Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield and quality of durum wheat cultivated in northern Italy and their interaction with different soils and growing seasons     

Federico Marinaccio  Amedeo Reyneri 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(5):643-654

Durum wheat in temperate regions can lead to yields with higher technological quality and stability compared to Mediterranean areas. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen (N fertilization on grain yield and quality, in different pedo-climatic conditions of temperate areas. Field experiments were conducted in two sites (sandy-loam and silty-clay-loam) in Northern-West Italy for three years: five different N rates, two different types of fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, nutritional activator, slow-release fertilizer) were compared considering yield, protein content and yellowberry. N fertilizer rate had a more consistent effect on protein than yield; the response was affected by soil texture and rainfall during the growing season. The use of different types of fertilizer seem to play a minor role. The management of N fertilization must consider mainly the effect on quality parameters of N rates and rainfall during the growing season and their interaction with soil texture.  相似文献   

Mercury in Biota and Surficial Sediments from Coatzacoalcos Estuary, Gulf of Mexico: Distribution and Seasonal Variation     

Jorge Ruelas-Inzunza  Federico Páez-Osuna  Nydia Zamora-Arellano  Felipe Amezcua-Martínez  Humberto Bojórquez-Leyva 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,197(1-4):165-174

Variation of mercury (Hg) in sediments and biota from Coatzacoalcos estuary during the dry, rainy and windy seasons was estimated. In sediments, Hg concentrations ranged from 0.07 μg g^?1 in site 13 (Ixhuatepec) located upstream, to 1.06 μg g^?1 in site 3 (Coatzacoalcos river), located in the industrialized area. Highest enrichment factor (EF) and index of geoaccumulation (I _geo) in surficial sediments were 53 and 5.1 respectively. From EF and I _geo, it is considered that Coatzacoalcos estuary is from moderately contaminated to contaminated. In most fish species from Coatzacoalcos estuary, the sequence of Hg concentration was liver>muscle>gills. Average Hg concentrations in soft tissue of bivalves ranged from 0.09 μg g^?1 in Corbicula fluminea to 0.18 μg g^?1 in Polymesoda caroliniana. Biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) ranged from 0.9 in P. caroliniana during the rainy season (site 4) to 3.8 in P. caroliniana from the same site during the windy season.  相似文献   

The impact of sea erosion on coastal Pinus pinea stands: A diachronic analysis combining tree-rings and ecological markers     

Sabrina Raddi  Paolo Cherubini  Marco Lauteri  Federico Magnani 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

Coastal erosion is a widespread phenomenon on sandy coasts throughout the Mediterranean region; along the Thyrrenian coast of Tuscany (Italy), stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) stands originally planted for the protection of agricultural crops further inland are often damaged. In the present study, a pairwise comparison of stands at different distance from the sea at eroded and control sites highlighted the effects of coastal erosion alone on pine growth and function. Dendroecological analyses made it possible to determine the temporal dynamics of the phenomenon since 1930 and the interactions with climate, whilst additional structural (LAI, sapwood area) and functional (carbon isotope discrimination) measurements were used to discriminate between stress mechanisms. Salty winds, exacerbated by the removal of dunal vegetation, were found to be the most likely cause of the observed growth decline. The presence and, in more recent times, the reduction of surfactants in sea water played an important synergistic effect. The intrusion of salty water in the water table, on the contrary, played a marginal role at the site. Finally, stressed trees were more sensitive to the inter-annual variability in precipitation; at all sites, growth was stimulated by June, November and December precipitation in the current and two preceding years.  相似文献   

Phlorotannin Extracts from Fucales Characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn: Approaches to Hyaluronidase Inhibitory Capacity and Antioxidant Properties     

Federico Ferreres  Graciliana Lopes  Angel Gil-Izquierdo  Paula B. Andrade  Carla Sousa  Teresa Mouga  Patrícia Valent?o 《Marine drugs》2012,10(12):2766-2781

Purified phlorotannin extracts from four brown seaweeds (Cystoseira nodicaulis (Withering) M. Roberts, Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Hudson) Papenfuss, Cystoseira usneoides (Linnaeus) M. Roberts and Fucus spiralis Linnaeus), were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSⁿ. Fucophloroethol, fucodiphloroethol, fucotriphloroethol, 7-phloroeckol, phlorofucofuroeckol and bieckol/dieckol were identified. The antioxidant activity and the hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibitory capacity exhibited by the extracts were also assessed. A correlation between the extracts activity and their chemical composition was established. F. spiralis, the species presenting higher molecular weight phlorotannins, generally displayed the strongest lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 2.32 mg/mL dry weight) and the strongest HAase inhibitory capacity (IC₅₀ = 0.73 mg/mL dry weight). As for superoxide radical scavenging, C. nodicaulis was the most efficient species (IC₅₀ = 0.93 mg/mL dry weight), followed by F. spiralis (IC₅₀ = 1.30 mg/mL dry weight). These results show that purified phlorotannin extracts have potent capabilities for preventing and slowing down the skin aging process, which is mainly associated with free radical damage and with the reduction of hyaluronic acid concentration, characteristic of the process.  相似文献   

Development of the polysaccharidic matrix in biocrusts induced by a cyanobacterium inoculated in sand microcosms     

Gianmarco?Mugnai  Federico?RossiEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Vincent?John?Martin?Noah?Linus?Felde  Claudia?Colesie  Burkhard?Büdel  Stephan?Peth  Aaron?Kaplan  Roberto?De?Philippis 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2018,54(1):27-40

Soil inoculation with cyanobacteria (cyanobacterization) is a biotechnological method widely studied to improve soil quality and productivity. During their growth on soil, cyanobacteria excrete exopolysaccharides (EPSs) which glue trichomes to soil particles, in a three-dimensional extracellular polymeric matrix. EPS productivity is an important screening parameter to select proficient inoculants and is affected by growth conditions and abiotic stresses. In this study, we evaluated the capability of the cyanobacterium Schizothrix cf. delicatissima AMPL0116 to form biocrusts when inoculated in sand microcosms under stressing conditions, and the characteristics of the synthesized polymeric matrix. In parallel, we evaluated the characteristics of exopolysaccharidic exudates of the strain when grown in liquid culture, under optimal growth setting. Our results pointed out at significant differences of the exopolymers produced in the two conditions in terms of monosaccharidic composition and molecular weight distribution, and proved the capability of S. cf. delicatissima AMPL0116 to form stable bioaggregates on sandy soils.  相似文献   

The use of the first industrial X-ray CT scanner increases the lumber recovery value: case study on visually strength-graded Douglas-fir timber     

Andreas Rais  Enrico Ursella  Enrico Vicario  Federico Giudiceandrea 《Annals of Forest Science》2017,74(2):28

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Vermicomposting leachate as liquid fertilizer for the cultivation of sugarcane (Saccharum sp.)     

Federico Antonio Gutiérrez-Miceli  Roberto Carlos García-Gómez  María Angela Oliva-Llaven  Joaquin Adolfo Montes-Molina 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(1):40-49

In vermicomposting, the main product is the worm casts, but a leachate is generated that contains large amounts of plant nutrients. This leachate is normally diluted to avoid plant damage. We investigated how dilution of vermicompost leachate combined with different concentrations of nitrogen (N) - phosphorus (P) - potassium (K) triple 17 fertilizer, and polyoxyethylene tridecyl alcohol as dispersant and polyethylene nonylphenol as adherent to increase efficiency of fertilizer uptake, affected sugarcane plant development. The vermicomposting leachate with pH 7.8 and electrolytic conductivity 2.6 dS m^?1, contained 834 mg potassium (K) l^?1, 247 mg nitrate (NO₃^?) l^?1 and 168 mg phosphate (PO₄^3?) l^?1, was free of pathogens and resulted in a 65% germination index. Vermicompost leachate did not inhibit sugarcane growth and mixed with 170 g l^?1 NPK triple 17 fertilizer resulted in the best plant development. No dispersant or adherent was required to improve plant height and stem development.  相似文献   

Evaluation of non-chemical seed treatment methods for the control of Alternaria dauci and A. radicina on carrot seeds     

Eckhard Koch  Annegret Schmitt  Dietrich Stephan  Carola Kromphardt  Marga Jahn  Hermann-Josef Krauthausen  Gustaf Forsberg  Sigrid Werner  Tahsein Amein  Sandra A. I. Wright  Federico Tinivella  Maria L. Gullino  Steven J. Roberts  Jan van der Wolf  Steven P. C. Groot 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(1):99-112

The current study was initiated to evaluate the efficacy of physical methods (hot water, aerated steam, electron treatment) and agents of natural origin (resistance inducers, plant derived products, micro-organisms) as seed treatments of carrots for control of Alternaria dauci and A. radicina. Control of both Alternaria species by seed treatment with the resistance inducers was generally poor. Results were also not satisfactory with most of the formulated commercial micro-organism preparations. Based on the average of five field trials, one of these, BA 2552 (Pseudomonas chlororaphis), provided a low but significant increase in plant stand. Among the experimental micro-organisms, the best results were obtained with Pseudomonas sp. strain MF 416 and Clonostachys rosea strain IK726. A similar level of efficacy was provided by seed treatment with an emulsion (1%) of thyme oil in water. Good and consistent control was generally achieved with the physical methods aerated steam, hot water and electron treatment. Aerated steam treatment was, apart from the thiram-containing chemical standard, the best single treatment, and its performance may at least partially be due to extensive pre-testing, resulting in dosages optimally adapted to the respective seed lot. In some of the experiments the effect of the hot water treatment, which was tested at a fixed, not specifically adapted dosage, was significantly improved when combined with a Pseudomonas sp. MF 416 or C. rosea IK726 treatment. The results are discussed in relation to the outcome of experiments in which the same seed treatment methods and agents were tested in other seed-borne vegetable pathosystems.  相似文献   

A comparison of anesthetic complications between diabetic and nondiabetic dogs undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery: a retrospective study     

James A. C. Oliver  Louise Clark  Federico Corletto  David J. Gould 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(4):244-250

Objective To compare the incidence of anesthetic complications in diabetic and nondiabetic dogs undergoing general anesthesia and phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Procedure The medical and anesthetic records of all dogs undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery at Davies Veterinary Specialists between 2005 and 2008 were reviewed. Anesthetic records were evaluated by an ECVAA Diplomate. Dogs for which records were incomplete were excluded. The anesthetic technique, including all drugs administered in the perioperative period, was recorded. The anesthetic complications investigated included hypotension (MAP (mmHg): ≥55 none/mild; ≤54 moderate/severe), bradycardia (<60 bpm associated with hypotension) and hypothermia (esophageal temperature <36.7 °C). Where hypotension was present, the method of and response to treatment was recorded. The incidence of severe hyperglycemia (blood glucose >13.75 mmol/L (250 mg/dL)) in the diabetic group was also assessed. Results 66 diabetic and 64 nondiabetic dogs were included in the study. Diabetic dogs were more likely to develop moderate and severe intraoperative hypotension than nondiabetic dogs. Forty‐four percent of diabetic dogs had at least one episode of severe hyperglycemia whilst anesthetized. Conclusions Diabetic dogs undergoing phacoemulsification are more likely to suffer the anesthetic complications of moderate and severe hypotension than nondiabetic dogs. The increased incidence and severity of hypotension in diabetic dogs may be explained by hypovolemia secondary to hyperglycemia and resultant osmotic diuresis.  相似文献   

New beverages of lemon juice enriched with the exotic berries maqui, açaı́, and blackthorn: bioactive components and in vitro biological properties     

Gironés-Vilaplana A  Valentão P  Moreno DA  Ferreres F  García-Viguera C  Andrade PB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(26):6571-6580

Following previous research on lemon juice enriched with berries, the aim of this work was to design new blends based on lemon juice mixed with different edible berries of exotic and national origin: maqui ( Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz), a?a?? ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.), and blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa L.). The phytochemical characterization of controls and blends was performed by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS(n). Their antioxidant capacity against DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals and hypochlorous acid and their potential to inhibit cholinesterases were also assessed. The profiling of the red fruits and lemon revealed a wide range of bioactive phenolics. The novel beverage based on lemon juice and maqui berry (LM) was the most interesting blend in terms of antioxidant capacity. Berry control samples displayed reduced effects on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, the lemon juice control being always the most active. This activity was also remarkable for lemon-blackthorn (LB) and lemon-a?a?? (LA) blends, the last being the most effective inhibitor of cholinesterases among all samples. The results suggested that lemon juice enriched with berries could be of potential interest in the design of new drinks with a nutritive related function on health for chronic diseases.  相似文献