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91.
城市广场作为城市绿地系统的一部分发挥着重要的生态作用。通过对长春市南湖广场的实地调查得出结论:园林植物折算为森林的面积为1.51hm^2;乔木的总叶面积为160442.8m^2,花灌木的总叶面积为15069.21m^2,草坪的面积为10000m^2。长春市南湖广场园林植物生态效益为:南湖广场园林植物每年可放出氧气72.43t,吸收CO2 99.59t,吸滞灰尘54.54t,吸收SO2 0.36t。运用环境效益评价法估算出南湖广场园林植物年吸收CO2经济效益值为12万元,年释放O2经济效益值为2.89万元,总经济价值达14.89万元。  相似文献   
92.
采用有限单元法研究云龙河三级水电站大坝下游消能区泄洪冲刷坑对边坡稳定性的影响.以开挖的方式模拟泄洪冲刷坑,分析冲刷坑对两岸边坡应力状态、变形状态及稳定性的影响;模拟了两组优势节理,分别研究了岩块和两组节理的点安全度及屈服区分布;采用遗传算法搜索了可能最危险滑动面;阐述了评价大坝下游消能区泄洪冲刷坑对边坡稳定性不利影响的方法.  相似文献   
93.
插入式地下滴水器的研制与水力性能试验分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在对现有滴头、滴箭等产品结构改进与优化设计的基础上,研制开发出一种具有快速装拆、移动灵活、抗堵塞功能的插入式地下滴水器产品,通过产品的具体结构组成与工作原理分析,进行了其流量均匀性、压力-流量关系的试验研究,结果表明:插入式地下滴水器所需起始工作压力低,额定流量小,具有较稳定的水力性能,适合用于对缺水区非密植作物的补充性抗旱灌溉,起到提高设备利用率、有效降低灌溉系统投资的作用,且能成功地把地表滴灌转化为地下滴灌的应用模式.  相似文献   
94.
10种海参16SrDNA 序列多样性及其亲缘关系分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
运用PCR扩增10种海参的16SrDNA部分序列,并测序.获得大小为566bp的序列,利用DNAsp4.0软件分析比较10种海参的碱基组成、各碱基变异位点数、插入或缺失位点数,并采用MEGA4.0软件分析彼此间的遗传距离.结果发现,10种海参富含AT碱基,A T的含量平均为57.0%,不同种海参间发生碱基转换、颠换及发生插入或缺失变异的位点数差异很大,10种海参彼此间的遗传距离在0.007~0.316之间.所得结果与GenBank中10种海参的相应序列进行比对分析,同时用MEGA4.0和PAUP4.0软件构建进化树,分析其亲缘关系.结果表明,利用16SrDNA序列的差异可以将分属于海参科(Holothuriidae)与刺参科(Stichopodidae)的海参完全分开,瓜参科(Cucumariidae)的2个种与刺参科的亲缘关系较近.对不同海参种间亲缘关系的分析结果还表明,同属于剌参科的仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)与加州拟刺参(Parastichopus californicus)和具疣拟刺参(Parastichopus parvimensis)亲缘关系最近,同属于海参科的格皮氏海参(Pearsonothuria graeffei)与白尼参属的蛇目白尼参(Bohadschia argus)和图纹白尼参(B.marmorata)亲缘关系最近,而同样为海参科的墨西哥海参(Holothuria mexicana)则与红腹海参(Hothuria edulis)关系最近.这些资料为海参的种质资源管理、新种引进和种质改良提供了基础的分子生物学依据.  相似文献   
95.
配电网地理图自动生成电气接线图是配电GIS图形转换的主要问题,要求生成的电气接线图与地理图信息完全一致,同时还要科学、美观.采用优化的节点提取拓扑分析方法分析配电地理图中网络拓扑结构.在常见处理方法的基础上提出一种快捷有效的算法,可根据配电网地理图中的地理信息自动生成电气接线图.  相似文献   
96.
AIM: To investigate the effect of intraventricular pressure change by volume overload (VOL) on expression of proto-oncogene c-fos,c-jun,c-myc and egr-1. METHODS: Left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) of rat with VOL induced by aortacaval fistula operation and rats of control group were measured at 30 min, 1, 4, 6, 12 and 48 h after the operation,these mRNAs at the foregoing time points were measured by slot bloting method and quantified with densitometry. RESULTS: Be compared with the control group, VOL rats LVSP decreased (P<0.05) and declined most remarkably at 48 h,LVEDP elevated significantly at 30 min (P<0.05), reached a maximal value at 12 h and the levels of control group at 48 h (P>0.05) after the operation.The proto-oncogene expression signals were not detected in the control,negative controls and VOL rats at 30 min after the operation. The c-fos,c-jun and egr-1 mRNA signals appeared earlier,at 1 h, and c-myc mRNA increased later at 4 h.All reached peak value at 4 h and then declined gradually.The c-fos mRNA were not detected at 48 h. The c-myc,c-0jun and egr-1 mRNA persisted throught the entire observation period from 1 h to 48 h. CONCLUSIONS: During VOL early phase the overload have effect on expression of the proto-oncogene mRNA,c-fos,c-jun and egr-1 mRNA appear earlier, c-myc later,egr-1,c-jun and c-myc persist longer period, but the expressions do not strengthen with the ventricule wall load increase.This sequential induction pattern may reflect the time course regularity of the proto-oncogenes expression induced by VOL,and indicate the proto-oncogenes expression initiate while the heart load accumulate some extent and duration and the load magnitude may not play a critical role.  相似文献   
97.
播期对吉林省不同品种玉米生长发育及产量的影响   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
为探讨不同播期对吉林省春玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响,本试验以吉林省主栽品种通单258、华科425、农华106为材料,进行5个播期处理试验,播期设置分别为:4月28日(T1)、5月4日(T2)、5月11日(T3)、5月18日(T4)、5月25日(T5)。结果表明,随着播期推迟,各品种玉米生育期均不同程度缩短,并且播期越晚,干物质积累量越低。玉米开花期前,不同处理叶面积指数差异不显著,花后晚播处理叶面积指数下降快于早播处理。推迟播期,不同品种百粒重降低,产量下降,T1处理产量与T4、T5处理差异达显著水平。适时早播,有利于玉米产量的进一步提高。  相似文献   
98.
为明确杂交中籼水稻在江淮地区种植的适宜播期,提高稻米品质,选用3个杂交中籼水稻品种(系)分5个播期,利用AMMI模型对其营养食味品质性状(糊化温度、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量)进行了稳定性和适应性分析。结果表明,糊化温度、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量4项指标在基因型间、播期间及基因型×播期互作间的方差均达到极显著水平,这4项指标的交互效应主成分值(IPCA)差异也达到显著水平;穗期(抽穗至成熟期)平均气温较高、累计日照时数长、气温日较差大,有利于杂交中籼水稻品质的提高;3个参试品种(系)营养食味品质稳定性表现为新两优6号两优1128丰两优4号,5个播期对杂交中籼水稻品质影响表现为4月20日5月10日5月20日4月30日5月30日。  相似文献   
99.

Background

Kongyu 131 is an elite japonica rice variety of Heilongjiang Province, China. It has the characteristics of early maturity, superior quality, high yield, cold tolerance and wide adaptability. However, there is potential to improve the yield of Kongyu 131 because of the relatively few grains per panicle compared with other varieties. Hence, we rebuilt the genome of Kongyu 131 by replacing the GRAIN NUMBER1a (Gn1a) locus with a high-yielding allele from a big panicle indica rice variety, GKBR. High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis was used for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping.

Results

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of the BC3F2 population showed that the introgressed segment carrying the Gn1a allele of GKBR significantly increased the branch number and grain number per panicle. Using 5 SNP markers designed against the sequence within and around Gn1a, the introgressed chromosome segment was shortened to approximately 430 Kb to minimize the linkage drag by screening recombinants in the target region. Genomic components of the new Kongyu 131 were detected using 220 SNP markers evenly distributed across 12 chromosomes, suggesting that the recovery ratio of the recurrent parent genome (RRPG) was 99.89%. Compared with Kongyu 131, the yield per plant of the new Kongyu 131 increased by 8.3% and 11.9% at Changchun and Jiamusi, respectively.

Conclusions

To achieve the high yield potential of Kongyu 131, a minute chromosome fragment carrying the favorable Gn1a allele from the donor parent was introgressed into the genome of Kongyu 131, which resulted in a larger panicle and subsequent yield increase in the new Kongyu 131. These results indicate the feasibility of improving an undesirable trait of an elite variety by replacing only a small chromosome segment carrying a favorable allele.
  相似文献   
100.

Context

Common indicators are needed to monitor biodiversity loss and the implications for the sustainable provision of ecosystem services (ES). A plethora of different sets of indicators may hinder the identification of major endpoints for large-scale assessments of biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES).

Objectives

We aim to describe the main challenges of indicators for BES assessment and provide suggestions for establishing a comprehensive indicator system.

Methods

An extensive literature review was conducted in this study. We review the main challenges of indicators for BES assessment and propose corresponding improvements from our perspectives of theory and practical applications.

Results

The main theoretical challenges of existing indicators include inconsistent definitions and classifications of ES, misunderstanding of linkages among biodiversity, ecosystem structure, functions and services, and practical problems relate to such issues as indicator representativeness, data availability, and uncertainty. Our suggested improvements include clarifying the main terms, concepts and classification of indicators, establishing a robust conceptual framework with clear interactions among different components and indicators, selecting indicators based on ecosystem properties, streaming existing data into one platform, and strengthening validation of proxies. The steps for constructing a comprehensive indicator system for BES assessment are summarized.

Conclusions

Clear definitions of key terms are indispensable to classify indicators and construct a conceptual framework. Improved understanding of the relations among indicators of biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and ES across multiple scales can guide the development of the indicator system. The integrated indicator system is an important tool for BES assessment to support decision making for sustainable development.
  相似文献   
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