Exogenous Application of Glycinebetaine Modulates Activities of Antioxidants in Maize Plants Subjected to Salt Stress   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. Nawaz  & M. Ashraf 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2010,196(1):28-37

The influence of exogenously applied glycinebetaine (0, 50 and 100 m m ) as a foliar spray at different growth stages, i.e. vegetative, reproductive or both at the vegetative and reproductive stages on gas exchange characteristics, glycinebetaine (GB) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) was examined in plants of two maize cultivars, Golden and C-20 grown under saline conditions. Salt stress caused a marked decrease in photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll contents and SOD activity in both maize cultivars. However, activities of CAT and POD remained almost unchanged in both maize cultivars under salt stress. Accumulation of GB increased with an increase in exogenous level of GB, i.e. 100 m m GB spray caused a greater accumulation of GB in the leaves of maize plants than did 0 or 50 m m . Although exogenously applied GB enhanced photosynthetic capacity of salt-stressed plants of both cultivars, it enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, SOD, CAT and POD, in salt-stressed plants of cv. C-20 only. Overall, the adverse effects of salt stress on maize plants were alleviated by the exogenous application of GB at different growth stages, which up-regulated photosynthetic capacity and the activities of some antioxidant enzymes.  相似文献   

Seed Priming Influence on Early Crop Growth,Phenological Development and Yield Performance of Linola (Linum usitatissimum L.)          下载免费PDF全文

Hafeez ur Rehman  Muhammad Qaiser Nawaz  Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra  Irfan Afzal  Azra Yasmeen  Fayyaz ul-Hassan 《农业科学学报》2014,13(5):990-996

Reduced early crop growth and limited branching are amongst yield limiting factors of linola. Field response of seed priming treatments viz. 50 mmol L⁻¹ salicylic acid (SA), 2.2% CaCl₂ and 3.3% moringa leaf extract (MLE) including untreated dry and hydropriming controls was evaluated on early crop growth and yield performance of linola. Osmopriming with CaCl₂ reduced emergence time and produced the highest seedling fresh and dry weights including Chl. a contents. Osmopriming with CaCl₂ reduced crop branching and flowering and maturity times and had the maximum plant height, number of branches, tillers, pods and seeds per pod followed by MLE. Increase in seed weight, biological and seed yields was 9.30, 34.16 and 39.49%, harvest index (4.12%) and oil contents (13.39%) for CaCl₂ osmopriming. Positive relationship between emergence and seedling vigor traits, 100-seed weight, seed yield with maturity time, 100-seed weight and seed yield were found. The study concludes that seed osmopriming with CaCl₂ or MLE can play significant role to improve early crop growth and seed yields of linola.  相似文献   

甘蓝型油菜种质群体油和蛋白质含量变异及相关性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

万薇  余坤江  叶波涛  Aimal Nawaz Khattak  林树春  田恩堂 《种子》2019,(6):91-94

本研究拟通过检测甘蓝型油菜种质群体种子的油含量和蛋白质含量及其二者之间的相关性分析,筛选出优异的育种资源,为甘蓝型油菜育种和基础研究提供材料。共检测了363份甘蓝型油菜种质群体种子,得出其油含量和蛋白质含量都表现出明显的变异,油含量、蛋白质含量及两者总含量的变异范围分别为27.9%~51.4%、20.8%~34.1%和57.8%~75.1%,并划分为3个群体。群体Ⅰ材料中,油含量和蛋白质含量分别为30.3%和31.6%,变异系数分别是5.3%与4.4%;群体Ⅱ材料中,油含量和蛋白质含量分别为39.6%和27.9%,变异系数分别是7.6%与6.5%;群体Ⅲ材料中,油含量和蛋白质含量分别为45.9%和23.8%,变异系数分别是4.4%与5.9%。相关性分析结果表明,材料的油含量和蛋白质含量都呈现出极显著负相关关系,其相关性系数r=-0.65(p<0.01)。通过本研究,筛选出了部分优异的种质材料,例如高油含量材料“林编12-71”和“浙油50”、高蛋白质含量材料“林编13-62”和“4 E 006”及高总含量(油+蛋白质)材料“林编12-230”和“AC 21”等。  相似文献   

Manganese nutrition improves the productivity and grain biofortification of fine grain aromatic rice in conventional and conservation production systems     

Aman Ullah  Muhammad Farooq  Asif Nadeem  Abdul Rehman  Saeed A. Asad  Ahmad Nawaz 《Paddy and Water Environment》2017,15(3):563-572

Manganese (Mn) deficiency is prevalent in rice-growing regions resulting in poor paddy yield and human health. In this study, role of Mn, applied through various methods, in improving the productivity and grain biofortification of fine grain aromatic rice was evaluated. Manganese was delivered as soil application (SA) (0.5 kg ha^?1), foliar spray (FA) (0.02 M Mn), seed priming (SP) (0.1 M Mn) and seed coating (SC) (2 g Mn kg^?1 seed) in conventional (puddled transplanted flooded rice) and conservation (direct seeded aerobic rice) production systems at two different sites (Faisalabad, Sheikhupura) in Punjab, Pakistan. Manganese application, through either method, improved the grain yield and grain Mn contents of fine grain aromatic rice grown in both production systems at both sites. However, Mn application as SC and FA was the most beneficial and cost effective in improving the productivity and grain biofortification in this regard. Overall, order of improvement in grain yield was SC (3.85 t ha^?1) > FA (3.72 t ha^?1) > SP (3.61 t ha^?1) > SA (3.36 t ha^?1). Maximum net benefits and benefit–cost ratio were obtained through Mn SC in flooded field at Faisalabad, which was followed by Mn SP in direct seeded aerobic rice at the same site. However, maximum marginal rate of return was noted with Mn SC in direct seeded aerobic rice at both sites. In crux, Mn nutrition improved the productivity and grain biofortification of fine grain aromatic rice grown in both conventional and conservation production systems. However, Mn application as seed treatment (SC or SP) was the most cost effective and economical.  相似文献   

Understanding Interaction Patterns within Deep-Sea Microbial Communities and Their Potential Applications     

Muhammad Zohaib Nawaz  Raghul Subin Sasidharan  Huda Ahmed Alghamdi  Hongyue Dang 《Marine drugs》2022,20(2)

Environmental microbes living in communities engage in complex interspecies interactions that are challenging to decipher. Nevertheless, the interactions provide the basis for shaping community structure and functioning, which is crucial for ecosystem service. In addition, microbial interactions facilitate specific adaptation and ecological evolution processes particularly essential for microbial communities dwelling in resource-limiting habitats, such as the deep oceans. Recent technological and knowledge advancements provide an opportunity for the study of interactions within complex microbial communities, such as those inhabiting deep-sea waters and sediments. The microbial interaction studies provide insights into developing new strategies for biotechnical applications. For example, cooperative microbial interactions drive the degradation of complex organic matter such as chitins and celluloses. Such microbiologically-driven biogeochemical processes stimulate creative designs in many applied sciences. Understanding the interaction processes and mechanisms provides the basis for the development of synthetic communities and consequently the achievement of specific community functions. Microbial community engineering has many application potentials, including the production of novel antibiotics, biofuels, and other valuable chemicals and biomaterials. It can also be developed into biotechniques for waste processing and environmental contaminant bioremediation. This review summarizes our current understanding of the microbial interaction mechanisms and emerging techniques for inferring interactions in deep-sea microbial communities, aiding in future biotechnological and therapeutic applications.  相似文献   

Effect of tillage and fertilizer levels on wheat yield, nitrogen uptake and their correlation with carbon isotope discrimination under rainfed conditions in north-west Pakistan   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M. M. Iqbal  J. Akhter  W. Mohammad  S. M. Shah  H. Nawaz  K. Mahmood 《Soil & Tillage Research》2005,80(1-2):47-57

Appropriate cultural practices need to be determined for enhancing crop yields with low inputs under rainfed conditions. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of tillage practices and fertilizer levels on yield, nitrogen (N) uptake and carbon (C) isotope discrimination in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under semi-arid conditions at three sites in north-west Pakistan: NIFA, Urmar and Jalozai. Two fertilizer levels, 60 kg N ha⁻¹+30 kg P ha⁻¹ (L1) and 60 kg N ha⁻¹+60 kg P ha⁻¹ (L2), were applied to wheat grown under conventional tillage (T1) and no-tillage (T0) practices. Labeled urea having 1% ¹⁵N atom excess at 60 kg N ha⁻¹ was applied as aqueous solution in microplots within each treatment plot. A pre-sowing irrigation of 60 mm was applied and during the growing season, the crop relied entirely on rainfall (268 mm). Biomass yield, N uptake and stable C isotope composition (δ¹³C) of plants were determined at maturity. Yield of wheat was improved by tillage at two sites (Sites 1 and 2), while at the third site yield was reduced by tillage as compared with the no-tillage treatment. At Sites 1 and 2, nutrient addition (L2, 60 kg N ha⁻¹+60 kg P ha⁻¹) increased the yield of all plant parts (straw, grain and root) in contrast to Site 3 where only grain yield was increased significantly. Maximum grain yield of wheat was observed with tillage under nutrient level L2 at all sites. Generally, the tillage treatment did not affect the N content in plant parts compared with no-tillage (T0) treatment at all three sites. However, fertilizer N uptake by wheat was variable under different fertilizer levels and tillage practices. Nitrogen derived from fertilizer (Ndff) for grain at Site 2 was higher in tilled plots but was not affected by tillage practice at the other sites. The C isotope (δ¹³C) values varied from −28.96 to −26.03‰ under different treatments at the three sites. The δ¹³C values were less negative indicating more effective water use at Sites 2 and 3 compared to Site 1. The C isotope discrimination (Δ) values were positively correlated with yield of wheat straw (r=0.578^*), grain (r=0.951^**) and root (r=0.583^*). Further, the Δ in grain had significant negative relationship (r=0.912^**) with Ndff (%). The tillage practice exerted a positive effect on yield, N uptake and plant N derived from fertilizer by wheat compared to no-tillage. The positive correlation of Δ with grain, straw and root yields and negative correlation with the Ndff (%) by wheat suggest that this value (Δ) could be used to predict these parameters. However, further studies on different crops under varied environmental conditions are necessary.  相似文献   

Early detection of the effects of compaction in forested soils: evidence from selective extraction techniques     

Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz  Guilhem Bourrié  Fabienne Trolard  Jacques Ranger  Sadaf Gul  Nabeel Khan Niazi 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(9):2223-2233

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Gibberellin producing Neosartorya sp. CC8 reprograms Chinese cabbage to higher growth     

Muhammad Hamayun  Sumera Afzal Khan  Abdul Latif Khan  Nadeem Ahmad  Yasmin Nawaz  Hasan Sher  In-Jung Lee 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

Gibberellins production by soil fungi received little attention, although substantial work has been carried out on other growth promoting aspects of soil borne fungi. We investigated gibberellins production and growth promoting capacity of a novel fungal strain of Neosartorya, which was isolated from the roots of Chinese cabbage (Bassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). Fungal culture filtrates (CF) obtained from pure cultures of 16 endophytic fungi were bioassayed on Waito-C, in order to investigate plant growth promoting capacity of these fungi. The fungal isolate CC-8 induced maximum shoot length of Waito-C (13.0 cm) as compared to control treatments. In a separate experiment, the CF of fungus CC-8 significantly promoted plant length and biomass of Chinese cabbage. The fungal CF also increased endogenous bioactive GA₁ and GA₄ contents of Chinese cabbage. Gibberellin analysis of CF of CC-8 showed presence of both physiologically active and non active gibberellins in higher concentrations (GA₁, 1.42 ng/ml; GA₃, 5.93 ng/ml; GA₄, 11.36 ng/ml; GA₇, 3.25 ng/ml; GA₉, 0.79 ng/ml; GA₁₅, 1.18 ng/ml). The culture filtrate of CC-8 produced higher amounts of GA₃, GA₄, GA₇ and GA₉ than wild type Fusarium fujikuroi, a well known gibberellins producing fungus. The fungal isolate CC-8 was later identified as a new strain of Neosartorya species on the basis of traditional and advance molecular techniques.  相似文献   

Effects of Different Drying Methods on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Fruits     

Fahim Ullah  Mansoor Khan Khattak  Said Wahab  Nauman Wahab  Muhammad Ameen 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2018,18(4):345-354

ABSTRACT

In this communication, we have discussed and compared the different drying processes i.e. flat plate solar collector, open sun and mechanical dryer with the preservative solution of Sodium Benzoate. Loquats were pretreated with preservative solution and subject to the drying process. Drying kinetics in terms of moisture lost per hour and drying rate, texture and antioxidants retention were determined before and after drying. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the different drying process has significantly affected on the kinetics of loquat fruits with the confidence interval of (α ≤ 0.05), whereas the preservative solution showed a non-significant effect on texture and antioxidants retention. High moisture lost per hour (5.4%) was recorded in mechanical dryer followed by flat plate solar collector dryer (3.7 %) while minimum (1.8%) was recorded in open sun drying. Good textured dried loquat with optimum hardness (313 g) and stiffness (141 g mm^?1) was found in flat plate solar collector dried samples. Similarly more antioxidants (52%) retained in samples dried with hot air using flat plate solar collector followed by the mechanical dryer (47%) while minimum (41%) was recorded in open sun drying. Although mechanical drying is fast, it does not help to maintain a good texture and more antioxidants. From the study, it was concluded that hot air drying using a flat plate solar collector is better for drying process to get valuable dried loquat with good texture and more antioxidants.  相似文献   

Impact of urea and farm yard manure on nitrate concentration in soil profile and productivity of wheat crop     

Syed Adnan Mazhar  Muhammad Nawaz  Shahbaz Khan 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(20):2683-2691

Abstract

During the last century, concerns about nitrate presence in the groundwater have tremendously increased worldwide, mainly because of its detrimental consequences on environment and human health. There are different factors contributing their past in nitrate pollution, farm manure is given due consideration. Knowing above facts, a field study was performed to check the effect of different farm yard manure (FYM) levels with urea on nitrate distribution in the soil profile and yield of wheat crop. The experiment was set out in a randomized complete block design, consisted of application of nitrogen at 125?kg ha^?1 from urea, 80?kg ha^?1 of N from urea +10 tons FYM ha^?1 and 20 tons FYM ha^?1 with three replications. Wheat (cultivar S7ehar-2006) was sown as test crop. Soil samples were examined to measure the nitrate concentration from four different depths (0–25, 25–50, 50–75, and 75–100?cm) after harvesting. Results showed that the straw yield, total biomass, spike length, and number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were significantly influenced by fertilizer strategies. All manure treatments significantly affected the infiltration rate and concentration of nitrate at different depths of the soil profile. Farm yard manure showed greater nitrate concentration up to 50?cm depth as compared to alone urea and combined application, while at the depth of 100?cm, combined application of urea and FYM showed a minimum concentration of nitrates than alone application of either urea or FYM.  相似文献