Is moisture really the most important influencing factor on the mechanical properties of claw horn? Modulus of elasticity and dry-matter content in flat and contracted claws     

Apprich V  Hinterhofer C  Polsterer E  Ferguson JC  Stanek C 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2008,121(3-4):95-101

The modulus of elasticity (E) and dry matter content (DMC) of horn samples from two types of claw deformity (contracted and flat claws) were determined according to EN-ISO 527 and ASTM D 638-03. The overall E values for all segments combined were 168 +/- 154 MPa (mean +/- SD, n = 79) and 248 +/- 196 (n = 90) for contracted and flat claws, respectively. These values were approximately 60% and 40% less than the E value of sound claw material.The high correlation between E and DMC, as previously found for sound claw horn material was not present in horn obtained from these types of pathologically altered claws.  相似文献   

Frequency of the severe combined immunodeficiency disease gene among horses in Morocco     

M. PIRO  A. BENJOUAD  N. S. TLIGUI  K. EL ALLALI  M. EL KOHEN  A. NABICH  L. OURAGH 《Equine veterinary journal》2008,40(6):590-591

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) of horses is an autosomal, recessive hereditary disease occurring among Arabian or crossbred Arabian horses. The genetic defect responsible was previously identified as a 5‐base pair deletion in the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the DNA dependant protein kinase (DNA‐PKcs). This study was carried out to determine the frequency of SCID and identify horses carrying the gene for SCID among Arabian and Arabian crossbred stallions and mares in Morocco using a DNA‐based test. Twenty‐one horses were SCID carriers: 14 (7%) Arabians, 6 (4%) Arab‐Barbs and one (3.3%) Anglo‐Arab. After analysing their genealogy, 3 imported stallions were identified that disseminated the mutant gene of DNA‐PKcs in Morocco.  相似文献   

Steps toward sustainable ranching: An emergy evaluation of conventional and holistic management in Chiapas, Mexico   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rigoberto Alfaro-Arguello  Bruce G. Ferguson  José Nahed-Toral  René Pinto Ruíz 《Agricultural Systems》2010,103(9):639-646

Conventional ranching in Chiapas, Mexico typically includes annual pasture burns and agrochemical use that decrease the biodiversity and forest cover of ranch lands. Members of a holistic ranching “club” in the Frailesca region of Chiapas, Mexico have moved away from this conventional management by eliminating burns and agrochemicals from their systems after decades of use because they believed that the land and their production process were growing unhealthy; they were further motivated by extension courses on holistic ranching. They have also implemented sophisticated systems of rotational grazing and diversified the use of trees. For this study all seven holistic ranchers and 18 neighboring conventional ranchers were interviewed about their cattle ranches and production strategies. An emergy analysis was conducted to compare the resource use, productivity and sustainability of the conventional and holistic ranches. Holistic ranches were found to have double the emergy sustainability index (ESI) values of conventional ranches, and the emergy yield ratio was 25% higher in holistic systems. Government assistance programs were found to have a negative impact on the ESI and were variably administered among holistic ranchers during the year of emergy evaluation. Overall improved emergy sustainability did not decrease milk nor cattle productivity. Transformities and specific emergies, the emergy of one type required to make a unit of energy (transformity) or mass (specific emergy) of another type, did not differ between conventional and holistic systems. Transformities for milk production ranged between 3.4E5 and 1.2E7 solar emjoules/joule (sej/J). Specific emergy for cattle production ranged from 3.5E10 to 1.5E11 sej/g. To improve the ESI assistance programs could be re-targeted toward incentive programs for increased forest cover in ranching systems and startup costs for holistic ranching. The results from this study show that productivity can be maintained as the sustainability of rural dairy ranches is increased. These results also show that local knowledge and understanding of the surrounding ecosystem can drive positive environmental change in production systems.  相似文献   

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa          下载免费PDF全文

Bongekile NGOBESE  Oliver Tendayi ZISHIRI  Mohamed Ezzat EL ZOWALATY 《农业科学学报》2020,19(6):1656-1670

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.  相似文献   

Response of advance lodgepole pine regeneration to overstory removal in eastern Idaho     

Tanya E. Lewis Murphy  David L. Adams  Dennis E. Ferguson 《Forest Ecology and Management》1999,120(1-3):235-244

Twenty-two stands of advance lodgepole pine released with overstory removal were sampled to determine height growth response. Tree and site characteristics correlated with release response were identified, and a mathematical model was developed to predict height growth in years 6 through 10 after release as a function of residual overstory basal area, height at release, percent rock cover, five-year cumulative growth prior to release, logging damage, stand elevation, and habitat type. Lodgepole pine responded to release with increased height growth in 97% of the trees sampled. Growth was similar to that of unsuppressed trees. Height growth is best when the entire overstory is removed and logging damage is avoided. Taller trees generally do not respond as well as shorter trees. However, trees growing fast before harvest continue to grow fast regardless of their height at release. Recommendations for selecting stands of advance lodgepole pine to release are provided.  相似文献   

Effects of pocket gophers,bracken fern,and western coneflower on planted conifers in northern Idaho – an update and two more species     

Ferguson  Dennis E. 《New Forests》1999,18(3):199-217

Grand Fir Mosaic forests innorthern Idaho are difficult to regenerate afternatural or human-caused disturbances. Sparseconifer regeneration appears to be associated withhigh populations of northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) plus expansion by bracken fern(Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) and invasionof western coneflower (Rudbeckia occidentalisNutt.). This report updates an earlier study(Ferguson and Adams 1994) that quantified theeffects of four treatments on survival and growth ofplanted conifers: unweeded with gophers, weeded withgophers, unweeded without gophers, and weededwithout gophers. Weeding removed only bracken fernand western coneflower. Subalpine fir (Abieslasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.), grand fir (Abiesgrandis (Dougl.) Lindl.), and western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) had over 80% mortalityfrom pocket gophers and other causes. Lodgepolepine (Pinus contorta var. latifoliaEngelm.) had 49.2% mortality from pocket gophersand 6.8% mortality from other causes, but snowdamage is a problem for lodgepole pine. Engelmannspruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.)had 42.2% gopher-caused mortality and 8.4%mortality from other causes. Spruce suffered littletop damage from snowpacks and was stout enough towithstand senescing bracken fern fronds. Westernwhite pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) had only24.1% mortality from pocket gophers after 4 years,and only 11.8% of the white pine died from causesother than gophers. Of the mortality caused bypocket gophers, 76.8% occurred the first summer andnext two winters after planting. The recommendedspecies for reforestation are Engelmann spruce andwhite pine.  相似文献   

Molecular,biochemical and histopathological studies on the ameliorative effect of vitamin C on the renal and muscle tissues of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) affected by the usage of engine oil     

Shaymaa H. Mohamed  Ebtihal M. M. EL‐Leithy  Rehab A. Ghandour  Mona K. Galal 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(11):3357-3368

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of vitamin C on the performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) affected by the usage of engine oil. A total of 120 tilapia fish were randomly divided into four equal groups according to dietary treatments applied for 3 weeks: group I (control); group II was exposed to engine oil; group III was exposed to engine oil and supplemented with vitamin C: and group IV was fed only a diet supplemented with vitamin C. According to our results, the group exposed to engine oil (II) showed an induced elevation of kidney function parameters, an upregulation of CYP1A1 mRNA expression level, a reduction in antioxidant status (SOD, GSH) and severe abnormal histological and ultra‐structural changes in the head kidney, trunk kidney and muscle tissue. Supplementation of group III with vitamin C ameliorated the toxic effect induced by engine oil through improvement of kidney function parameters, elevation of the antioxidant status of tissue and improvement of the histological images of renal and muscle tissues. In conclusion, vitamin C has the ability to ameliorate engine oil oxidative stress toxicity in Nile tilapia.  相似文献   

The studies on the blood of dogs; haematological findings in apparently healthy dogs harbouring intestinal parasites; dogs infested with Spirocerca sanguinolenta     

EL HINDAWY MR 《The British veterinary journal》1947,103(5):159-165

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An Outbreak of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis in Upper Egypt: Clinical,Laboratory and Molecular–Epidemiological Studies     

A. ZAGHAWA  D. BEIER  I. H. A. ABD EL‐RAHIM  S. EL‐BALLAL  I. KARIM  F. J. CONRATHS  O. MARQUARDT 《Zoonoses and public health》2002,49(3):123-129

In 1989, 220 Holstein Friesian cattle (212 heifers and eight bulls) were imported from Minnesota, USA, to form a closed dairy herd in Arab El‐Aoumar, Assiut, Upper Egypt. In November 1996, some abnormal signs such as loss of weight, decreased milk yield, external lymphadenopathy and decreased appetite were observed on this farm. Serological screening by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay revealed a seroprevalence of antibodies directed against bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) of 37.7% in cattle under 2 years old and of 72.8% in animals more than 2 years old. Diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of BLV proviral DNA using polymerase chain reaction with primers amplifying a fragment of the env gene. Out of 21 tested leucocyte fractions from individual animals, 15 were positive showing a BLV‐specific amplicon of 444 base pairs. Analysis of the amplicons for restriction fragment length polymorphisms and DNA sequencing results allowed the isolates to be typed. Since this was the first recorded case of enzootic bovine leukosis in Upper Egypt, strict quarantine measures were adopted and all serologically positive animals in the herd were culled.  相似文献   

Isolation of Salmonella Pullorum from the Joints of Broiler Chickens          下载免费PDF全文

A E Ferguson  M C Connell    R B Truscott 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1961,2(4):143-145

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