Toxical effect of Peganum harmala L. leaves on the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis Boisd and its parasitoids Microplitis rufiventris Kok     

Shonouda M  Osman S  Salama O  Ayoub A 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(4):546-552

The leaf extract and its fractions of Peganum harmala L. have shown pronounced mortal effect, decreased percent pupation and adult emergence of the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. The third instar larvae fed for two days on treated leaves were more susceptible to plant extract and its ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions. The active lowest concentration (5%) of the leaf fractions of P. harmala showed significant effect on the percentage of emerged adult parasitoids, Microplitis rufiventris Kok. GC/MS analysis showed the major constituent in ethyl acetate fraction was (23S) ethylcholest-5-en-3 beta-ol (28.04%) while those of chloroform fraction were hydroxyfuranocoumarin (Bergaptol) (15.68%), piperidinone (12.08%), thymol (11.82%), phosphoric acid, tributyl ester (9.80%) and trimethyl-nonenol (9.66%). The medicinal plant P. harmala could be carefully applied in integrated pest management due to its strong effect on cotton leaf worm pest.  相似文献   

The extent to which lipopolysaccharide modulates oxidative stress response in Mugil cephalus juveniles     

Afaf D. Abdel‐Mageid  Abeer Gamal Zaki  Yakout A. El Senosi  Amel M. El Asely  Hanan A. Fahmy  Seham El‐Kassas  Haitham G. Abo‐Al‐Ela 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(1):426-431

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Modulatory effect of lipopolysaccharide on immune‐related gene expression and serum protein fractionation in grey mullet,Mugil cephalus     

Afaf D. Abdel‐Mageid  Abeer Gamal Zaki  Yakout A. El Senosi  Hanan A. Fahmy  Amel M. El Asely  Haitham G. Abo‐Al‐Ela  Seham El‐Kassas 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(4):1643-1652

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Effect of chronic lead intoxication on the distribution and elimination of amoxicillin in goats     

Ahmed M. Soliman  Ehab A. Abu-Basha  Salah A. H. Youssef  Aziza M. Amer  Patricia A. Murphy  Catherine C. Hauck  Ronette Gehring  Walter H. Hsu 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2013,14(4):395-403

A study of amoxicillin pharmacokinetics was conducted in healthy goats and goats with chronic lead intoxication. The intoxicated goats had increased serum concentrations of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase), blood urea nitrogen, and reactivated δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase compared to the controls. Following intravenous amoxicillin (10 mg/kg bw) in control and lead-intoxicated goats, elimination half-lives were 4.14 and 1.26 h, respectively. The volumes of distribution based on the terminal phase were 1.19 and 0.38 L/kg, respectively, and those at steady-state were 0.54 and 0.18 L/kg, respectively. After intramuscular (IM) amoxicillin (10 mg/kg bw) in lead-intoxicated goats and control animals, the absorption, distribution, and elimination of the drug were more rapid in lead-intoxicated goats than the controls. Peak serum concentrations of 21.89 and 12.19 µg/mL were achieved at 1 h and 2 h, respectively, in lead-intoxicated and control goats. Amoxicillin bioavailability in the lead-intoxicated goats decreased 20% compared to the controls. After amoxicillin, more of the drug was excreted in the urine from lead-intoxicated goats than the controls. Our results suggested that lead intoxication in goats increases the rate of amoxicillin absorption after IM administration and distribution and elimination. Thus, lead intoxication may impair the therapeutic effectiveness of amoxicillin.  相似文献   

芹菜叶斑病病原菌的分离鉴定、生物学特性及其生防菌筛选   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张建强  吴康莉  张晓梦  李佳佳  Abdramane Salah Zene  漆永红  沈彤  田永强 《西北农业学报》2021,(7):1089-1099

为了明确甘肃省定西市芹菜叶斑病的病原,开展了病原菌分离、形态学特征和分子生物学鉴定、生物学特性研究,并初步筛选了该病原菌的生防菌。确定病原菌Q1为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),该菌菌丝体生长最适碳源和氮源分别为玉米粉和硝酸钾,最适pH为7.5,最适温度为25℃;该菌孢子萌发最适温度为25℃、最适pH为7;光照有利于菌丝体生长,但对孢子萌发无影响;菌丝体和孢子的致死温度均为55℃处理10min。采用对峙法测定了蜡样芽胞杆菌(4-2-1)、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(F3A)、甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(9-2-1)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(SL1)及荧光假单胞菌(YG)5种生防细菌菌株对芹菜叶斑病菌Q1的拮抗效果,结果表明这5株生防菌对Q1菌株均具有拮抗作用,其中解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)的抑菌率最高,达到69.80%。首次明确了定西市芹菜叶斑病是细极链格孢(A.tenuissima)引起的,解淀粉芽孢杆菌(SL1)具有生防潜力,研究结果为深入开展芹菜链格孢叶斑类病害的生物防治提供了理论依据和技术支撑。  相似文献   

Chemopreventive effects of sarcotriol on ultraviolet B-induced skin tumor development in SKH-1 hairless mice          下载免费PDF全文

Kundoor V  Zhang X  Bommareddy A  Khalifa S  Fahmy H  Dwivedi C 《Marine drugs》2007,5(4):197-207

Sarcotriol (ST) has been shown to be chemopreventive on 7,12-dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) initiated and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-promoted skin tumor development in CD-1 mice in recent studies from our laboratory. The objective of this study was to determine the chemopreventive effects of ST on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin tumor development in female SKH-1 hairless mice, an experimental model relevant to human skin cancer development, and its possible mechanisms of action. Female SKH-1 mice were divided into two groups: Control and ST treated. Control was topically treated with 100 μL acetone and ST treated group administered with 30 μg ST in 100 μL acetone one hour before UVB exposure. For UVB-induced tumorigenesis, carcinogenesis was initiated and promoted by UVB (180 mJ/cm²). Group weights and tumor counts were taken once every week. After 30 weeks, mice were sacrificed and dorsal skin samples were collected. The proteins from the skin sample were further used for SDS-PAGE and Western blotting using specific antibodies against caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and p53. Tumor multiplicity was found 19.6, 5.2 in the control and ST treated groups respectively. Caspase-3, -8, -9 and p53 were significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated in ST treated group compared to Control group. Together, this study for the first time identifies the chemopreventive effects of ST in UVB-induced carcinogenesis possibly by inducing apoptosis and upregulating p53.  相似文献   

Dry Atmospheric Contribution to the Plant–Soil System Around a Cement Factory: Spatial Variations and Sources—a Case Study from Oman     

Khadija Semhi  Salah Al-Khirbash  Osman Abdalla  Tabisam Khan  Joelle Duplay  Sam Chaudhuri  Salim Al-Saidi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,205(1-4):343-357

The present study determines the source of dust particles and investigates their impact on the chemical compositions of plants and soils around a cement factory in Oman within a radius of 10 km of this disturbed ecosystem. A total number of nine samples of the species of plants (Rhazya stricta), nine samples of soils, and nine samples of dust were collected and analyzed for major ions and trace elements including rare earth elements (REEs). Principal component analysis applied to the major and trace element concentrations in the dust indicated the input of at least two sources to the dust in the study area: ophiolites and cement. The REE distribution in the plants and soils revealed that the most available elements to plants originated dominantly from ophiolites rather than from cement. The contribution of cement industry is significant only in the zone located at about 0.500 to 2 km around the cement factory, whereas the contribution of ophiolites increases with distance from the cement factory.  相似文献   

Effects of different sources and levels of dietary chromium supplementation on performance of broiler chicks     

Assem Mohamed Safwat  Asmaa Shawkey Elnaggar  Osama Ahmed Elghalid  Waleed Salah EL‐Tahawy 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

The current experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different dietary chromium supplementation sources, chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃), chromium methionine (Cr‐Met), or chromium yeast (Cr‐yeast), at different levels each (500 or 1,000 ppb) on growth performance, physiological traits, and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. A total of 490 seven‐day‐old Arbor Acres chicks were randomly distributed into 7 experimental groups each in 10 replicates of 7 birds each. The groups were control, 500 ppb Cr₂O₃, 1,000 ppb Cr₂O₃, 500 ppb Cr‐Met, 1,000 ppb Cr‐Met, 500 ppb Cr‐yeast, and 1,000 ppb Cr‐yeast. The results showed significant superiority of the organic chromium sources (Cr‐Met or Cr‐yeast) concerning body weight and weight gain, the group supplemented with 1,000 ppb Cr‐yeast consumed the lowest feed (3,185 g) and had the best feed conversion ratio (1.60) compared to the control (1.73). The chromium treatments recorded significantly better protein and lipid profile, antioxidant status, and immunological parameters than the control group. Similarly, dietary chromium supplementation increased carcass yield and decreased intestinal pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, supplementing broiler diets with organic chromium sources at 1,000 ppb promotes growth performance, physiological traits, and carcass characteristics; such chromium treatments enhanced the antioxidant status and immunity levels of broilers.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary protein-energy levels and fish initial sizes on growth rate, development and production of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L.     

Mohamed A Sweilum  Mohamed M Abdella  & Shady A Salah El-Din 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(14):1414-1421

The effects of dietary protein‐energy levels on the growth rate, proximate composition and production were examined in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, at two starting weights (22.9 and 39.8 g) reared in concrete ponds for 180 days. The highest weight gain (183.1 g) was obtained with fish fed a 30% protein and 10.5 kJ g^?1 diet for the small initial size and 180.2 g for a diet containing 25% protein and 12.6 kJ g^?1 for the large initial size. Dressed yields (edible mass) and fillets increased to 56.9% and 52.5% in fish fed diet with 25% protein and 10.5 kJ g^?1 at the initial size of 22.9 g, while fish started at 39.8 g exhibited the best values (56.5% and 52.1%) when fed the 30% protein and 10.5 kJ g^?1 diet. Proximate composition of soft tissue (wet weight basis) in small fish was significantly influenced by dietary protein‐energy levels. Protein was 26.1±0.3% in fish fed the high protein (30%) and low energy (10.5 kJ g^?1 diet), while lipid content was 6.4±0.3% at diet containing 20% protein and 14.7 kJ g^?1 diet. Large initial size fish fed the diet with 25% protein and 14.7 kJ g^?1 had the highest body protein (32.0±0.4%) and lowest lipid content (2.2±0.3%). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio varied with different dietary protein‐energy levels and initial fish sizes. Feed conversion ratio increased with increasing protein and decreasing energy level in the diet, and values in small fish were higher than values in large fish. Protein efficiency ratio decreased with increasing dietary protein level and decreasing energy level. The maximum total production (7.6 tons feddan^?1) was with dietary high protein (30%) and low energy (10.5 kJ g^?1) for small‐sized fish, while large initial fish had the highest production (3.7 tons feddan^?1) when fed the 25% protein and 12.6 kJ g^?1 diet energy. Starting with 22.9 g fish was more advantageous than the initial size of 39.8 g for rearing Nile tilapia. Small fish required a high‐protein and low‐energy diet, whereas large fish required a low‐protein and high‐energy diet to achieve highest production.  相似文献   

Potent Skin Cancer Chemopreventing Activity of Some Novel Semi-synthetic Cembranoids from Marine Sources     

Hesham Fahmy  Jordan K. Zjawiony  Takao Konoshima  Harukuni Tokuda  Shabana Khan  Sherief Khalifa 《Marine drugs》2006,4(2):28-36

In the course of our continuing research in development and evaluation of novel skin cancer chemopreventive agents from marine sources, five semi-synthetic cembranoids derived from the marine natural product sarcophine, isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum, were synthesized and shown to exhibit a remarkable chemopreventive activity in the in-vitro Epstein Barr Virus Early Antigen (EBV-EA) activation assay. These compounds were assayed in vivo using the two-stage carcinogenesis test of mouse skin tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as a promoter by topical administration. They showed potent inhibition of both percentage incidence of skin tumor as well as the multiplicity of skin tumors per mouse compared to untreated controls.  相似文献