Support for a colleague     

Alatalo RV  Aragón S  Avilés JM  Barbosa A  Gomes CB  Cadée N  Christe P  Cuervo JJ  Díaz M  Erritzøe J  Galeotti P  Garamszegi LZ  Gil D  Gontard-Danek M  Legendre S  Martin TE  Martínez J  Martín-Vivaldi M  Martínez JG  Merino S  Moreno J  Mousseau T  Ninni P  Petrie M  Pulido F  Rubolini D  Saino N  Soler JJ  Soler M  Spottiswoode C  Szép T  Thornhill R  Zamora C  Sacchi R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5664):1612

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The influence of detergents on the development of ciliate communities in activated sludge     

Genoveva Esteban  Carmen Tellez 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1992,61(1-2):185-190

The present study was conducted in a full-scale activated-sludge plant to evaluate the influence of detergent concentration on the development of ciliated protozoa during the biological treatment of wastewater. Density and diversity of ciliates were determined in relation to detergents entering the aeration tanks. Results suggest that a threshold of detergent concentration in wastewater entering the aeration tanks for an efficient biological process is 10 mg L^?1. Values higher than this, yield a significant decrease in ciliate populations.  相似文献   

Survey of persistent organochlorine contaminants (PCBs, PCDD/Fs, and PAHs), heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, and Hg), and arsenic in food samples from Huelva (Spain): levels and health implications     

Bordajandi LR  Gómez G  Abad E  Rivera J  Del Mar Fernández-Bastón M  Blasco J  González MJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(4):992-1001

Concentrations of PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs, heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, and Hg), and arsenic have been determined in a great variety of food samples purchased in different markets across the city of Huelva, located in southwestern Spain and under strong industrial activity. All samples analyzed presented concentrations below the maximum allowed by the European Community regarding PCDD/Fs, with the exception of samples within the meat group. An estimation of the daily intake resulted in 1.15 pg of WHO(PCDD/Fs)-TEQ/kg of body weight/day for a 70 kg person and 2.63 pg of WHO-TEQ/kg of body weight/day when PCBs were included, therefore accounting for a similar or even higher percentage than PCDD/Fs and showing the importance of their inclusion in monitoring studies. Meat and meat products, together with vegetable oils and dairy products, were the major food groups contributing to the estimated daily intake. For heavy metals and arsenic, the concentrations found were under the value proposed by European regulations, and estimated daily intakes were well below those proposed by the WHO for all metals investigated. PAHs have been analyzed in food samples from marine origin, values ranging from 8.22 to 71.4 ng/g of fresh weight. Pyrene was the most abundant compound, accounting for >80% in the samples investigated. The most carcinogenic PAHs, such as benzo[a]pyrene and dibenz[a,h]anthracene, were in all cases below the limits of detection. Therefore, the samples analyzed in this survey can be considered as safe with regard to the levels obtained and the in-force legislation.  相似文献   

Yield and fruit quality losses caused by ToMV in pepino (Solanum muricatum L.) and search for sources of resistance     

L. Pérez-Benlloch  J. Prohens  S. Soler  F. Nuez 《Euphytica》2001,120(2):247-256

Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) is a limiting factor for the success of pepino (Solarium muricatum) as a new crop. The effects of ToMV infection on total and marketable yield, fruit weight, length/width ratio and soluble solids content (SSC) have been studied in two commercial clones (`Sweet Long' and `Sweet Round'). ToMV infection depressed total yield in infected plants of `Sweet Long' (43.1%), while it had no effect on this trait in `Sweet Round' . Marketable yield was dramatically reduced by ToMV infection in both clones, 94% in `Sweet Long' and 100% in `Sweet Round'. Infected plants of clone `Sweet Long' had a lower weight than healthy plants. Although no differences in fruit weight were detected in `Sweet Round' between ToMV infected and healthy plants, many fruits from infected plants showed deformities. Changes in fruit length/width ratio and SSC as a result of ToMV infection were not relevant, but fruit quality was lower in infected fruits, most of which had corky-like flesh. Forty-two clones from cultivated (S. muricatum), wild (S. caripense and S. tabanoense) and interspecific hybrids were tested for ToMV resistance. All but seven clones (four from S. muricatum and three from interspecific hybrids S. muricatum × S. caripense) were susceptible. Non-susceptible clones showed variable degrees of resistance and developed hypersensitive local lesions. Among these clones the most promising as sources of variation for resistance to ToMV are those belonging to the cultivated species. Although no immunity was found, plants from these clones remained asymptomatic and absorbance values resulting from the DAS-ELISA tests in these plants were always lower than those of the susceptible control (cv. `Sweet Round'). These sources of resistance may be of great utility in developing commercial clones resistant to this severe disease affecting pepino. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Marker assisted selection to improve HMW-glutenins in wheat   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

A. de Bustos  P. Rubio  C. Soler  P. García  N. Jouve 《Euphytica》2001,119(1-2):69-73

The present work presents the application of new markers based on thePCR technology to amplify the complete coding sequence of the specificalleles of the high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin genes. A set ofAS-PCR molecular markers of the Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 genes wasdesigned, making use of the minor differences between the sequences of thex1, xNull and x2 of Glu-A1, x2, x5, y10 and y12 of Glu-D1. These markers were applied to assist selection inbackcross progenies to improve the glutenin quality in Spanish wheat. Theselection was also assisted using other polymorphic systems (AFLPs) inrecovering the genetic background of the recurrent parent.  相似文献   

Relationship between common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) gluten proteins and dough rheological properties     

Elpidio Peña  Angeles Bernardo  Consuelo Soler  Nicolás Jouve 《Euphytica》2005,143(1-2):169-177

This paper reports the correlation between the rheological properties of bread wheat dough and the types and quantities of endosperm proteins in 28 common wheat cultivars. Different methods were used to analyse the allelic composition of these cultivars and the relative quantities of the different proteins contributing to the gluten structure. Neither dough strength (W) nor tenacity/extensibility (P/L) correlated with allelic composition. Different wheats with the same allelic composition (i.e., with respect to glutenins) showed different rheological properties. The glutenins were the most influential components of W and P/L, especially the high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits and in particular the type x form. These proteins seem to increase W and are the main constituents of the gluten network. The gliadins and low molecular weight (LMW) glutenin subunits appear to act as a “solvent”, and thus modify the rheological properties of the dough by either interfering with the polymerisation of the HMW glutenin subunits, or by altering the relative amounts of the different types of glutenin available. Thus, the protein subunits coded for by the alleles Glu-B1x7 and Glu-D1x5 stabilised the gluten network, whereas those coded for by Glu-B1x17 and Glu-D1x2 had the opposite effect. Dough properties therefore appear to depend on the glutenin/gliadins balance, and on the ratio of the type x and type y HMW proteins. The influence of external factors seems to depend on the allelic composition of each cultivar.  相似文献   

Fishmeal replacement by alfalfa protein concentrate in sharp snout sea bream Diplodus puntazzo     

Stavros Chatzifotis  Angela G Esteban  Pascal Divanach 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(6):1313-1315

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Climate and groundwater effects on the establishment, growth and death of Prosopis caldenia trees in the Pampas (Argentina)     

Stella M. Bogino  Esteban G. Jobbágy 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(9):1766-1774

Semiarid woodlands dominated by Prosopis caldenia thrive at the dry edge of the Argentinean Pampas. Deforestation and increased precipitation have driven sustained water table level rise in the region that are likely to affect the dynamics of remnant woody vegetation patches. Here we analyze the effect of climate and groundwater level on the establishment, growth and death of P. caldenia located on lowland (current water table <0.5 m deep) and upland (current water table 8 m deep) positions within rolling sandy landscape. Standard dendrochronological techniques were applied on 98 cross sections and cores of P. caldenia trees. Results allowed us to estimated that trees in the lowland established a few years earlier than in the upland (1929 vs. 1936) and died between 1991 and 2002, while trees in higher positions are still alive. As a result of a faster growth in the lowland, maximum mean basal area increment took place earlier (1950s vs. 1990s) and achieved a higher mean value than in the upland (41.63 vs. 37.41 mm²). While mean annual chronologies were not associated across stands, an opposite highly significant association was found for the mean growth trends suggesting long-term effects of water table depths on growth. We found a different association between mean annual growth and climate, with lowland trees showing a negative response to precipitation before and during the growing season, and upland trees displaying a positive response to summer rainfall inputs. Temperature at the end of the growing season had a positive effect in the lowland whereas temperature during the growing season had a positive effect in the upland. These results show how groundwater can induce diverging sensitivity of forest growth and survival to climate variability, enhancing growth at optimum depths (2-8 m in our study) but depressing it or even killing trees when it approaches the surface (<2 m in our study). Groundwater dynamic should be considered in forest management and conservation strategies in semiarid woodlands in Central Argentina.  相似文献   

New sources for high resistance of tomato to the tomato spotted wilt virus from Lycopersicon peruvianum     

S. Roselló    S. Soler    M. J. Díez    J. L. Rambla    C. Richarte  F. Nuez 《Plant Breeding》1999,118(5):425-429

Mechanical inoculation and transmission by thrips in a growth chamber were used in order to screen Lycopersicon peruvianumand Lycopersicon chilense germplasm for tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) resistance. Two highly aggressive Spanish TSWV isolates (HA-931100 and T-941117), having different restrictotypes were used. L. peruvianum accessions PI-126935, PI-126944, CIAPAN 16, PE-18 and CIAPAN 17 showed high resistance to both isolates in mechanical and thrips transmission. Their resistance appears useful in breeding programmes.  相似文献   

Effect of fermentation and autoclaving on dietary fiber fractions and antinutritional factors of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)     

Martín-Cabrejas MA  Sanfiz B  Vidal A  Mollá E  Esteban R  López-Andréu FJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(2):261-266

The effect of fermentation on antinutritional factors and also on total dietary fiber (TDF), insoluble (IDF) and soluble (SDF) dietary fiber fractions was studied in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The processes studied were two types of fermentation (lactic acid and natural), and a portion of the obtained flours were processed by autoclaving. The dietary fiber (DF) content and its components were determined using the enzymatic-gravimetric and enzymatic-chemical methods. The TDF content ranged from 24.5% dry matter (DM) in the raw to 25.2% DM in the processed beans. All the processing treatments significantly decreased the SDF content, and irrelevant changes were noticed in the IDF content of processed beans. Cellulose content of all samples was reduced by the processing treatments. Correspondingly, higher amounts of resistant starch was observed in the processed beans, except in the lactic acid fermented ones. However, the levels of pectic polysaccharides and Klason lignin were higher in the samples fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum. The action of microorganisms was determinant for the different degradation of the bean cell wall, disrupting the protein-carbohydrate integration, thus reducing the solubility of DF.  相似文献