Validation of spectrophotometric assays for serum paraoxonase type-1 measurement in dogs     

Tvarijonaviciute A  Tecles F  Caldin M  Tasca S  Cerón J 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(1):34-41

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Distribution of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the spinal cord of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels affected by symptomatic syringomyelia     

Hu HZ  Rusbridge C  Constantino-Casas F  Jeffery N 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):318-320

The causes of clinical signs associated with syringomyelia in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) are incompletely understood. In this study we compared expression of two pain-related neuropeptides: substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), in the spinal cord dorsal horn of normal dogs with that in CKCS with and without clinical signs of syringomyelia. There was a decrease in expression of both peptides in CKCS with 'symptomatic' syringomyelia that was also associated with significant asymmetry in SP-I and similar, though non-significant, asymmetry in CGRP-I compared with other groups. The asymmetric distribution of these pain-related peptides may be a consequence of syrinx-associated damage to grey matter but may also play a role in generation of pain.  相似文献   

An experimental assessment of landscape configuration effects on frog and toad abundance and diversity in tropical agro-savannah landscapes of southeastern Brazil     

Fernando R. Silva  Thiago A. L. Oliveira  James P. Gibbs  Denise C. Rossa-Feres 《Landscape Ecology》2012,27(1):87-96

Amphibians are an imperiled group of vertebrate animals that typically have biphasic life histories involving a shift from aquatic larval habitats to terrestrial adult habitats. Habitat loss is the greatest threat to amphibians and the importance of the spatial configuration of terrestrial and breeding habitats upon the landscape in determining amphibian persistence is poorly known. The information gap is particularly acute in tropical landscapes that simultaneously host the greatest and most imperiled amphibian fauna on Earth. We installed 125 artificial ponds at different distances from forest fragments embedded in an agricultural matrix in southeastern Brazil. Constructed ponds attracted 13 anuran species; ponds at the forest fragment-matrix transition hosted a greater abundance and higher species richness of frogs and toads than those installed either far from or well within forest fragments. Forest fragments larger than 70 ha in agricultural areas harbored more individuals than smaller fragments. Our results indicate that landscape configuration has an important influence on frog and toad distribution and abundance in tropical agricultural landscapes and we suggest guidelines for maintaining favorable configurations of aquatic and terrestrial habitats for conserving this rich and imperiled species suite.  相似文献   

Manual Rupture Versus Transvaginal Ultrasound-guided Aspiration of Allanto-amniotic Fluid in Multiple Pregnancies: A Clinical Approach to Embryo Reduction in Dairy Cattle     

Andreu-Vázquez C  Garcia-Ispierto I  López-Gatius F 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2012,58(4):420-424

To avoid the problems associated with twinning in dairy cattle, one of the embryos may be eliminated. This study compares the effect on pregnancy maintenance of two embryo reduction techniques, manual rupture (MR) and transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration (TUGA) of allanto-amniotic fluid, in Holstein-Friesian cows with multiple pregnancies. In the first experiment, 61 lactating cows bearing unilateral twins (n=27), bilateral twins (n=30) or triplets/quadruplets (n=4) were subjected to MR (n=45) or TUGA using a 17-G neddle (n=16) on day 28-34 of gestation. In 21 and 10 cows undergoing MR and TUGA embryo reduction, respectively, pregnancy loss occurred before day 90 (46.7 vs. 62.5%, P= 0.28). Through binary logistic regression, the type of pregnancy was identified as the only variable significantly affecting pregnancy maintenance (P=0.03). Based on the odds ratio, the risk of pregnancy loss was 4.1 times higher for unilateral twins than for bilateral twins (70.4 vs. 36.7%, respectively, P=0.01). No effect was detected on pregnancy maintenance of the technique used (P=0.17) or of the interaction technique by type of pregnancy (P=0.22). In the second experiment, a 22-G needle was used to perform TUGA on 22 lactating cows. The pregnancy loss rates were 44.4% (4/9), 18.2% (2/11) and 50% (1/2) for cows bearing unilateral twins, bilateral twins and triplets, respectively. The total pregnancy loss rate following TUGA using the 22-G needle tended to be lower than that using the 17-G needle (31.8 vs. 62.5%; P=0.06). Our results suggest that TUGA using a 22-G needle could be the method of choice to perform embryo reduction in cows carrying multiple pregnancies.  相似文献   

Understanding forest transition in the Philippines: main farm-level factors influencing smallholder’s capacity and intention to plant native timber trees     

Fernando Santos Martín  Manuel Bertomeu  Meine van Noordwijk  Rafael Navarro 《Small-Scale Forestry》2012,11(1):47-60

The ‘when, where and how’ of decisions by smallholder upland farmers to plant trees as part of their use of natural, human and capital resources needs to be understood if policy support is to result in actual recovery of tree cover as part of a ‘forest transition’ trajectory. In large parts of the Philippines the turning point may be close. Data on resource access and tree planting decisions were gathered from a household survey, with a total of 148 respondents in four rural communities in Leyte Province in Central Philippines. Data were analysed using logistic regression analysis. Household-level results reveal that the outcomes of the decision-making processes primarily depend on the availability of land and access to remaining forest resources rather than socio-cultural or economic factors. The total area of land and number of parcels managed by the household plus security of land tenure through ownership was found to have a statistically significant effect on farmers’ decision to plant native timber trees. Access to surrounding natural forest is negatively associated with farmer tree planting.  相似文献   

Luteal vascular perfusion and plasma progesterone concentration are not affected by the vascularity of preovulatory follicle     

Rafael Mide RomanoJair Camargo Ferreira  Heloísa de Siqueira CanesinFernanda Saules Ignácio  Luiz Fernando Novaes FilhoCezinande de Meira 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

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Commercial Breeding with Sexed Stallion Semen: Reality or Fiction?     

Juan C. Samper  Lee Morris  Fernando J. Peña  Tracy A. Plough 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

Sorting stallion spermatozoa for the purpose of separating X- and Y-bearing spermatozoal populations has had significant advances in the past 10 years. However, current technology requires that the mare be close to the laboratory processing the semen. The development of procedures to cool and freeze sex-sorted sperm will be critical if this technology is to be embraced by the equine industry worldwide.  相似文献   

The effect of using an impedance threshold device on hemodynamic parameters during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs     

Gareth J. Buckley MA  VetMB  MRCVS  DACVECC  Andre Shih DVM  DACVA  Fernando L. Garcia‐Pereira DVM  DACVA  Carsten Bandt DVM  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2012,22(4):435-440

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Biological characteristics and pathogenicity of avian Escherichia coli strains.     

Wanderley Dias da Silveira  Alessandra Ferreira  Marcelo Brocchi  Luciana Maria de Hollanda  Antonio Fernando Pestana de Castro  Aureo Tatsumi Yamada  Marcelo Lancellotti 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,85(1):47-53

Fifty avian (chicken) pathogenic Escherichia coli strains (APEC) isolated from individuals suffering from omphalitis, septicaemia and swollen head syndrome, and 30 strains isolated from healthy chickens were studied regarding their biological characteristics such as serogroups, haemolysin, colicin, cytotoxin, toxin and siderophore production, adhesion capacity to in vitro cultivated cells, and absorption of Congo red dye. Serotyping demonstrated that most of the omphalitis and normal strains were untypable, whereas most of the septicaemic strains were either untypable or rough. There was no prevalent serogroup among the pathogenic strains studied. The capacity for adhesion and invasion of in vitro cultured cells (HeLa, HEp-2, KPCC), as well as the agglutination of different types of red blood cells and the LD50 of each strain were also evaluated. No correlation was observed between the biological characteristics and pathogenicity, except that colicin was characteristically produced by swollen head syndrome E. coli strains. No correlation was found between adhesion or haemagglutination patterns and pathogenicity. Only six of the 50 strains revealed invasive capacity and the strain that best invaded the cell lines was the one with the lowest LD50.  相似文献   

Assessing foraging strategies of herbivores in Mediterranean oak woodlands: a review of key issues and selected methodologies     

Maria Isabel Ferraz de Oliveira  Elsa Lamy  Miguel N. Bugalho  Margarida Vaz  Cristina Pinheiro  Manuel Cancela d’Abreu  Fernando Capela e Silva  Elvira Sales-Baptista 《Agroforestry Systems》2013,87(6):1421-1437

Montados are agro-silvo-pastoral ecosystems, typical of the Southwest Iberian Peninsula, of high socio-economic and conservation importance, where grazing is a dominant activity. Montados are characterized by an open tree canopy of Quercus sp. and a diverse undercover of shrubs and grasslands that constitute the plant food resources for grazing animals. Plant food resources of Montados are highly variable, both spatially and seasonally, in quantity and quality. Reliable and easy to use methods to monitor grazing are necessary to allow proper understanding of foraging strategies of grazing animals and to set sustainable grazing management. We describe the main characteristics of the plant food resources available for grazing animals, striking its variability, and revise the potential of using N-alkanes and saliva proteome methods to assess foraging strategies in Montados. In a scenario of dynamic multiple choices, we discuss the use of n-alkane methodology for the simultaneous estimation of diet composition and voluntary intake and saliva proteome as a mean of increasing the knowledge on diet adjustments.  相似文献