abstract In recent decades European silage maize production has extended northwards, into Scandinavia, and the importance of maize in fodder production has increased substantially. For the northward expansion of maize production it is of interest to evaluate both the role of climate change that has occurred already, and scenarios for possible future climate change. The aim of this study was to assess for Swedish climatic conditions, the annual variation in silage maize yield and quality (dry weight and starch contents) of cultivars currently grown in Germany. The MAISPROQ simulation model currently used in German maize production was applied to evaluate the effects of (i) cultivar differences (four cultivars; four sites; 2003–2009), (ii) intra-regional variation among ten sites representing three regions (two cultivars; 2003–2009), and (iii) climatic variability among two historical periods during 1961–2009 and three future periods during 2011–2100 using A2-emission climate scenarios and the Delta-method (two cultivars; four sites). Forage quality assessments strongly influenced the assessments of harvest time and thereby the yield. Changes in simulated yield of the tested cultivars were high for the past climate, but relatively small under future climatic conditions due to earlier harvest caused by improved forage quality. By the end of the 21st century an appropriate fodder quality would be achieved every year in the south of Sweden, whereas in the middle of Sweden (60°N) about 30% of the years would not be successful, even for the earliest cultivar. In the east, increased water stress counteracted the positive effect of a prolonged growing season. It was concluded that adaptation of field experiments to model calibration requirements remains to be done, in order to enable extrapolation of observations from Swedish field trials to a changing future climate. 相似文献