ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the classification,diagnosis, and management of cardiomyopathies in cats     

Virginia Luis Fuentes  Jonathan Abbott  Valérie Chetboul  Etienne Côté  Philip R. Fox  Jens Häggström  Mark D. Kittleson  Karsten Schober  Joshua A. Stern 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(3):1062-1077

Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of myocardial disorders of mostly unknown etiology, and they occur commonly in cats. In some cats, they are well-tolerated and are associated with normal life expectancy, but in other cats they can result in congestive heart failure, arterial thromboembolism or sudden death. Cardiomyopathy classification in cats can be challenging, and in this consensus statement we outline a classification system based on cardiac structure and function (phenotype). We also introduce a staging system for cardiomyopathy that includes subdivision of cats with subclinical cardiomyopathy into those at low risk of life-threatening complications and those at higher risk. Based on the available literature, we offer recommendations for the approach to diagnosis and staging of cardiomyopathies, as well as for management at each stage.  相似文献   

Elastomeric transistor stamps: reversible probing of charge transport in organic crystals     

Sundar VC  Zaumseil J  Podzorov V  Menard E  Willett RL  Someya T  Gershenson ME  Rogers JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5664):1644-1646

We introduce a method to fabricate high-performance field-effect transistors on the surface of freestanding organic single crystals. The transistors are constructed by laminating a monolithic elastomeric transistor stamp against the surface of a crystal. This method, which eliminates exposure of the fragile organic surface to the hazards of conventional processing, enables fabrication of rubrene transistors with charge carrier mobilities as high as approximately 15 cm2/V.s and subthreshold slopes as low as 2nF.V/decade.cm2. Multiple relamination of the transistor stamp against the same crystal does not affect the transistor characteristics; we exploit this reversibility to reveal anisotropic charge transport at the basal plane of rubrene.  相似文献   

Genome sequence of Theileria parva, a bovine pathogen that transforms lymphocytes     

Gardner MJ  Bishop R  Shah T  de Villiers EP  Carlton JM  Hall N  Ren Q  Paulsen IT  Pain A  Berriman M  Wilson RJ  Sato S  Ralph SA  Mann DJ  Xiong Z  Shallom SJ  Weidman J  Jiang L  Lynn J  Weaver B  Shoaibi A  Domingo AR  Wasawo D  Crabtree J  Wortman JR  Haas B  Angiuoli SV  Creasy TH  Lu C  Suh B  Silva JC  Utterback TR  Feldblyum TV  Pertea M  Allen J  Nierman WC  Taracha EL  Salzberg SL  White OR  Fitzhugh HA  Morzaria S  Venter JC  Fraser CM  Nene V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5731):134-137

We report the genome sequence of Theileria parva, an apicomplexan pathogen causing economic losses to smallholder farmers in Africa. The parasite chromosomes exhibit limited conservation of gene synteny with Plasmodium falciparum, and its plastid-like genome represents the first example where all apicoplast genes are encoded on one DNA strand. We tentatively identify proteins that facilitate parasite segregation during host cell cytokinesis and contribute to persistent infection of transformed host cells. Several biosynthetic pathways are incomplete or absent, suggesting substantial metabolic dependence on the host cell. One protein family that may generate parasite antigenic diversity is not telomere-associated.  相似文献   

Soft X-ray-driven femtosecond molecular dynamics     

Gagnon E  Ranitovic P  Tong XM  Cocke CL  Murnane MM  Kapteyn HC  Sandhu AS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5843):1374-1378

The direct observation of molecular dynamics initiated by x-rays has been hindered to date by the lack of bright femtosecond sources of short-wavelength light. We used soft x-ray beams generated by high-harmonic upconversion of a femtosecond laser to photoionize a nitrogen molecule, creating highly excited molecular cations. A strong infrared pulse was then used to probe the ultrafast electronic and nuclear dynamics as the molecule exploded. We found that substantial fragmentation occurs through an electron-shakeup process, in which a second electron is simultaneously excited during the soft x-ray photoionization process. During fragmentation, the molecular potential seen by the electron changes rapidly from nearly spherically symmetric to a two-center molecular potential. Our approach can capture in real time and with angstrom resolution the influence of ionizing radiation on a range of molecular systems, probing dynamics that are inaccessible with the use of other techniques.  相似文献   

Neuroscience. Attractors in memory     

Poucet B  Save E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5723):799-800

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Leucaena and dried poultry waste improve the performance of West African Dwarf sheep on a grass diet     

Euphresia Besongtakor Agbor  Kenneth Jacob Ngoh Ndamukong  Etienne Tendonkeng Pamo 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(4):1025-1029

This study investigated the effects on digestibility and growth when West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep were fed a basal diet of Tripsacum laxum with Leucaena leucocephala or dried poultry waste as supplement. Fifteen WAD sheep (12 rams and 3 ewes) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments of 5 animals each, namely T1—basal diet of chopped T. laxum (control), T2—basal diet plus dried poultry waste, and T3—basal diet plus L. leucocephala. Animals had access to drinking water and a mineral mix ad libitum. They were weighed weekly after a 2-week adaptation period, for a duration of 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, three rams randomly selected from each treatment group were used for the digestibility study. Results revealed that average daily intake of L. leucocephala (350.0?±?0.3 g/animal) was higher than that of dried poultry waste (260.0?±?0.1 g/animal). The supplemented groups, T2 and T3, gained 21.4 and 31.0 g daily respectively, while animals of the control group (T1) lost 6.0 g daily. There was a significant difference (P?<?0.01) in dry matter intake between the control and supplemented groups, with T2 recording the highest intake. Organic matter intake of treatment 3 was significantly (P?<?0.01) higher than that of T1 and T2. The differences in crude fibre (CF) ingestion between T2 and T1 as well as T3 and T1 were significant (P?<?0.01), with the highest ingestion of CF occurring in T1. The dry matter digestibility of the supplemented groups was significantly higher (P?<?0.05) than that of the control. The organic matter digestibility of T2 and T3, as well as T1 and T3 were significantly different (P?<?0.05), being highest in T3 (77.0?±?2.1 %) and lowest in T2 (58.1?±?1.0 %) It was concluded from the study that T. laxum can be better utilized in West African Dwarf sheep when supplemented with dried poultry waste or L. leucocephala.  相似文献   

A mycobacterial coinfection in a dog suspected on blood smear     

Claire‐Lise Etienne  Fanny Granat  Catherine Trumel  Isabelle Raymond‐Letron  Marie‐Noëlle Lucas  Corine Boucraut‐Baralon  Jean‐Luc Pingret  Laurent Magne  Maxence Delverdier 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2013,42(4):516-521

A 4‐year‐old neutered female crossbred Shepherd was referred for a history of 10 days of anorexia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyadenomegaly, and diarrhea. On physical examination, the dog appeared quiet, responsive, and apyretic, with generalized and severe lymphadenomegaly. Hematologic abnormalities included neutrophilic leukocytosis with left shift, and lymphopenia. Blood smears revealed intracytoplasmic bacilli negatively stained with May–Grünwald–Giemsa in neutrophils and monocytes. Lymph node smears revealed pyogranulomatous adenitis with calcified deposits and many negative‐staining rod structures, both within the cytoplasm of neutrophils and macrophages, and free in the background. An acid‐fast stain (Ziehl–Neelsen) confirmed the diagnosis of mycobacterial infection. The dog was euthanized for public health and ethical reasons, and the postmortem examination revealed severe and generalized granulomatous and necrotizing lymphadenitis, panniculitis, and hepatitis, and infiltration of epithelioid macrophages in the lungs, colon, and spleen. Numerous acid‐fast bacilli, consistent with mycobacterial infection, were observed both in the cytoplasm of epithelioid macrophages and giant cells, and free in the background. Mycobacterium bovis was first confirmed by conventional PCR of organ extracts. Mycobacterium avium was detected in a culture of the same organs. Further PCR amplifications and sequencing revealed a coinfection with 2 different species of mycobacterium, one belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex and the other to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.  相似文献   

Eradication of feline dermatophytosis in a shelter: a field study     

Didier Noël Carlotti  Pauline Guinot  Etienne Meissonnier  Pierre‐Antoine Germain 《Veterinary dermatology》2010,21(3):259-266

Enzootic dermatophytosis in a shelter with approximately 140 cats was treated according to a protocol combining identification, isolation and treatment of subclinical carrier and affected animals in accordance with a three‐area system: healthy animals (no lesions and negative cultures), subclinical carrier animals (no lesions but with positive cultures) and clinically affected animals (lesions and positive cultures). The cats were examined and inspected under a Wood’s lamp and had samples taken for fungal culture every 2 weeks. Thirty‐three per cent of the cats had a positive fungal culture at the start of the study. Clinically affected animals and carriers were treated with a 0.2% enilconazole lotion (Imaverol^®) twice a week and given itraconazole (Itrafungol^®) 5 mg/kg SID orally every other week. The environment was treated once a day with a 1% bleach solution and once a week with a 0.6% enilconazole (Clinafarm^®) solution. Treated animals were considered cured after two consecutive negative fungal cultures. All cats were cured within 56 days. Prophylactic measures against dermatophytosis were implemented for new arrivals consisting of individual quarantine and the systematic taking of fungal cultures. No relapses were observed based on the fungal cultures taken from the animals and the environment over the first 10 months.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Grapevine virus A</Emphasis> transmission by larvae of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Parthenolecanium corni</Emphasis>     

Gérard Hommay  Véronique Komar  Olivier Lemaire  Etienne Herrbach 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,121(2):185-188

Grapevine virus A (GVA, Vitivirus) was transmitted experimentally by first and second instars of the scale insect Parthenolecanium corni from grapevine to grapevine and to the herbaceous host Nicotiana benthamiana. This is the first report of GVA transmission by P. corni. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 (Ampelovirus) was always present in the donor grapevines and, in every case, GVA was transmitted simultaneously with this ampelovirus from grapevine to grapevine, suggesting possible interactions between the two viruses for transmission.  相似文献   

Ontogenetic variation of food intake and gut evacuation rate in larvae of the doncella Pseudoplatystoma punctifer,as measured using a non‐destructive method     

Etienne Baras  Grace V. Montalvan Naranjos  Dustin V. Silva del Aguila  Fred Chu Koo  Rémi Dugué  Carlos Chavez  Fabrice Duponchelle  Jean‐François Renno  C. Carmen Garcia‐Dávila  Jesus Nuñez 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(12):1764-1776

Food intake (FI) and gut evacuation (Rg) were measured in larvae of Pseudoplatystoma punctifer (4.5–18.4 mm SL) fed Artemia nauplii, taking advantage of the translucence of their abdominal region to achieve this in a non‐destructive way, using digital photographs and mathematical reconstruction of gut volume content (ellipsoidal and cylindrical models for stomach and intestine respectively). The inaccuracy of the method, with reference to counts of nauplii following fish dissection, was low (2.9 ± 1.5%) and independent of fish size (P = 0.6153). Pigmentation hampered measurement in fish >18–19 mm SL. Anaesthesia was needed in fish >9.5 mm SL, thereby preventing the measurement of Rg in individual fish. The FI increased rapidly during the ontogeny, passing from <7% M at 0.6 mg, to 14% M at 1 mg and 21% M at 15–40 mg, and then decreased slightly in larger fish. At 28.5°C, Rg (% M h^?1) was modelled as Rg = ?8.22 + 12.11 log FI + 6.30 log M – 12.67 (log M)² (R² = 0.904, d.f. = 27, with FI in% M and M in mg). Extrapolations of Rg over 24 h gave estimates of daily food rations that fit well with those measured in cannibalistic P. punctifer.  相似文献