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21.
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for human and livestock with antioxidant and anticancer characteristics. Although Se is not an essential element for plants, it has been reported that it can improve plant growth. This experiment was conducted at the Isfahan University of Technology in winter 2010. The experiment was factorial based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Se was added to nutrient solution in four concentrations 2, 4, and 6 mg/L sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). Root volume, fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, number and weight of fruits, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis traits [photosynthesis rate, stomata internal carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, stomata conductance] were measured. Results showed that Se increased root dry weight. Fresh and dry weights of shoot increased in the 2 mg/L Se treatment and decreased at the higher level of Se. Chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate were not affected by Se. Stomata internal CO2 concentration and stomata conductance decreased by Se addition. Overall, Se at 2 mg/L application rate was effective in some physiological characteristics of cucumber. 相似文献
22.
This experiment was conducted as a factorial based on complete randomized design (CRD) to study the effects of mycorrhiza inoculation density on cucumber cv. Super N3 irrigated with different salinity sodium chloride (NaCl) levels. Treatments were mycorrhiza inoculations; M1 (non mycorrhizal plant), M2 and M3 (mycorrhiza inoculations with 1000 and 2000 spores) and saline water was provided by S1, S2, S3, and S4 (control, 50, 75, and 100 mM NaCl) with 4 replications. The results showed that saline water reduced root, shoot, and fruit weights, and increased proline and electrolyte leakage. Photosynthesis rate, stomata and mesophyll conductance significantly decreased with increased NaCl concentrations. Mycorrhiza inoculation with 2000 spores increased fruit fresh and dry weights, proline and electrolyte leakage, and both mycorrhiza inoculations increased root and shoot dry weights, photosynthesis and stomata conductance. Root volume increased by mycorrhiza inoculation with 2000 spores under non-stress condition, and root length was stimulated by both mycorrhiza inoculations at all saline water levels. Fruit fresh and dry weights were enhanced by mycorrhiza inoculation with 1000 spores at all saline water levels. Photosynthesis rate was reduced by saline water stress and mycorrhiza inoculation stimulated photosynthesis rate. Mycorrhiza inoculation with 2000 spores increased transpiration under saline and non-saline conditions. Proline content of cucumber leaves increased under saline water application. Electrolyte leakage increased by saline water and mycorrhiza inoculation could not improve it. Both mycorrhiza inoculations (1000 and 2000 spores) at all salinity levels, and mycorrhiza inoculation with 1000 spores at 100 mM NaCl enhanced fruit weight, photosynthesis, and proline content of the cucumber leaves. 相似文献
23.
Adel Spotin Soheila Rouhani Parnazsadat Ghaemmaghami Ali Haghighi Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari Aref Amirkhani Mahin Farahmand Ali Bordbar Parviz Parvizi 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2015,19(3):149-159
Background:
Molecular diversity of Leishmania major and its morphological changes have become a controversial issue among researchers. Some aspects of polymorphic shapes of amastigotes in clinical manifestations along with molecular variation were evaluated among suspected patients of some exceptional zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis locations in Northern Khuzestan, Southwestern Iran.Methods:
Suspected patients (n = 165) were sampled in zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis foci over two consecutive years during 2012-2014. Prepared smears were stained, scaled and measured by ocular micrometer. DNA was extracted from smears; ITS-rDNA and Cytochrome b (Cyt b) markers were amplified, and PCR products were digested by BsuR1 restriction enzyme. Then the RFLP and sequencing were employed.Results:
Only L. major was identified in patients containing regular amastigotes'' shapes (oval or round) with a size of 2-4 µm in each of classical wet, dry, mixed lesions. Meanwhile, irregular shapes (spindle, pear, or cigarette) were observed separately in non-classical wet lesions with more than 4 µm. Interestingly, a few amastigotes with an external flagellum were observed in some lesions. All sequenced ITS-rDNA and Cyt b genes of L. major did not show any molecular variation (χ 2 P > 0.05), including only one common haplotype (GenBank access no. EF413075).Conclusion:
Findings proved that unlike other endemic foci, there is not a meaningful correlation between phenotypic and genotypic features of L. major isolates. This study is considered as the first comprehensive report to incriminate morphometric shapes of L. major amastigotes, which enhances our knowledge concerning their relevance with various clinical appearances and genotypic traits. Key Words: Leishmania major, Nuclear gene, Mitochondrial gene, Amastigote shapes, Iran 相似文献24.
Mohamad Hassanzadeh-Khayyat Maryam Akaberi Hamideh Moalemzadeh Haghighi Amirhossein Sahebkar Seyed Ahmad Emami 《林业研究》2019,(2):429-433
Epicuticular waxes have vital roles in the growth and development of plants and in defense. Conifers have a considerable amount of waxes on their cones and leaves.Here we characterized the n-alkane composition of Iranian conifers, including Juniperus oblonga, J. foetidissima, J.sabina, J. communis subsp. hemisphaerica, J. excelsa,Cupressus sempervirens, Platycladus orientalis from Cupressaceae and Taxus baccata from Taxaceae for the first time using GC-FID analyses. In the waxes, 25 n-alkane homologs with chain lengths ranging from C7 to C32 were identified. Short-chain n-alkanes were dominant in almost all samples with some exceptions. Complementary studies to elucidate complete wax constituents of Iranian conifers and n-alkane distribution pattern as a function of geographical and bioclimatic variables are recommended. 相似文献
25.
Information is scant on the effect of humic acid (HA) on physiological, antioxidant and photosynthesis attributes of gerbera plants undergoing nutrient deficiency in culture solution. Gerbera plants cv. Malibu were grown in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications, using 3 different nutrient solutions [complete nutrient solution (NSc), 25% NSc (NS1), and 50% NSc (NS2)] treated with 2 levels of humic acid [0 (HA0) and 500 mg/l (HA1)].The interaction effect of HA and NS showed that HA improved the flower number in NSc, the transpiration in NS1+HA1, photosynthesis rate in NSc+HA1, stomatal conductance (gs) in NS2, mesophyll conductance of leaves in all NS levels and photosynthetic water use efficiency in NSc+HA1. The interaction effect of nutrient solution and HA on antioxidant activity was inconclusive, malondialdehyde content was the highest in NS2 and the lowest in NS1+HA1. The peroxidase activity increased in complete nutrient solution with and without HA and there were no differences among other treatments. Superoxide dismutase activity increased in NS1 and complete nutrient solution with HA and reached the highest in NSc. Humic acid was more effective in nutrient uptake, i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, zinc, and iron (N, P, K, Ca, Zn, and Fe) in complete nutrient solution compared to NS1 and NS2. Conclusively, humic acid can compensate the nutrient deficiency stress of the culture solution in regards to protein synthesis, photosynthesis attributes regardless of the nutrient uptake of gerbera. 相似文献
26.
C S Bailey R L Kitchell S S Haghighi R D Johnson 《American journal of veterinary research》1984,45(9):1689-1698
The anatomy of the cutaneous nerves innervating the canine thorax and abdomen was investigated by gross dissection of 38 dogs. Additionally, the cutaneous areas innervated by the thoracic and abdominal cutaneous nerves were mapped in a 2nd group of 33 barbiturate-anesthetized male dogs, using electrophysiologic techniques. The skin of the thorax was innervated by dorsal cutaneous branches, lateral cutaneous branches, and ventral cutaneous branches of the spinal nerves. The dorsal cutaneous branches were branches of the dorsal primary branches of spinal nerves C6 and T2 through T11. The lateral cutaneous branches were branches of the ventral primary branches of spinal nerves T2 through T12. The ventral cutaneous branches were branches of the ventral primary branches of spinal nerves T2 through T10. The skin of the abdomen was innervated by dorsal and lateral cutaneous branches of spinal nerves T12 through L3 (and occasionally L4). The cutaneous areas of the dorsal cutaneous branches occupied the dorsal half of the scapular and thoracic regions and the dorsal 2/5 of the abdominal region. The cutaneous areas of the lateral cutaneous branches covered the major portion of the ventral half of the thorax and the ventral 3/5 of the abdomen. The cutaneous areas of the ventral cutaneous branches occupied the axilla and the ventral part of the thoracic wall. 相似文献
27.
Abdul-Careem MF Hunter DB Thanthrige-Don N Haghighi HR Lambourne MD Sharif S 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,122(3-4):275-284
The objective of the study was to determine the cellular and cytokine responses associated with dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced skin contact hypersensitivity (SCH), as an indicator of cell-mediated immune response, in the chicken. The thickness of the DNFB-treated foot web was increased by 6h.p.i. (hours post-induction), peaked by 24h.p.i. and then declined gradually until the lowest measurements were observed at 72h.p.i. Infiltration of eosinophils was the highest at 6 and 12h.p.i. and gradually declined by 48h.p.i. The degree of infiltration of both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells varied with mild infiltration observed at 6h.p.i., moderate to heavy infiltration observed at 12h.p.i. that persisted through 24 and 48h.p.i. and declined by 72h.p.i. Infiltration of macrophages during the study period was prominent, yet less remarkable differences were recorded between observations. Expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-gamma in skin tissue was at its highest at 6h.p.i. compared to other observed time points, yet only the expression of IFN-gamma and IL-10 genes turned out to be significantly higher at 6h.p.i. compared to all other time points. In conclusion, DNFB-induced SCH in chicken was associated with an early up-regulation of cytokine genes, and infiltration of eosinophils along with macrophages, CD8+, and CD4+ T cells at the site of induction. 相似文献
28.
Cytokine gene expression in chicken cecal tonsils following treatment with probiotics and Salmonella infection 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Haghighi HR Abdul-Careem MF Dara RA Chambers JR Sharif S 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,126(1-3):225-233
Probiotics are currently employed for control of pathogens and enhancement of immune response in chickens. In this study, we investigated the underlying immunological mechanisms of the action of probiotics against colonization of the chicken intestine by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella serovar Typhimurium). Birds received probiotics by oral gavage on day 1 of age and, subsequently, received Salmonella serovar Typhimurium on day 2 of age. Cecal tonsils were removed on days 1, 3 and 5 post-infection (p.i.), RNA was extracted and subjected to real-time quantitative RT-PCR for measurement of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma gene expression. There was no significant difference in IL-6 and IL-10 gene expression in cecal tonsils of chickens belonging to various treatment groups. Salmonella serovar Typhimurium infection resulted in a significant increase in IL-12 expression in cecal tonsils on days 1 and 5p.i. However, when chickens were treated with probiotics prior to experimental infection with Salmonella, the level of IL-12 expression was similar to that observed in uninfected control chickens. Treatment of birds with probiotics resulted in a significant decrease in IFN-gamma gene expression in cecal tonsils of chickens infected with Salmonella compared to the Salmonella-infected birds not treated with probiotics. These findings reveal that repression of IL-12 and IFN-gamma expression is associated with probiotic-mediated reduction in intestinal colonization with Salmonella serovar Typhimurium. 相似文献
29.
Maryam Haghighi Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(2):142-155
An experiment was established to assess the ability of selenium (Se) to reduce cadmium (Cd) toxicity when tomato was grown hydroponically. A factorial experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with six replicates in cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. 4200). The Se was applied at four levels [0 mg L–1 (Se0), 2 mg L–1 Se (Se1), 4 mg L–1 Se (Se2), and 6 mg L–1 Se (Se3)], whereas Cd was applied at three levels [0 µM Cd (Cd0), 5 µM Cd (Cd1), and 7 µM Cd (Cd2)]. The Se improved the dry weight of roots even when plants were exposed to Cd. Treatment Se1 improved the dry weight of shoots in Cd1 and Cd2. Treatments Se1 and Se2 improved photosynthesis in Cd1. Treatment Se1 significantly improved stomatal conductance in Cd2 at all levels of Se relative to Cd2. The greatest Cd concentration in leaves was observed in Cd2 × Se0 and while Se concentration in solution increased in response to Se1, Se2, and Se3. The greatest Se level reduced Cd uptake the most. Growth and photosynthetic attributes can be negatively affected by Cd, but Se has the ability to buffer, or improve, several attributes. 相似文献
30.
The application of biosolids to agricultural fields is becoming increasingly common. The effect of biosolids on the behavior of metals in different plants has been reported to be variable and ambiguous. A greenhouse experiment was conducted on a soil spiked with four rates of copper (Cu) (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg kg?1) and zinc (Zn) (0, 150, 300, and 450 mg kg?1) in lettuce culture. When Cu and Zn were spiked to anaerobically-digested biosolids, their availability in lettuce increased. Root and shoot fresh weight decreased due to a decrease in photosynthetic rate. superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidases (POD) activity increased after the application of Cu and Zn. The bioavailability of Zn in lettuce was greater than that of Cu because of a higher transfer factor in plants and due to a higher endogenous Zn concentration.These results will allow for better fertilization management when biosolids are applied to tomato culture. 相似文献