A retrospective comparison of two analgesic strategies after uncomplicated tibial plateau levelling osteotomy in dogs     

Gianluca Bini  Enzo Vettorato  Chiara De Gennaro  Federico Corletto 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(4):557-565

Objective

To compare the efficacy and side effects of postoperative methadone administered according to pain score (PS) or every 4 hours (Q4), after unilateral uncomplicated tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs in which a peripheral nerve block (PNB) was administered.

Study design

Retrospective, case-control study.

Animals

Clinical records of dogs that underwent a TPLO in 2015 were retrieved; 136 out of 174 dogs were included: 52 assigned to group PS, 84 to group Q4.

Methods

In group PS, methadone was administered according to the short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF), whereas in group Q4 methadone was administered at 4 hour intervals. Demographic data, anaesthetic technique, surgery time, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, PNB performed, local anaesthetic used and dose, anti-inflammatory drugs administered, end-expiratory fraction of isoflurane, perioperative opioid consumption, time to first postoperative methadone administration, pain scores, time to first pain score, food intake, number of postoperative observations, presence/absence of specific keywords representing the general state and behaviour of the animal, use of the operated limb and reaction to wound palpation were retrieved. Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, Student t test or Mann–Whitney U test were used, considering p < 0.05 significant. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, when indicated.

Results

Four times more methadone was administered to dogs in group Q4, and whilst not having lower pain scores or better short-term outcome (e.g. toe-touching and weight bearing), were 23.42 times (1.37 to 400.40) more likely to vomit, 3.76 (1.50 to 9.49) more likely to vocalize, and their food intake was 38% less than dogs in group PS. No dogs in group PS vomited postoperatively.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Administration of methadone Q4 caused more side effects than administration guided by CMPS-SF. This should be considered when planning postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing uncomplicated TPLO and in which a PNB has been performed.  相似文献   

Sequentially Extracted Arsenic from Different Size Fractions of Contaminated Soils   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Lombi  E.  Sletten  R. S.  Wenzel  W. W. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2000,124(3-4):319-332

Five soils from Austria that have high contents of arsenic (As)due to anthropogenic and/or geogenic sources were separated intosand, silt, and clay fractions. The distribution of As among theparticle-size fractions was clay >> silt > sand. Theparticle-size fractions were analysed according to an 8-stepsequential extraction procedure (SEP) designed to assess theprimary reservoirs and extractability of As. Steps 1 and 2,(i.e. NH₄NO₃ and (NH₄)₂SO₄) extractedthe least As, while considerably greater amounts were extractedin steps 3, 4 and 5 (i.e. NH₄H₂PO₄,NH₂OH-HCl, and NH₄F). The greatest amounts of As wereextracted in steps 6 and 7, both NH₄-oxalate extractantstargeting the amorphous and crystalline oxide fractions. Theresidual fraction (step 8) was typically low. The extraction ofthe clays contained generally more As in steps 3 to 8, while Asrelease in the first two steps was typically highest in the sandand silt fractions. These findings are in accord with factoranalysis indicating that the extractants of the SEP areseparated into weak (steps 1 and 2) and strong (steps 3 to 8)extractants. SEP data along with microprobe analyses (X-raymicroanalyses) indicate that most As is associated with Fe andis therefore not readily mobile. Anyhow, As could be releasedupon changes in redox potential or pH. The greaterextractability of As from sand fractions using weak extractantsmay explain the higher toxicity of As in coarse-textured soils,as found in previous studies.  相似文献   

Polyphosphate‐fertilizer solution stability with time,temperature, and pH     

Therese M. McBeath  Enzo Lombi  Michael J. McLaughlin  Else K. Bünemann 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2007,170(3):387-391

Ammonium polyphosphate fertilizers are gaining popularity in agricultural industry due to ease of application and yield benefits in calcareous soils. In this study, the effects of temperature, pH, and time on the stability of ammonium polyphosphate–fertilizer solution simulating a range of storage conditions were evaluated. Ion chromatography was used for the speciation of orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, and tripolyphosphate in the polyphosphate‐fertilizer solution over time. Polyphosphate solutions were very stable when the pH was maintained close to neutral (pH 6.4) and the temperature was less than 25°C. In contrast, at the lowest pH (2.3) and highest temperature (50°C) almost all tripolyphosphate and 96% of pyrophosphate was hydrolyzed after 28 d. The hydrolysis rate constant for tripolyphosphate at 50°C was calculated to be 9.2 × 10^–7 s^–1 and the half‐life 20 d. At 25°C, the half‐life of tripolyphosphate was 34 d at pH 2.3 and 174 d at pH 5.4. The activation energy at pH 2.3 was 12.7 kJ mol^–1. The results demonstrate that increasing temperature and decreasing pH have a deleterious effect on the stability of condensed P species in polyphosphate fertilizer. The effect of acidification on polyphosphate‐fertilizer composition requires consideration when formulating mixed ammonium polyphosphate blends with acids and trace elements for application in the field.  相似文献   

Influence of grape density and harvest date on changes in phenolic composition, phenol extractability indices, and instrumental texture properties during ripening     

Rolle L  Segade SR  Torchio F  Giacosa S  Cagnasso E  Marengo F  Gerbi V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(16):8796-8805

Changes in the phenolic composition, phenol extractability indices, and mechanical properties occur in grape berries during the ripening process, but the heterogeneity of the grapes harvested at different ripening stages affects the reliability of the results obtained. In this work, these changes were studied in Nebbiolo grapes harvested during five consecutive weeks and then separated according to three density classes. The changes observed in chemical and mechanical parameters through the ripening process are more related to berry density than harvest date. Therefore, the winemaker has to select the flotation density according to the objective quality properties of the wine to be elaborated. On the other hand, the stiffer grapes were associated with a higher accumulation of proanthocyanidins. The harder grapes provided the higher concentration and extractability of flavanols reactive to vanillin, whereas the thicker ones facilitated the extraction of proanthocyanidins.  相似文献   

Reactive Modeling of Denitrification in Soils with Natural and Depleted Organic Matter     

Mic��l Mastrocicco  Nicol�� Colombani  Enzo Salemi  Giuseppe Castaldelli 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,222(1-4):205-215

Nitrogen fertilizers used in agriculture often cause nitrate leaching towards shallow groundwater, especially in lowland areas where the flat topography minimize the surface run off. In order to introduce good agricultural practices that reduce the amount of nitrate entering the groundwater system, it is important to quantify the kinetic control on nitrate attenuation capacity. With this aim, a series of anaerobic batch experiments, consisting of loamy soils and nitrate-contaminated groundwater, were carried out using acetate and natural dissolved organic matter as electron donors. Acetate was chosen because it is the main intermediate species in many biodegradation pathways of organic compounds, and it is a suitable carbon source for denitrification. Sorption of acetate was also determined, fitting a Langmuir isotherm in both natural and artificially depleted organic matter soils. Experiments were performed in quadruplicate to account for the spatial variability of soil parameters. The geochemical code PHREEQC (version 2) was used to simulate kinetic denitrification using Monod equation, equilibrium Langmuir sorption of acetate, and equilibrium reactions of gas and mineral phases (calcite). The reactive modeling results highlighted a rapid acetate and nitrate mineralization rate, suggesting that the main pathway of nitrate attenuation is through denitrification while calcite acted as a buffer for pH. However, in the absence of acetate, the natural content of organic matter did not allow to complete the denitrification process leading to nitrite accumulation. Reactive modeling is thought to be an efficient and robust tool to quantify the complex biogeochemical reactions which can take place in underground environments.  相似文献   

Transient regenerative potential of the neonatal mouse heart   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Porrello ER  Mahmoud AI  Simpson E  Hill JA  Richardson JA  Olson EN  Sadek HA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6020):1078-1080

Certain fish and amphibians retain a robust capacity for cardiac regeneration throughout life, but the same is not true of the adult mammalian heart. Whether the capacity for cardiac regeneration is absent in mammals or whether it exists and is switched off early after birth has been unclear. We found that the hearts of 1-day-old neonatal mice can regenerate after partial surgical resection, but this capacity is lost by 7 days of age. This regenerative response in 1-day-old mice was characterized by cardiomyocyte proliferation with minimal hypertrophy or fibrosis, thereby distinguishing it from repair processes. Genetic fate mapping indicated that the majority of cardiomyocytes within the regenerated tissue originated from preexisting cardiomyocytes. Echocardiography performed 2 months after surgery revealed that the regenerated ventricular apex had normal systolic function. Thus, for a brief period after birth, the mammalian heart appears to have the capacity to regenerate.  相似文献   

Chronotropic effect of propofol or alfaxalone following fentanyl administration in healthy dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Sayaka Okushima  Enzo Vettorato  Federico Corletto 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2015,42(1):88-92

ObjectiveTo compare the effect of alfaxalone and propofol on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) after fentanyl administration in healthy dogs.Study designProspective, randomised clinical study.AnimalsFifty healthy client owned dogs (ASA I/II) requiring general anaesthesia for elective magnetic resonance imaging for neurological conditions.MethodsAll dogs received fentanyl 7 μg kg⁻¹ IV and were allocated randomly to receive either alfaxalone (n = 25) or propofol (n = 25) to effect until endotracheal (ET) intubation was possible. Heart rate and oscillometric BP were measured before fentanyl (baseline), after fentanyl (Time F) and after ET intubation (Time GA). Post-induction apnoea were recorded. Data were analysed using Fisher’s exact test, Mann Whitney U test and one-way anova for repeated measures as appropriate; p value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsDogs receiving propofol showed a greater decrease in HR (-14 beat minute⁻¹, range -47 to 10) compared to alfaxalone (1 beat minute⁻¹, range -33 to 26) (p = 0.0116). Blood pressure decreased over the three time periods with no difference between groups. Incidence of post-induction apnoea was not different between groups.ConclusionFollowing fentanyl administration, anaesthetic induction with propofol resulted in a greater negative chronotropic effect while alfaxalone preserved or increased HR.Clinical relevanceFollowing fentanyl administration, HR decreases more frequently when propofol rather than alfaxalone is used as induction agent. However, given the high individual variability and the small change in predicted HR (-7.7 beats per minute after propofol), the clinical impact arising from choosing propofol or alfaxalone is likely to be small in healthy animals. Further studies in dogs with myocardial disease and altered haemodynamics are warranted.  相似文献   

Arsenic adsorption by soils and iron-oxide-coated sand: kinetics and reversibility     

Enzo Lombi  Walter W. Wenzel  Ronald S. Sletten 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1999,162(4):451-456

Arsenic has recently received increasing attention due to its high toxicity and to the possible risks for human and environmental health associated with As-polluted soils. The present work deals with the kinetics and reversibility of As sorption by Fe-oxide-coated sand (IOCS) and soils with different chemical and physical characteristics. Soils and IOCS were equilibrated for five different periods of time with solutions containing As (III) and/or (V) in order to study the kinetics of As adsorption. After 1, 10 and 30 days of equilibration soils and IOCS were sequentially extracted to assess the effect of aging on the binding forms of As. The kinetics of arsenite and arsenate adsorption varied among the soils as a result of differential soil characteristics. The conversion of As to less mobile forms was demonstrated using a sequential extraction. The amount of As extracted with weaker extractants decreased with time whereas the amount of As in more recalcitrant fractions increased. This conversion is expected to render As less mobile and toxic with time after addition to the soil.  相似文献   

Prolonged intravenous infusion of alfaxalone in a cat     

Enzo Vettorato 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(5):551-552

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A metabolomic approach to the evaluation of the origin of extra virgin olive oil: a convenient statistical treatment of mass spectrometric analytical data     

Cavaliere B  De Nino A  Hayet F  Lazez A  Macchione B  Moncef C  Perri E  Sindona G  Tagarelli A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(4):1454-1462

The selection of suitable markers from the secondary metabolism of lipoxygenase, in experimental olive oils produced from drupes harvested in different areas of the Italian Calabria region and of Tunisia, allows an easy discrimination between each cluster of samples. The origin of the foodstuff can be ascertained even when the distances between the production zones are very close to each other as in Calabria. Olive oils produced from irrigated and nonirrigated farms in Tunisia were also clearly distinguishable. The markers were detected by chemical ionization mass spectrometry with an ion trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry apparatus. The quantitative data of Calabrian olive oil samples were subjected to linear discriminant analysis, whereas the Tunisian data were treated by means of other two statistical tools, i.e., the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Wald-Wolfowitz test.  相似文献