Alphaherpesvirus infections in semidomesticated reindeer: A cross-sectional serological study     

Carlos G. das Neves  Julien Thiry  Eystein Skjerve  Nigel G. Yoccoz  Espen Rimstad  Etienne Thiry  Morten Tryland 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,139(3-4):262-269

Alphaherpesviruses infect a wide range of animal species and cause diseases. Cervid herpesvirus 2 (CvHV-2) was originally isolated from reindeer in Finland but the impact of CvHV-2 infections on reindeer remains unclear. CvHV-2 infection could be partly responsible for calf losses as there are indications that it is associated with abortions and neonatal diseases. Previous serosurveys of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) have shown that an alphaherpesvirus is circulating among reindeer in Norway. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of CvHV-2 infection among reindeer in various herding districts in Finnmark, the largest reindeer area in Norway, and to identify factors associated with becoming infected with CvHV-2. A total of 3062 serum samples were tested using an ELISA and a sub-set of samples was further tested using a seroneutralization test. The ELISA revealed that 49% of samples were positive. Extrapolation of the results to the total population (111,350 animals; 66% of the Finnmark reindeer population) showed that the seroprevalence in the population was 48%. Seroprevalence varied from 7.6% to 90.7% between districts and was affected by age, weight and population density. ELISA-positive samples neutralized CvHV-2 at serum dilutions greater than those required for neutralization of bovine herpesvirus type 1. It is concluded that CvHV-2 is endemic throughout the reindeer herding districts of northern Norway.  相似文献   

Dietary fiber for pregnant sows: influence on sow physiology and performance during lactation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Quesnel H  Meunier-Salaün MC  Hamard A  Guillemet R  Etienne M  Farmer C  Dourmad JY  Père MC 《Journal of animal science》2009,87(2):532-543

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding sows a bulky diet during gestation on their physiological and metabolic adaptations during the peripartum period, and to determine how these effects may relate to sow and piglet performances. From d 26 of gestation until farrowing, gilts were fed diets that contained 2.8 or 11.0% crude fiber (control and high-fiber diets, respectively, n = 9/group). Daily feed allowance provided the same amount of DE daily (33 MJ of DE/d). Throughout lactation, sows were allowed to consume a standard lactating sow diet ad libitum. Litters were standardized to 12 piglets beyond 48 h after birth. On d 105 of gestation, a jugular catheter was surgically implanted. Preprandial blood samples were collected from d 109 of gestation to the day after farrowing and on d 4, 18, and 26 of lactation. Meal tests and glucose tolerance tests were performed on d 109 of gestation and d 4 and 18 of lactation. During gestation, BW and backfat gain did not differ between treatment groups. During lactation, sows fed the high-fiber diet ate an average of 0.94 kg/d more than control sows (P < 0.02). Piglets born from sows fed the high-fiber diet grew faster than piglets from control sows (P = 0.03). Body weight and backfat losses did not differ between the 2 treatment groups. Sows fed the high-fiber diet during gestation had lesser concentrations of leptin before farrowing than control sows (P < 0.01). Leptin concentrations were negatively correlated with feed intake during lactation (P < 0.05). The prepartal increase in prolactin concentrations tended to be greater in sows fed the high-fiber diet than in control sows (P < 0.1). Preprandial concentrations of glucose, NEFA, lactate, and IGF-I fluctuated over time without significant treatment effect. Glucose half-life was shorter in late gestation than during both stages of lactation, but did not differ between sows in the 2 groups. In late gestation, the postprandial increases in glucose and insulin were delayed, and smaller, after a high-fiber meal than after a control meal. During lactation, glucose and insulin profiles after a standard meal did not differ between sows from treatment groups. In conclusion, the greater appetite of lactating sows fed a high-fiber diet during gestation does not seem related to changes in glucose and insulin metabolism and may be partly due to decreased secretion of leptin. The greater feed consumption was accompanied by a faster growth rate of piglets without sparing effect on maternal body reserves.  相似文献   

Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in cats. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management     

Herman Egberink  Diane Addie  Sándor Belák  Corine Boucraut-Baralon  Tadeusz Frymus  Tim Gruffydd-Jones  Katrin Hartmann  Margaret J. Hosie  Albert Lloret  Hans Lutz  Fulvio Marsilio  Maria Grazia Pennisi  Alan D. Radford  Etienne Thiry  Uwe Truyen  Marian C. Horzinek 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2009,11(7):610-614

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Climatic significance of glacier retreat and rockglaciers re-assessed in the light of cosmogenic dating and weathering rind thickness in Clarée valley (Briançonnais,French Alps)     

Etienne Cossart  Monique Fort  Didier Bourles  Julien Carcaillet  Romain Perrier  Lionel Siame  Régis Braucher 《CATENA》2010

Recent advances in geochronology provide opportunities to identify the glacial and periglacial sequences in mountain area. In this paper, we focus on the Upper Durance catchment (Southern French Alps), in the Clarée valley, where no absolute chronological benchmark was defined. Glacial remnants and periglacial features were investigated, integrated within a chronological scenario thanks to relative (weathering rind thickness) and absolute (CRE technique) dates. We find evidence of the existence of a Late-Glacial valley glacier, that has never been reported before. Then the upper valleys became ice-free during a period corresponding to the Early-Holocene Climate Optimum, whereas two sequences of cirque glaciation are identified during the second half of the Holocene. We also show evidence of three main generations of rockglaciers, which also mainly developed during the second half of the Holocene, probably at the end of the Subboreal period. The location and the altitudes of rockglaciers are strongly dependent on the geomorphic setting (especially the location of the sediment sources), hence complicating their palaeo-climatic interpretations.  相似文献   

Conservation of species interaction networks     

Jason M. Tylianakis  Etienne Laliberté  Jordi Bascompte 《Biological conservation》2010,143(10):2270-2279

Recent work has shown that antagonist (e.g. predator-prey food web) and mutualist (e.g. pollinator-plant) network structure can be altered by global environmental change drivers, and that these alterations may have important ecosystem-level consequences. This has prompted calls for the conservation of network structure, but precisely which attributes of webs should be conserved remains unclear. Further, the extent to which network metrics characterise the spatiotemporally-variable dynamic structure of interacting communities is unknown. Here, we summarise the attributes of web structure that are predicted to confer stability or increased function to a system, as these may be of greatest interest to conservation biologists. However, empirical evaluation of these effects is lacking in most cases, and we discuss whether stability is even desirable in all contexts. The incorporation of web attributes into conservation monitoring requires that changes in these attributes can be recorded (sampled) with relative ease. We contrast the sensitivity of metrics to sampling effort, and highlight those (such as nestedness and connectance) that could easily be incorporated into conservation monitoring. Despite our growing understanding of the characteristics of food webs that confer stability and function, numerous practical challenges need to be overcome before the goal of conserving species interaction networks can be achieved.  相似文献   

The functional structure of ectomycorrhizal communities in an oak forest in central France witnesses ancient Gallo-Roman farming practices     

Abdala G. Diedhiou  Jean-Luc Dupouey  Etienne Dambrine  Jean Garbaye 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(5):860-862

The activities of nutrient-mobilising enzymes secreted by ectomycorrhizas of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) have been measured in 24 plots in a forested area in central France where many rural Gallo-Roman settlements (first to fifth centuries AD) have been discovered. Data have been related with tree growth and soil chemical properties. Although soil near the past settlements is still enriched in N and P, this does not always correspond to the higher productivity of oak trees. However, when this is the case, the ectomycorrhizal community displays higher chitinase, protease and phosphatase activities (involved in N and P mobilisation from soil organic matter). A few specialised ectomycorrhizal fungal species are responsible for this adaptation to the long-lasting modification of soil conditions.  相似文献   

Exam question is music to students' ears     

Côté E  Gelens H 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(4):512

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Associations between dairy herd management factors and bulk tank milk antibody levels against Ostertagia ostertagi     

Charlier J  Claerebout E  De Mûelenaere E  Vercruysse J 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,133(1):91-100

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was performed on dairy herds in Flanders (Belgium) to detect management factors that are associated with an increased gastrointestinal parasite infection level of adult dairy cows. At the end of the grazing season, information concerning general herd factors, pasture management and anthelmintic treatment strategy was obtained from 956 herds. A bulk tank milk sample was obtained from 779 out of the 956 herds and the antibody levels (ODR) against Ostertagia ostertagi were determined. The associations between ODR and herd management factors were studied by two linear regression models. The first model evaluated the effect of general herd factors and the level of the cows' exposure to pasture. Large sized herds had significantly lower ODRs as compared to medium (P=0.001) or small sized herds (P=0.03). Herds with only dairy cows had lower ODRs than herds with both dairy and beef cows (P=0.02). An increased exposure to pasture of the cows was associated with higher ODRs (P<0.001). The second model was built to evaluate the effect of pasture management factors and anthelmintic treatment strategy. Later turn-out on pasture (P<0.001) and mowing (P=0.002) were both significantly associated with lower ODRs. Cows that had a restricted grazing time per day tended to have lower ODR than cows that grazed 24 h per day (P=0.07). An increased exposure to pasture of the heifers was significantly associated with higher ODRs (P=0.001). No associations were found between ODR and calf related management factors, anthelmintic treatment strategy, time of turn-in, rotational grazing type or stocking rate. Later turn-out on pasture, mowing and restricting the grazing time per day are factors that can be applied immediately on dairy farms to reduce economical losses due to gastrointestinal nematodes.  相似文献   

Quadricuspid aortic valve and associated abnormalities in a dog     

Kettner F  Côté E  Kirberger RM 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2005,41(6):406-412

An 11-month-old, female Scottish terrier was presented with a history of a heart murmur. The electrocardiogram showed signs of left ventricular enlargement, and radiography confirmed generalized cardiomegaly. Echocardiography revealed four equally sized aortic valve cusps. A ventricular septal defect, with systolic left-to-right shunting, and aortic regurgitation into both ventricles were also present. The dog was free of clinical signs 1 year after diagnosis.  相似文献   

Prevalence and identity of cdt-related sequences in necrotoxigenic Escherichia coli     

Mainil JG  Jacquemin E  Oswald E 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,94(2):159-165

The cytolethal distending toxins (CDT) are responsible for the mitosis block at G2/M and the cycle arrest of cells in culture. Escherichia coli isolated from humans and animals with intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases can be positive for the production of a CDT-like cytopathic effect or for the presence of cdt-related genes. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence and the identity of cdt-related sequences in necrotoxigenic E. coli (NTEC). A collection of 98 bovine type 2 NTEC (NTEC2) and 45 bovine, 20 canine, 3 feline, 65 human and 129 porcine type 1 NTEC (NTEC1) isolates was studied by colony hybridisation and PCR assays specific for the cdtB genes encoding the B sub-unit of the CDT-I, CDT-II, CDT-III and CDT-IV toxins produced by E. coli. cdtB-III sequences were frequent amongst bovine NTEC2, since 83% of these isolates were positive by colony hybridisation and/or PCR, whereas cdtB-related sequences were rare amongst NTEC1, since only 2 bovine (4%), 3 canine (15%), 10 human (15%) and 13 porcine (10%) of these isolates were positive. The 28 probe-positive NTEC1 harboured cdtB-IV sequences (13 isolates), cdtB-I sequences (10 isolates), or still unidentified cdt-related sequences (5 isolates). After comparison with previously published and unpublished results of phenotypic assay on cell cultures, existence of other cdt-related sequences is suggested amongst NTEC1. The differences between NTEC1 and NTEC2 in their CDT profiles may have implication for the pathogenesis of those two classes of pathogenic E. coli.  相似文献