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Qamar uz Zaman Zubair Aslam Muhammad Yaseen Abdul Khaliq Shah Fahad 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(2):147-161
A restricted dietary range and a deficit of essential minerals such as zinc (Zn) characterize the diets of under-nourished people. Zn deficiency is a global nutritional problem and intensity of the issue is even severe in developing countries. Cereal grains are key to fulfill a person’s daily energy requirements, but they have very low grain Zn concentrations, especially when grown in Zn-deficient soils. Zinc deficiency can be addressed in several ways viz., nutritional diversification, food enrichment and biofortification. Several limitations regarding nutritional diversification and food enrichment favored Zn biofortification as a perpetual solution of malnutrition. Among the potential biofortification options to rectify Zn deficiency, plant breeding approaches and agronomic biofortification offers major advantage. Current review appraised the possible role of Zn in plants, its uptake, translocation and partitioning efficiencies in cereal grains that is driven by various agronomic, breeding and biotechnological approaches. Moreover, review also discussed Zn application methods, Zn-phosphate hostility and indicators of Zn bioavailability which may improve Zn-use efficiency in rice. There is a genuine need to integrate Zn in rice production systems by using agronomic and conventional breeding tools. Likewise, agronomic biofortification is economically sustainable and practically adoptable solution to overcome the Zn deficiency issue in rice. 相似文献
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A field study was conducted to investigate eriophyoid mites associated with some fruit trees in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The survey was carried out in four localities (El-Waseel, Al-Beer, Al-Haiyer and El-Deriya) and included seven species of fruit trees, namely olives (Olea europea), fig (Ficus carica), grapes (Vitis vinifera), apple (Malus domestica), citrus (Citrus spp.), pomegranate (Punica granatum) and pear (Pyrus communis). Seven new records of eriophyoid species (Aceria benghalensis Soliman and Abou-Awad, A. olivi Zaher and Abou-Awad, Caleptrimerus baileyi K., Colomerus oculivitis (Attiah), Oxycenus niloticus (Zaher and Abou-Awad), Rhynchaphytoptusficifolia (Keifer) and Tegolophus hassani (Keifer)), belonging two families, Eriophyidae and Diptilomiopidae, were collected from four species of fruit crops covering four different production localities in Riyadh. An illustrated identification key for these mites is provided. The present study is the first scientific study on Saudi eriophyoid mites. 相似文献
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Rasheed F Richard B Le Thiec D Montpied P Paillassa E Brignolas F Dreyer E 《Tree physiology》2011,31(11):1183-1193
Genetic differences in δ13C (isotopic composition of dry matter carbon) have been evidenced among poplar genotypes at juvenile stages. To check whether such differences were maintained with age in trees growing in plantations, we investigated the time course of δ13C as recorded in annual tree rings from different genotypes growing at three sites in southwestern France and felled at ～15-17 years. Wood cores were cut from tree discs to record the time course of annual basal area increment (BAI). The isotopic ratio δ13C was recorded in bulk wood and in extracted cellulose from the annual rings corresponding to the period 1996-2005. Discrimination against 13C between atmosphere and tissues (Δ13C) was computed by taking into account the inter-annual time course of δ13C in the atmosphere. Annual BAI increased steadily and stabilized at about 8 years. An offset in δ13C of ～1‰ was recorded between extracted cellulose and bulk wood. It was relatively stable among genotypes within sites but varied among sites and increased slightly with age. Site effects as well as genotype differences were detected in Δ13C recorded from the cellulose fraction. Absolute values as well as the genotype ranking of Δ13C remained stable with age in the three sites. Genotype means of Δ13C were not correlated to annual BAI. We conclude that genotypic differences of Δ13C occur in older poplar trees in plantations, and that the differences as well as the genotype ranking remain stable while trees age until harvest. 相似文献
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Fahad Ramzan Hyoung Tae Kim Kyung-ku Shim Adnan Younis Yu Hyeon Choi Yoon-Jung Hwang 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2018,93(6):614-624
Lilium lancifolium Thunb. exhibits wide genetic diversity and numerous genetic traits within progeny populations. Parent morphology affects the distribution and assortment of progeny phenotypes. In this study, morphological analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were conducted for cross progeny (F1 and BC1). Results showed that F1-1 hybrids had greater plant height than the parents; however, backcross progeny plant height (group 1) was low. Leaf number in both groups was considerably low in F1 hybrid, although high in backcrossed plants. Flower number and days to flower opening were intermediate to those of the parents for F1 hybrids, yet low in BC1 progeny. In group 1, backcross progeny showed small bulb length; however, group 2 progeny showed large bulb length. Positive and negative correlations between the phenotypic traits of parents and progeny confirmed significant variations. According to FISH results, F1-1 and F1-2 hybrids distinctly exhibited nine and eight 45S rDNA loci which were same in position with 45S loci of the parents. In backcross progeny, eight 45S rDNA signals were detected in four BC1 progeny of group 1, while 10 signals were observed in all group 2 progeny, same with the L. lancifolium karyotype. Morphological analysis and FISH helped in scrutinising progeny to obtain hybrids with desirable characteristics. 相似文献
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S Fahad S Hussain S Saud S Hassan H Muhammad D Shan C Chen C Wu D Xiong S B Khan A Jan K Cui J Huang 《Weed Research》2014,54(5):475-483
Echinochloa colona and Trianthema portulacastrum are weeds of maize that cause significant yield losses in the Indo‐Gangetic Plains. Field experiments were conducted in 2009 and 2010 to determine the influence of row spacing (15, 25 and 35 cm) and emergence time of E. colona and T. portulacastrum (0, 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55 days after maize emergence; DAME) on weed growth and productivity of maize. A season‐long weed‐free treatment and a weedy control were also used to estimate maize yield and weed seed production. Crop row spacing as well as weed emergence time had a significant influence on plant height, shoot biomass and seed production of both weed species and grain yield of maize in both years. Delay in emergence of weeds resulted in less plant height, shoot biomass and seed production. However, increase in productivity of maize was observed by delay in weed emergence. Likewise, growth of both weed species was less in narrow row spacing (15 cm) of maize, as compared with wider rows (25 and 35 cm). Maximum seed production of both weeds was observed in weedy control plots, where there was no competition with maize crop and weeds were in rows 35 cm apart. Nevertheless, maximum plant height, shoot biomass and seed production of both weed species were observed in 35 cm rows, when weeds emerged simultaneously with maize. Both weed species produced only 3–5 seeds per plant, when they were emerged at 55 DAME in crop rows spaced at 15 cm. Infestation of both weeds at every stage of crop led to significant crop yield loss in maize. Our results suggested that narrow row spacing and delay in weed emergence led to reduced weed growth and seed production and enhanced maize grain yield and therefore could be significant constituents of integrated weed management strategies in maize. 相似文献
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Shah Fahad Muhammad Zahid Ihsan Abdul Khaliq Ihsanullah Daur Shah Saud Saleh Alzamanan 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(11):1473-1488
The enhancement in both frequency and intensity of high temperature, besides its large variability will result in up to 40% yield reduction in rice by the end of 21st century. Vegetative growth in rice continues with day time temperature up to 40°C but development of florets is extremely sensitive to temperature higher than 35°C. The effect of night time temperature stress is even more adverse than day. Heat stress results in deprived anther dehiscence, impaired pollination and abnormal pollen germination that cause floret sterility. The decrease in pollen viability is presumably caused by imbalance in proteins expression, abandoned biosynthesis, partitioning and translocation of soluble sugars, imbalance in phytohormones release, and loss of pollen water content. Rice responds to heat stress by adjusting various physiochemical mechanisms viz., growth inhibition, leaf senescence and alteration in basic physiological processes. Antioxidant enzymes, calcium and iron also play an important role in managing heat stress. Response of rice to heat stress varies with plant ecotype, growth stage, heat intensity and time of stress application. High temperature stress can be managed by developing heat-tolerant genotypes. Rice breeding and screening may be based on anther dehiscence, pollen tube development and pollen germination on stigma. 相似文献
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Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with starch paste viscosity attributes by using double haploid populations of rice(Oryza sativa L.) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Tahmina SHAR SHENG Zhong-hua Umed ALI Sajid FIAZ WEI Xiang-jin XIE Li-hong JIAO Gui-ai Fahad ALI SHAO Gao-neng HU Shi-kai HU Pei-song TANG Shao-qing 《农业科学学报》2020,19(7):1691-1703
The paste viscosity attributes of starch, measured by rapid visco analyzer(RVA), are important factors for the evaluation of the cooking and eating qualities of rice in breeding programs. To determine the genetic roots of the paste viscosity attributes of rice grains, quantitative trait loci(QTLs) associated with the paste viscosity attributes were mapped, using a double haploid(DH) population derived from Zhongjiazao 17(YK17), a super rice variety, crossed with D50, a tropic japonica variety. Fifty-four QTLs, for seven parameters of the RVA profiles, were identified in three planting seasons. The 54 QTLs were located on all of the 12 chromosomes, with a single QTL explaining 5.99 to 47.11% of phenotypic variation. From the QTLs identified, four were repeatedly detected under three environmental conditions and the other four QTLs were repeated under two environments. Most of the QTLs detected for peak viscosity(PKV), trough viscosity(TV), cool paste viscosity(CPV), breakdown viscosity(BDV), setback viscosity(SBV), and peak time(PeT) were located in the interval of RM6775–RM3805 under all three environmental conditions, with the exception of pasting temperature(PaT). For digenic interactions, eight QTLs with six traits were identified for additive×environment interactions in all three planting environments.The epistatic interactions were estimated only for PKV, SBV and PaT. The present study will facilitate further understanding of the genetic architecture of eating and cooking quality(ECQ) in the rice quality improvement program. 相似文献
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Muhammad Arif Salman Ali Muhammad Ilyas Muhammad Riaz Kashif Akhtar Kawsar Ali Muhammad Adnan Shah Fahad Imran Khan Shahen Shah Haiyan Wang 《Soil Use and Management》2021,37(1):104-119
Biochar amendments offer promising potential to improve soil fertility, soil organic carbon (SOC) and crop yields; however, a limited research has explored these benefits of biochar in the arid and semi‐arid regions. This two‐year field study investigated the effects of Acacia tree biomass‐derived biochar, applied at 0 and 10 t ha?1 rates with farmyard manure (FYM) or poultry manure (PM) and mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizer combinations (100 kg P ha‐1), on maize (Zea mays L.) productivity, P use efficiency (PUE) and farm profitability. The application of biochar with organic–inorganic P fertilizers significantly increased soil P and SOC contents than the sole organic or inorganic P fertilizers. Addition of biochar and PM as 100% P source resulted in the highest soil P (104% increase over control) and SOC contents (203% higher than control). However, maize productivity and PUE were significantly higher under balanced P fertilizer (50% organic + 50% mineral fertilizer) with biochar and the increase was 110%, 94% and 170% than 100%‐FYM, 100%‐PM and 100% mineral fertilizer, respectively. Maize productivity and yield correlated significantly positively with soil P and SOC contents These positive effects were possibly due to the ability of biochar to improve soil properties, P availability from organic–inorganic fertilizers and SOC which resulted in higher PUE and maize productivity. Despite the significant positive relationship of PUE with net economic returns, biochar incorporation with PM and mineral fertilizer combination was economically profitable, whereas FYM along biochar was not profitable due to short duration of the field experiments. 相似文献
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