Contamination of highly weathered urban soils in Uberlândia,Brazil     

Wolfgang Wilcke  Juliane Lilienfein  Samuel do Carmo Lima  Wolfgang Zech 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1999,162(5):539-548

We determined heavy metal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in 18 topsoils of Uberlândia (420,000 inhabitants, Brazil) and in 3 rural topsoils. Concentrations of Al (11—124 g kg^—1) and Fe (13—109 g kg^—1) are large because of desilification. Concentrations of Cd (0.1—0.5 mg kg^—1), Cr (13—72), Cu (6—154), Mn (28—974), Ni (4—29), Pb (3—26), Zn (4—107), the sum of 20 PAHs (=Σ20PAHs:7—390 μg kg^—1), and the sum of 14 PCBs (=Σ14PCBs:0.05—1.25) are comparable to or below background concentrations in temperate soils except for Cu at two sites. More than 67% of the metals are strongly bound in Fe oxides and silicates; metals are more bioavailable in the urban than in the rural soils. The most abundant PAHs in the urban soils, on average, are naphthalene (19.0 ± 13.4% of Σ20PAHs) and the benzo(b+j+k)fluoranthenes (11.4 ± 6.7%); the most abundant PCBs are nos. 138 (23.3 ± 11.0% of Σ14PCBs) and 153 (14.3 ± 6.4%). The rural soils contain larger percentages of low molecular PAHs and up to tetra‒chlorinated PCBs than the urban soils. The different pollutant concentrations and patterns in the studied tropical compared with many temperate soils indicate different sources and fate.  相似文献   

Combining ability of common bean parents in different seasons,locations and generations     

Lisandra Magna Moura  Rafael Silva Ramos dos Anjos  Renata Oliveira Batista  Naine Martins do Vale  Cosme Damião Cruz  José Eustáquio de Souza Carneiro  Juarez Campolina Machado  Pedro Crescêncio Souza Carneiro 《Euphytica》2018,214(10):181

The objectives of this study were to obtain information about genetic parameters of a partial diallel in common bean, as well as to evaluate the effects of growing seasons, locations and generations in these estimates in order to define the best strategies for the use of diallel analysis as methodology of selection of parents and populations in common bean breeding. Twelve parents were crossed in a partial diallel scheme (5?×?7), and the F₁ and F₂ generations were evaluated in four experiments (I, II, III, and IV). The effects of seasons were determined in the Experiments I and II, in which the F₁ generation was evaluated in two distinct growing seasons. To quantify the effect of locations, we used Experiments III and IV, in which the F₂ generation was evaluated in the same season, but at different locations, and to quantify the effect of generations, the experiments II (generation F₁) and III (F₂ generation) were evaluated in the same season and location. As for grain yield the genetic control varied according to the environment. An effect of interaction on the genetic parameters of the diallel was observed for generation, whereas for grain yield, effects of season and location were observed. For plant architecture, parental combining ability should therefore be estimated using the F₁ generation, while for grain yield, both the F₁ and F₂ can be used. The recombination between the best hybrids is a promising strategy for extraction of superior black bean lines.  相似文献   

First feeding of diploid and triploid yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae: An initial stage for application in laboratory studies          下载免费PDF全文

Rafaela Manchin Bertolini  José Augusto Senhorini  Nivaldo Ferreira do Nascimento  Matheus Pereira‐Santos  Laura Satiko Okada Nakaghi  Wellington Adriano Moreira Peres  Regiane Cristina da Silva  George Shigueki Yasui 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(1):68-74

In this study, the aim was to establish a protocol for first feeding of diploid and triploid yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae in laboratory conditions. The fry were fed with five different diets: (i) Artemia franciscana nauplii, (ii) plankton, (iii) dry food, (iv) Artemia franciscana nauplii + plankton, and (v) Artemia nauplii + plankton + dry food. Additionally, the growth and survival rates of diploid and triploid individuals were also evaluated. On day 10, the length of the fish between the treatments differed significantly (p = .0001) and ranged from 4.07 ± 0.06 mm (dry food) to 8.50 ± 0.64 mm (plankton + Artemia). The sizes of the fish increased with time, except for the fish fed with dry food. The survival rates were similar for the fish fed with the four diets and ranged from 80.7 ± 5.4% (dry food + plankton + Artemia to 92.0 ± 1.6% (plankton + Artemia), but differed from the fish fed with dry food (17.7 ± 5.8%, p = .0017). Diploids and triploids did not present differences on day 0 (p = .2252) and on day 10 (p = .4844) when the fish presented 6.77 ± 0.25 mm and 6.54 ± 0.15 mm respectively. Survival of diploids (87.3 ± 5.13%) and triploids (74.67 ± 2.30%) were also similar (p = .0285). These data are innovative and useful for establishing protocols for this species in both academic and applied sciences.  相似文献   

First report of ovarian epidermoid cyst in a teleost          下载免费PDF全文

E L Silveira  A de M Viott  R L Santos  A A Macêdo  J M R Aranha  M S Menezes 《Journal of fish diseases》2016,39(3):385-388

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Genetic basis of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance to the chitin synthesis inhibitor lufenuron          下载免费PDF全文

Antonio Rogério Bezerra do Nascimento  Juliano Ricardo Farias  Daniel Bernardi  Renato Jun Horikoshi  Celso Omoto 《Pest management science》2016,72(4):810-815

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Filamentous Fungi Isolates of Contaminated Sediment in the Amazon Region with the Potential for Benzo(a)pyrene Degradation     

Hilton Marcelo de Lima Souza  Lara Durães Sette  Adolfo José da Mota  Joaquim Ferreira do Nascimento Neto  André Rodrigues  Tássio Brito de Oliveira  Fernando Mendes de Oliveira  Luiz Antônio de Oliveira  Hileia dos Santos Barroso  Sandra Patricia Zanotto 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(12):431

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Use of Baru (Brazilian Almond) Waste from Physical Extraction of Oil to Produce Gluten Free Cakes     

Pineli  Lívia de Lacerda de Oliveira  de Aguiar  Lorena Andrade  de Oliveira  Guilherme Theodoro  Botelho  Raquel Braz Assunção  Ibiapina  Maria do Desterro Ferreira Pereira  de Lima  Herbert Cavalcanti  Costa  Ana Maria 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2015,70(1):50-55

The extraction of oil from baru almonds produces a waste that carries part of their nutritional qualities and antioxidants. It can be used to produce partially deffated baru flour (PDBF). We aimed to evaluate the applicability of PDBF and the effect of the addition of xanthan gum (XG) to produce gluten free cakes. Cakes were prepared with 100 % wheat flour (WF cake) and with 100 % PDBF and four different levels of XG (0 %-PDBF cake, 0.1 %-X1, 0.2 %-X2 and 0.3 %-X3 cakes), and evaluated for composition, antioxidants, moisture, specific volume, texture and sensory acceptance. PDBF cakes showed lower carbohydrate values, but higher protein, lipids, calories and antioxidant contents. They were rich in fiber, as well as iron, zinc and copper. The replacement of WF by PDBF resulted in an increased hardness and adhesiveness and a decreased cohesiveness, elasticity and moisture. Chewiness of X2 cake was similar to that of WF cake. X2 and X3 cakes showed specific volume closer to that of WF cake. No difference was found among the treatments for texture and appearance acceptances. Flavor of X2 and X3 cakes were more accepted than WF cake. Acceptance of all cakes were in the liking region of hedonic scale. PBDF associated to XG is a feasible option to substitute WF in gluten free cake, improving its nutritional quality.

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Silicon Effects on Metal Tolerance and Structural Changes in Maize (Zea mays L.) Grown on a Cadmium and Zinc Enriched Soil     

da Cunha  Karina Patrícia Vieira  do Nascimento  Clístenes Williams Araújo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,199(1-4):323-341

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - The southern sector of the Guadiana River basin (GRB) drains the central-western part of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, an area with many polymetallic sulfide deposits...  相似文献   

Path analysis for selection of drought tolerant sugarcane genotypes through physiological components     

Paulo Pedro da Silva  Lailton SoaresJoão Gomes da Costa  Luciana da Silva VianaJúlio César Farias de Andrade  Eduardo Rebelo GonçalvesJoão Messias dos Santos  Geraldo Veríssimo de Souza BarbosaVelber Xavier Nascimento  Adriana Reis TodaroAlessandro Riffel  Maria Fatima Grossi-de-SaMárcio Henrique Pereira Barbosa  Antônio Euzébio Goulart Sant’AnaCícero Eduardo Ramalho Neto 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,37(1):11-19

Water deficit is among the main environmental factors limiting agricultural productivity of sugarcane in Northeast Brazil by affecting virtually every aspect of plant growth, with consequent reduction of the agro-industrial productivity of this crop. This study aimed to use path analysis to evaluate the physiological components of sugarcane under two water conditions, with photosynthesis as the basic variable, in order to obtain subsidies that can help the genetic breeding of this crop by selection of superior clones with drought tolerance. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with a completely randomized experimental design, 4 × 2 factorial arrangements (four sugarcane genotypes × two soil moisture regimes: control, with 80-100% available water and stressed, with 0-20% water available) and with four replications. Each plot consisted of one pot with 12 kg of substrate containing one plant. Treatments were maintained at a humidity close to field capacity with daily replacement of the evapotranspired water with a water supply for 66 days of cultivation for treatments under stress. Evaluations were conducted on the fourth day after severe water stress at 70 days of cultivation. Data from nine physiological variables were considered, with six of these being used in the model after exclusion of those that were contributing to multicollinearity. Variables used in path analysis were enough to explain the variation found in photosynthesis under both water conditions. Stomatal conductance, transpiration and the SPAD index should be considered as a priority in breeding programs for sugarcane aiming to get more productive and tolerant genotypes to water stress, and selection indexes should be used with due consideration of these variables to promote gains in photosynthesis.  相似文献   

Density ofAlabama argillacea larvae affects food extraction by females ofPodisus nigrispinus     

A. I. A. Pereira  F. S. Ramalho  J. B. Malaquia  C. M. Bandeira  J. P. S. Silva  J. C. Zanuncio 《Phytoparasitica》2008,36(1):84-94

The food extraction by adult females ofPodisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) from 3 ^rd instarAlabama argillacea (Hübner) larvae was evaluated in the laboratory. The densities studied were converted to weight of prey offered: 15.7 (one larva); 44.1 (three larvae); 71.4 (five larvae); 117.4 (seven larvae) and 148.8 mg (nine larvae). The adult weight, the amount of food consumed, the weight of remaining larvae and the time taken to ingest the food were recorded every 24 h during 9 days to estimate the percentage of food consumed, the quantity and the percentage of food extracted from each larva, the quantity of food extracted per minute and the relative consumption rate. The quantity of food consumed (88.5% to 35.5%) and extracted (90.8% to 35.5%) byP. nigrispinus females from each larva decreased as the food available increased. The time spent byP. nigrispinus to ingest food and the quantity of remaining food were similar during the 9-day period of the adult stage of this predator. No interactions were observed between the age of females of this predator and the prey density. The weight gained (1.2–5.8 mg/9 days), body weight (35.5–42.3 mg) and the relative consumption rate (0.4–1.4 mg/mg/day) by females of this predator increased at a declining rate with the quantity of food available.P. nigrispinus may change its predatory behavior as a function of food available. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 25, 2007.  相似文献