Evaluation of Silicate Minerals for pH Control During Bioremediation: Application to Chlorinated Solvents     

Elsa Lacroix  Alessandro Brovelli  Christof Holliger  D. A. Barry 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(5):2663-2684

Accurate control of groundwater pH is of critical importance for in situ biological treatment of chlorinated solvents. This study evaluated a novel approach for buffering subsurface pH that relies on the use of silicate minerals as a long-term source of alkalinity. A screening methodology based on thermodynamic considerations and numerical simulations was developed to rank silicate minerals according to their buffering efficiency. A geochemical model including the main microbial processes driving groundwater acidification and silicate mineral dissolution was developed. Kinetic and thermodynamic data for silicate minerals dissolution were compiled. Results indicated that eight minerals (nepheline, fayalite, glaucophane, lizardite, grossular, almandine, cordierite, and andradite) could potentially be used as buffering agents for the case considered. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the dominant model parameters and processes. This showed that accurate characterization of mineral kinetic rate constants and solubility are crucial for reliable prediction of the acid-neutralizing capacity. In addition, the model can be used as a design tool to estimate the amount of mineral (total mass and specific surface area) required in field applications.  相似文献   

Genetic and physiological analysis of tolerance to acute iron toxicity in rice     

Lin-Bo Wu  Mohamad Yusser Shhadi  Glenn Gregorio  Elsa Matthus  Mathias Becker  Michael Frei 《Rice》2014,7(1):8

Background

Fe toxicity occurs in lowland rice production due to excess ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) formation in reduced soils. To contribute to the breeding for tolerance to Fe toxicity in rice, we determined quantitative trait loci (QTL) by screening two different bi-parental mapping populations under iron pulse stresses (1,000 mg L⁻¹ = 17.9 mM Fe²⁺ for 5 days) in hydroponic solution, followed by experiments with selected lines to determine whether QTLs were associated with iron exclusion (i.e. root based mechanisms), or iron inclusion (i.e. shoot-based mechanisms).

Results

In an IR29/Pokkali F₈ recombinant inbred population, 7 QTLs were detected for leaf bronzing score on chromosome 1, 2, 4, 7 and 12, respectively, individually explaining 9.2-18.7% of the phenotypic variation. Two tolerant recombinant inbred lines carrying putative QTLs were selected for further experiments. Based on Fe uptake into the shoot, the dominant tolerance mechanism of the tolerant line FL510 was determined to be exclusion with its root architecture being conducive to air transport and thus the ability to oxidize Fe²⁺ in rhizosphere. In line FL483, the iron tolerance was related mainly to shoot-based mechanisms (tolerant inclusion mechanism). In a Nipponbare/Kasalath/Nipponbare backcross inbred population, 3 QTLs were mapped on chromosomes 1, 3 and 8, respectively. These QTLs explained 11.6-18.6% of the total phenotypic variation. The effect of QTLs on chromosome 1 and 3 were confirmed by using chromosome segment substitution lines (SL), carrying Kasalath introgressions in the genetic background on Nipponbare. The Fe uptake in shoots of substitution lines suggests that the effect of the QTL on chromosome 1 was associated with shoot tolerance while the QTL on chromosome 3 was associated with iron exclusion.

Conclusion

Tolerance of certain genotypes were classified into shoot- and root- based mechanisms. Comparing our findings with previously reported QTLs for iron toxicity tolerance, we identified co-localization for some QTLs in both pluse and chronic stresses, especially on chromosome 1.  相似文献   

Migratory delay leads to reduced passage success of Atlantic salmon smolts at a hydroelectric dam          下载免费PDF全文

Daniel Nyqvist  Larry A. Greenberg  Elsa Goerig  Olle Calles  Eva Bergman  William R. Ardren  Theodore Castro‐Santos 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(4):707-718

Passage of fish through hydropower dams is associated with mortality, delay, increased energy expenditure and migratory failure for migrating fish and the need for remedial measures for both upstream and downstream migration is widely recognised. A functional fish passage must ensure safe and timely passage routes that a substantial portion of migrating fish will use. Passage solutions must address not only the number or percentage of fish that successfully pass a barrier, but also the time it takes to pass. Here, we used radiotelemetry to study the functionality of a fish bypass for downstream‐migrating wild‐caught and hatchery‐released Atlantic salmon smolts. We used time‐to‐event analysis to model the influence of fish characteristics and environmental variables on the rates of a series of events associated with dam passage. Among the modelled events were approach rate to the bypass entry zone, retention rates in both the forebay and the entry zone and passage rates. Despite repeated attempts, only 65% of the tagged fish present in the forebay passed the dam. Fish passed via the bypass (33%), via spill (18%) and via turbines (15%). Discharge was positively related to approach, passage and retention rates. We did not detect any differences between wild and hatchery fish. Even though individual fish visited the forebay and the entry zone on multiple occasions, most fish passed during the first exposures to these zones. This study underscores the importance of timeliness to passage success and the usefulness of time‐to‐event analysis for understanding factors governing passage performance.  相似文献   

Brucellosis: A rapid risk assessment by a regional outbreak team and its coordinated response with the Directorate‐General for Food and Veterinary,North region of Portugal, 2019     

Ana Mendes  Bernardo Gomes  Luís Sousa  Helena Moreira  Incia Rosa  Sílvia Marques  Elsa Machado  Graa Cruz Alves  Maria Neto 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(5):587-590

We report a Brucella outbreak with seven cases in the Northern Region of Portugal in 2018–2019, associated with the consumption of fresh cheese. This outbreak has implications for risk assessment in Portuguese migrants related to this area, and it is an example of cooperation between public institutions, in a One Health based approach.  相似文献   

Is the Yelkouan shearwater Puffinus yelkouan threatened by low adult survival probabilities?     

Steffen Oppel  André F. Raine  John J. Borg  Helen Raine  Elsa Bonnaud  Karen Bourgeois  André R. Breton 《Biological conservation》2011,(9):2255-2263

Many seabird species are experiencing population declines, with key factors being high adult mortality caused by fishery by-catch and predation by introduced predators on nesting islands. In the Mediterranean, both of these pressures are intensive and widespread. We studied the adult survival of an endemic Mediterranean seabird, the Yelkouan shearwater (Puffinus yelkouan), between 1969–1994 and 2007–2010 in Malta and between 2004–2010 in France using mark–recapture methods. Mean annual survival probabilities for breeding adults were below 0.9 for all colonies and periods. Between 1969–1994, annual survival for adults of unknown breeding status was on average 0.74 (95% confidence interval: 0.69–0.80) in Malta, possibly as a result of various human disturbances (including illegal shooting), light pollution and fisheries by-catch. Over the period 2004–2010, we found strong support for variation in adult survival probabilities between breeders and non-breeders, and islands with and without introduced predators in France. Survival probabilities for non-breeders (0.95, 0.81–1.0) appeared to be higher than for breeders (0.82, 0.70–0.94), but were imprecise partly due to low recapture probabilities. In Malta, we found evidence for heterogeneity in survival probabilities between two unknown groups (probably breeders and non-breeders), and seasonal variation in survival probability. Birds were more likely to survive the period including the peak breeding season than an equally long period during which they roam widely at sea. Although annual adult survival probability was still low (0.85, 0.58–1.0), colony protection measures appear to have reduced mortality at nesting cliffs. A population model indicated that colonies in France and Malta would currently require continuous immigration of 5–12 pairs per year to maintain stable populations. Our estimates of adult survival probabilities over the past four decades are consistent with overall population declines. Threats to Yelkouan shearwaters require immediate management actions to avoid ongoing population declines in the western Mediterranean.  相似文献   

Subunit influenza vaccine candidate based on CD154 fused to HAH5 increases the antibody titers and cellular immune response in chickens     

Pose AG  Gómez JN  Sánchez AV  Redondo AV  Rodríguez ER  Seguí RM  Ramos EM  Moltó MP  Rodríguez ES  Cordero LR  Mallón AR  Nordelo CB 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,152(3-4):328-337

World Health Organization has a great concern about the spreading of avian influenza virus H5N1. To counteract its massive spread, poultry vaccination is highly recommended together with biosecurity measures. In our study, a recombinant vaccine candidate based on the fusion of extracellular segments of hemagglutinin (HA) H5 of avian influenza virus and chicken CD154 (HACD) is tested with the aim of enhancing humoral and cellular immune responses in chickens. Protein expression was carried out by transducing several mammalian cell lines with recombinant adenoviral vectors. HACD purification was assessed by three distinct purification protocols: immunoaffinity chromatography by elution at acidic pH or with a chaotropic agent and size exclusion chromatography. Humoral and cellular immune responses were measured using the hemagglutination inhibition assay and the semiquantitative real time PCR, respectively. The results showed that humoral response against HACD was significantly higher than the obtained with HA alone after booster (P<0.01, P<0.05). From HACD molecules purified by distinct protocols, only the obtained by size exclusion chromatography generated hemagglutinationin-inhibition activity. IFN-γ levels indicated that cellular immune response was significantly higher with HACD, in its pure or impure form, compared to its counterpart HA (P<0.01). These data demonstrate that HACD is able to significantly enhance humoral and cellular immune responses against HA antigen, which make this fusion protein a promising subunit vaccine candidate against H5N1 virus outbreaks.  相似文献   

A new genus and two new,rare freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae) species endemic to Borneo are threatened by ongoing habitat destruction     

Alexandra Zieritz  Leonardo Jainih  John Pfeiffer  Khairul Adha A. Rahim  Hari Prayogo  Muhammad Sofwan Anwari  Arman Hadi Fikri  Farah Diba  Hussein Taha  Zohrah Sulaiman  Elsa Froufe  Manuel Lopes-Lima 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(11):3169-3183

1. Most of the Bornean endemic freshwater mussel (Unionida) species known to date have not been recorded by science for the past 50 years or more, owing to a lack of research effort and presumed population losses.
2. This study assessed current patterns and recent changes in the diversity and distribution of freshwater mussels in north-eastern Borneo. Physical surveys and interviews were conducted at 24 sites, and anecdotal evidence for current or historical presence of mussels was collected for a further 13 sites.
3. Native species, i.e. Schepmania sp. and Khairuloconcha sahanae gen. & sp. nov., were only found in one small stream of the Kinabatangan River basin within the Gomantong Forest Reserve, whereas the non-native Sinanodonta cf. woodiana was common across the study area.
4. Molecular phylogenetics (five genes) of the native taxa, including comparative material from West Kalimantan and Sarawak, revealed: (i) the presence of a new genus with two new, rare species: Khairuloconcha lunbawangorum sp. nov. in the Limbang River basin and K. sahanae in the Kinabatangan River basin; (ii) that Khairuloconcha and Ctenodesma form the Bornean endemic tribe Ctenodesmini trib. nov.; and (iii) that Schepmania represents another Bornean endemic tribe Schepmaniini trib. nov.
5. Both Khairuloconcha gen. nov. species are known from a single stream each and are apparently restricted to forest stream habitats where they occur at very low densities. Schepmania appears to have a severely contracted range in the Kinabatangan and adjacent basins. We urgently call for full protection of the currently known sites of K. lunbawangorum and K. sahanae, and development of an action plan to save the Bornean freshwater mussel fauna.

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Wide distribution of Nitzschia navis-varingica, a new domoic acid-producing benthic diatom found in Vietnam   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yuichi  KOTAKI  Nina  LUNDHOLM  Hideyuki  ONODERA  Kenji  KOBAYASHI  Fe Farida  A BAJARIAS  Elsa F  FURIO  Mitsunori  IWATAKI  Yasuwo  FUKUYO  Masaaki  KODAMA 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(1):28-32

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Incubation of embryos and larvae of marine fish using microtiter plates     

Elsa B. Panini  Constantinos C. Mylonas  Sylvia Zanuy  Manuel Carrillo  Jesus Ramos  Michael P. Bruce 《Aquaculture International》2002,9(2):189-196

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Effect of Long-Term in Vitro Sub-culturing on Quality Degeneration of Sweet Potato Varieties： Morpho- Anatomic Assessment and Simple Sequence Repeats Analysis     

Mihiretu Cherinet Hundayehu  ;Elsa Du Toit  ;Sunette Laurie  ;Martin Steyn  ;Ria Greyling  ;Nokuthula Myeza 《农业科学与技术》2014,(10):811-821

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of long-term in vitro sub-culturing on the varietal degeneration of three sweet potato varieties, namely, Monate, Mokone and Ndou which were sub-cultured for 32, 23 and 12 generations, respectively. Each generation was cultured in a media which is made from 4.43 g/L Murashige and Skoog （MS）, 30 g/L sucrose and 2 g/L gelrite, respectively, and grown under 16 h light and 8 h dark photoperiod for 30 d. For each generation, 45 plantlets were acclimatized for two months in a glasshouse. Data on in vitro growth performance and 11 morphological characteristics during acclimatization were recorded. Early root and shoot formation was observed after the 27th and 21st sub-cultured generations of Monate and Mokone, respectively. During acclimatization, plantlets from the same variety showed differences in morphological traits such as leaf colour, abaxial leaf pigmentation, vine pigmentation, petiole pigmentation, leaf wrinkling and flowering. However, the rate of these morphological differences is random and irrespective to increase in sub-culturing. Therefore, to understand the genetic base of these morphological variability, two plantlets from each variety were subjected to genetic analysis by using five simple sequence repeat （SSR） primers （IB-242, IB-318, IB-255F, 1B-248 and IB-255）. Although SSR loci IB-255F and IB-318 could distinguish between the three varieties, there were no allelic polymorphisms detected in plantlets from the same varieties. Therefore, long-term sub-culturing do not leads to quality degeneration in the three sweet potato varieties.  相似文献