Ovine anti-rabies antibody production and evaluation     

Redwan el-RM  Fahmy A  El Hanafy A  Abd El-Baky N  Sallam SM 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2009,32(1):9-19

In view of the disadvantages of human and equine rabies immunoglobulin still there is urgent needs for safe and cost-control anti-rabies immunoglobulins especially for person who have been severely exposed (categories III) to the virus. Our attempt to produce a less immunogenic and cheaper anti-rabies immunoglobulin affordable for those people living in developing countries, has been harnessed the ovine as a bioreactor instead the horse. The animals have been intramuscular immunized, and the plasma processed with 5% caprylic acid to yield IgG with purity of 95%. Moreover, antibody apparently indicated that the titer and neutralizing indexes were harmonized, especially at higher antibody dilution. The results showed that three immunized sheep were produced about 7000 IU of purified anti-rabies antibody. Sheep's IgG has low immunogenic effect than human and horse antibodies when injected into the mouse. Pure concentrated ovine antibody may serve as a possible alternative to currently available anti-rabies human or equine immunoglobulin.  相似文献   

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Diversity in Cephalosporium maydis from Egypt     

Saleh AA  Zeller KA  Ismael AS  Fahmy ZM  El-Assiuty EM  Leslie JF 《Phytopathology》2003,93(7):853-859

ABSTRACT Cephalosporium maydis, the causal agent of late wilt of maize, was first described in Egypt in the 1960s, where it can cause yield losses of up to 40% in susceptible plantings. We characterized 866 isolates of C. maydis collected from 14 governates in Egypt, 7 in the Nile River Delta and 7 in southern (Middle and Upper) Egypt, with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The four AFLP primer-pair combinations generated 68 bands, 25 of which were polymorphic, resulting in 52 clonal haplotypes that clustered the 866 isolates into four phylogenetic lineages. Three lineages were found in both the Nile River Delta and southern Egypt. Lineage IV, the most diverse group (20 haplotypes), was recovered only from governates in the Nile River Delta. In some locations, one lineage dominated (up to 98% of the isolates recovered) and, from some fields, only a single haplotype was recovered. Under field conditions in Egypt, there is no evidence that C. maydis reproduces sexually. The nonuniform geographic distribution of the pathogen lineages within the country could be due to differences in climate or in the farming system, because host material differs in susceptibility and C. maydis lineages differ in pathogenicity.  相似文献   

Acaricidal effects of cardiac glycosides, azadirachtin and neem oil against the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae)     

Al-Rajhy DH  Alahmed AM  Hussein HI  Kheir SM 《Pest management science》2003,59(11):1250-1254

The cardiac glycoside, digitoxin, from Digitalis purpurea L (Scrophulariaceae), a cardiac glycosidal (cardenolide) extract from Calotropis procera (Ait) R Br (Asclepiadaceae), azadirachtin and neem oil from Azadirachta indica A Juss (Meliaceae) were tested for their effects against larvae and adult stages of the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii Koch (Acari: Ixodidae). The contact LC50 values of the first three materials against adults were 4.08, 9.63 and >40.7 microg cm(-2), respectively, whereas the dipping LC50 values of the four materials were 409.9, 1096, >5000 and >5000 mg litre(-1), respectively. Contact and dipping LC50 values of the extract and azadirachtin against larvae were 6.16, >20.3 microg cm(-2) and 587.7 and >2500 mg litre(-1), respectively. Azadirachtin had no effects on egg production or feeding of adults up to 5000 mg litre(-1); however at 2500 mg litre(-1), it caused significant reduction in feeding activity of larve, prolonged the period for moulting to nymphal stage, and caused 60% reduction in moultability. Results of the two cardiac glycoside materials are comparable with those of several commercial acaricides. The risks and benefits associated with the use of cardiac glycosides are considered.  相似文献   

Spatial variability in herbicide degradation in the subsurface environment of a groundwater protection zone     

Wood M  Issa S  Albuquerque M  Johnson AC 《Pest management science》2002,58(1):3-9

The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial variability in degradation and mineralization of atrazine and isoproturon in subsurface samples taken from sandy loam soils overlying gravel terraces which form part of a groundwater protection zone. Percussion drilling was used to obtain samples from 11 boreholes (maximum depth 3 m). Unlabelled atrazine or isoproturon, and ring-14C-labelled atrazine or isoproturon were added to samples, incubated at 25 degrees C for up to 16 weeks, and analyzed for the residual herbicide or [14C]carbon dioxide. All samples showed the potential to degrade these herbicides, although the percentage degradation decreased by a factor of 2-3 from the surface soil to a depth of 3 m. This was associated with a decrease in organic matter content, but there was no change in the potential to mineralize acetate, indicating that specific changes in the catabolic ability of the microbial population occurred with depth. The capacity of samples to mineralize atrazine and isoproturon to carbon dioxide decreased markedly with depth, with no mineralization potential observed at a depth of 80 cm.  相似文献   

Metabolism of 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl (di-n-butylaminosulfenyl)(methyl)carbamate and 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl (morpholinosulfenyl)(methyl)carbamate in cotton and corn plants     

Noriharu Umetsu  Mohamed A.H. Fahmy  T.Roy Fukuto 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1979,10(1):104-119

The absorption, translocation, and metabolism of two new, selectively toxic derivatives of carbofuran, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl (di-n-butylaminosulfenyl)(methyl)carbamate and 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl (morpholinosulfenyl)(methyl)carbamate, were studied in cotton and corn plants 1, 3, 6, and 10 days following both stem injection and foliage treatment. Both carbamates were readily translocated to all plant parts following stem injection, but translocation following leaf application was restricted to within the leaf. In cotton plants, the dibutylaminosulfenyl derivative was easily hydrolyzed to form carbofuran which, in turn, was oxidized at the 3-position of the ring and the N-methyl group. These oxidized metabolites were then converted to plant conjugates. Major metabolites were carbofuran and 3-hydroxy-carbofuran followed by 3-keto-carbofuran phenol and N-hydroxymethyl-carbofuran. Five minor metabolites also were detected. In corn plants, the dibutylaminosulfenyl derivative gave the same metabolites, although the metabolism rate was significantly slower in corn relative to cotton. Overall, the results showed that there were no fundamental differences in the metabolism of the morpholinosulfenyl and dibutylaminosulfenyl derivatives. The stability of both carbamate derivatives in different solvent systems also was investigated.  相似文献   

Partial budgeting assessment of the treatment of pyometra, follicular cysts and ovarian inactivity causing postpartum anoestrus in dairy cattle     

Abd El-Gawad Salah El-Tahawy  Mostafa Mohammed Fahmy 《Research in veterinary science》2011,90(1):44-50

A total of 412 multiparous German Holstein cows were screened for postpartum pyometra, follicular cysts and ovarian inactivity to assess economic and productivity losses in relation to pharmaceutical expenditures. Our results show that cows treated for pyometra with prostaglandin f2 alpha (PGF2α) and oxytetracycline had significantly (P < 0.05) greater total and net returns than untreated cows or those treated with PGF2α + cephapirin or PGF2α alone. Milk yields from untreated cows affected by follicular cysts were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the yields from cows treated with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)− and GnRH + PGF2α. In addition, the use of GnRH to treat cows with ovarian inactivity resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) lower costs and greater total and net return values compared to untreated controls.  相似文献   

Physiological and biochemical responses of Carthamus tinctorius L. to zinc at vegetative stage     

Ameni Smaoui  Hela Mahmoudi  Sana Medimagh  Ali Taheri  Fethia Zribi  Zeineb Ouerghi  Imene Ben Salah 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2023,186(5):495-506

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Effect of cutting,phosphorus and potassium fertilization on guar plant (Cyamoposis tetragonoloba) in newly reclaimed soil in Egypt     

Elsayed A. Omer  Abdel Fattah  M. Razin  Salah S. Ahmed 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1993,44(3):277-284

A two year experiment was carried out in newly reclaimed soils (sandy soils) to investigate the effect of cutting and phosphorus and potassium fertilization on the growth, yield, seed mucilage content and seed protein content of guar plant. The results revealed that different cutting treatments significantly decreased the plant weight, seed yield, seed mucilage content and seed protein content. Phosphorus fertilization up to 350 kg super-phosphate (15% P₂O₅)/feddan significantly increased plant weight, seed yield, seed mucilage content and seed protein content. Fertilization with 150 kg potassium sulfate (48% K₂O)/feddan was quite capable to meet guar plant potassium demands in this kind of soil. Without cutting plants, fertilization with 350 kg superphosphate and 150 kg potassium sulfate/feddan resulted in the highest seed yield, seed muculage content and seed protein content.  相似文献   

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mitigates heavy metal toxicity adverse effects in sewage water contaminated soil on Tagetes erecta L     

Khalid M. Elhindi  Fahad A. Al-Mana  Salah El-Hendawy  Wadei A. Al-Selwey  Abdallah M. Elgorban 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):662-668

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus constrictum on the biomass production, flower quality, chlorophyll content, macronutrients and heavy metals content of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) planted under uncontaminated soil and watered with various rates of sewage water. Sewage water utilization significantly decreased biomass production, characters of flower, nutrient concentration and rates of mycorrhizal colonization of mycorrhizal (M) and non-mycorrhizal (NM) marigold as compared to control untreated plants especially at the higher rates, but the reduction rate was proportionally higher in non-AM treatments. Mycorrhizal plants had significantly greater yield, relative chlorophyll content, leaf area, flower quality and element (P, N, K and Mg) content compared to non-inoculated marigold plants irrigated with or without sewage water. Furthermore, AM inoculation had highly decreased heavy metal (Zn, Co, Mn, Cu) content in tissues as compared to equivalent non-inoculated plants grown under sewage water application. Growing marigold with AM inoculum can reduce toxicity of heavy metals and enhance biomass production and P uptake. The results support the view that AM have a protective function for the host plant, hence playing a potential function in soil polluted immobilization processes, and thus are of assessing the potential of phytoremediation of heavy metals in sewage water contaminated soil.  相似文献   

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SEED PRIMING METHODS FOR IMPROVING SALT STRESS TOLERANCE IN LETTUCE PLANTS     

Hela Mahmoudi  Raouia Ben Massoud  Olfa Baatour  Imen Tarchoune  Imen Ben Salah  Nawel Nasri 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):1910-1922

Seeds of lettuce, variety Romaine were subjected to different priming treatments such as water, potassium nitrate (KNO₃) and gibberellic acid (GA₃). Seedlings obtained from primed (Pr) and nonprimed (NP) seeds were grown in a hydroponic culture system supplemented with 0, 100 or 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl). The different physiological and biochemical responses were studied 15 days after treatment. Under NaCl, the dry weight was higher in plants derived from hydro-primed (HP) seeds when compared to NP, osmoprimed (KNO₃P), and hormonal primed (GA₃P) ones. Under control and 100 mM NaCl treatment, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and EL did not show any correlation with activities of gaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT), but did with the increase in reduced ascorbate (AsA) and total ascorbate contents. The results indicated that plants derived from HP seeds exhibited higher adaptive potential under salinity stress. Our findings suggest that a hydropriming technique can be used as a simple commercial approach to alleviate the effects of NaCl induced stress in lettuce plants.  相似文献