Selection of Adequate Species for Degraded Areas by Oil‐Exploitation Industry as a Key Factor for Recovery Forest in the Ecuadorian Amazon     

Jaime Villacís  Cristina Armas  Susana Hang  Fernando Casanoves 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(7):1771-1780

One of the requirements for the forest restoration of soils disturbed by the oil‐exploitation industry is that saplings be able to endure soil‐adverse conditions. In this study, saplings of 20 species susceptible to be used in reforestation programs were evaluated for their ability to grow on substrates derived from soils disturbed by petroleum extractions in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Seeds of each species were planted in germination trays. Once seedlings reached 5 cm in height they were transplanted to plastic bags with three treatment substrates: two derived from petroleum‐exploitation activity (soils from mud and drill cutting cells and from areas surrounding oil wells) and a control soil. Plant survival rate, stem height, and diameter were measured on a weekly basis until 14 weeks after transplantation, when we harvested the plants and also measured plant biomass and calculated the Dickson quality index for each species. Oil‐exploitation by‐product substrates impaired the performance of many saplings, with the substrate from mud and drill cutting cells being the one that most affected plant performance. Only saplings of five native species in the Amazon basin—Apeiba membranaceae, Cedrelinga cateniformis, Inga densiflora, Myroxylon balsamum, and Pouroma cecropiifolia—exhibited high or similar Dickson quality index values in all soil treatments and performed better than the rest. The use of these five species in remediation of soils disturbed by petroleum extraction in the Amazon basin could prove important because of their high potential to adapt to these disturbed sites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Utilization of genetic resources for the introduction and adaptation of exotic vegetable crops: The case of pepino (Solanum muricatum)     

Jaime Prohens  Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo  Fernando Nuez 《Euphytica》2005,146(1-2):133-142

Summary Pepino (Solanum muricatum), a vegetatively propagated plant from the Andean region used for its edible fruits, has been identified as a potential crop for greenhouse cultivation in Mediterranean regions. However, attempts for introducing it have been unsuccessful, either because of the low yield, poor fruit quality, or both. Screening of germplasm under Mediterranean conditions showed that sources of variation for high yield existed in the cultivated genepool and that wild species S. caripense and S. tabanoense could contribute to a considerable improvement of soluble solids content (SSC) of pepino. Progenies obtained after crossing genetically distant (AFLP-based) parental clones were heterotic for yield, and allowed the selection of clones with an improved combination of yield and SSC. As a result of this intraspecific programme, two new improved cultivars (‘Turia’ and ‘Valencia’), which outperform the rest of cultivars available, have been selected for cultivation in Mediterranean conditions. The interspecific programme involved the selection of clones with high yield and SSC in backcross generations. The results show that introgression of genes from the wild species can contribute to improve the SSC of pepino. The backcross programme is in an advanced stage and new cultivars derived from the interspecific crosses are expected to be released in a near future. New prospects for the future in pepino breeding include the genetic transformation, the establishment of a genetic map, and the use of the genomic information from related Solanaceae important crops. All the information obtained is illustrative for the breeding for adaptation of vegetatively propagated crops.  相似文献   

Implications of the number of years assessment on recommendation of common bean cultivars          下载免费PDF全文

Ricardo Augusto Diniz Cabral Ferreira  Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho  Fernando Henrique Ribeiro Barrozo Toledo  Angela de Fátima Barbosa Abreu 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(5):599-604

In the common bean crop in Brazil, the requirement of the value for cultivation and use trials is that these experiments must be conducted over two years in three locations per region. Information in regard to the necessary number of years to ensure precision in cultivar recommendation and the influence of evaluated years in the estimation of the GE interaction are still scarce. Using grain yield of five check varieties assessed over 11 years in three sowing seasons per year, the aims of this study are as follows: to measure the relative contribution of the GE interaction, evaluating the implication of the number of years in the estimates of the GE interaction, and infer how many years are needed to ensure precision in cultivar recommendation. For instances, analysis of variance was carried out involving all environments and also combinations of years. The results showed that the GE interaction was greater than all other cross‐effects involving lines. The use of at least two years allows good coincidence in cultivar recommendation compared to the whole period. Increasing the evaluation time is a good strategy, especially when it is difficult to grow three different sowing seasons.  相似文献   

Sclerotinia resistance in sunflower: I. Genotypic variations of hybrids in three environments of Argentina     

Marcela Godoy  Fernando Castaño  José Ré  Raúl Rodríguez 《Euphytica》2005,145(1-2):147-154

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infections on sunflower capitula produce white rot, one of the most dangerous diseases sunflower bears in all humid areas. Therefore, disease quantification on developed genetic materials is a very important action in sunflower breeding. Given the horizontal type of resistance these evaluations should be made in different environments. Several hybrids obtained after crossing seven female × seven male sunflower inbred lines in a factorial mating design were evaluated for resistance to white rot in two locations in the southeast of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Disease incidence and the symptom appearance index indicated significant genotypic effects and genotype × environment (G × E) interactions. Genotypic effects were a greater source of variance than the G × E interaction effects. The G × E interactions only represented changes in magnitude. These results were used to identify the best genotypes for both resistance factors. Four hybrids showed low disease incidence values under both artificial and natural infections, of which only two had high values of the symptom appearance index at both locations. These hybrids are considered to have adequate resistance attributes for the ascosporic penetration and the mycelium extension in the capitulum tissue and could therefore be sown in the province of Buenos Aires without increasing risks of S. sclerotiorum attacks.  相似文献   

Genetic variability among elite red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) parents used in Chile as revealed by RAPD markers     

Hugo Campos-de Quiroz  Fernando Ortega-Klose 《Euphytica》2001,122(1):61-67

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the main forage species of temperate regions. Cultivars of red clover are heterogeneous which makes their genetic analysis difficult. We applied RAPDs (Random Amplifed Polymorphic DNA) in order to assess the genetic relationship and levels of genetic variability existing among a group of 16 elite red clover parents organised in four subsets of 4 parents each. Out of 55 primers 21 provided reproducible results. A total of 135 reliable and polymorphic RAPD bands were detected which were used to estimate genetic distances among pair-wise combinations of elite parents. Nei and Li's similarity values ranged from 0.60 to 0.77, with a mean of 0.66, which reflects a rather high genetic variability among the genotypes evaluated. Lower levels of genetic variability, as detected by polymorphic loci and mean heterogeneity values, were detected in a subset of parents selected for resistance to the stem nematode. Cluster analyses resolved the different sets of parents in a manner consistent with what is known from their breeding origins. An Analysis of Molecular Variance detected substantial levels of variation within subsets of parents. RAPDs represent a valuable source of genetic information for red clover breeding programmes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Diversity in White Lupin (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lupinus albus</Emphasis> L.) Landraces from Northwest Iberianplateau     

Fernando González-Andrés  Pedro A. Casquero  Cristina San-Pedro  Elías Hernández-Sánchez 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(1):27-44

All the accessions (35) of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) landraces collected from northwest Iberian plateau and maintained at the Spanish germplasm collection (CRF of INIA), were studied with the general objective of assessing the biodiversity of these landraces and to ascertain their value as genetic resources for the development of germplasm adapted to the areas where they were collected with long and chilly winters. The characterization study comprised 51 qualitative and 50 quantitative characters. Quantitative parameters were analyzed by Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The 2-dimensional plot (49.3% of cumulative variability) formed a main group of accessions and 4 outliers (#1, #9, #27 and #28) separated in the first PC. The characters with a higher contribution to the first PC were inflorescence length, leaf petiole length and leaf central foliole area. The presence of alkaloids, the percentage of plants killed by soil borne fungal diseases, the phenology, the yield per plant and yield components were also assessed. Twenty six accessions (the main group in the PCA plot) showed high homogeneity, with the following highlights: bitterness, indeterminate growth habit, early ripeness and spring sowing with the exception of #18, in which seeding date is unknown and it had a later phenology. By contrast accessions #9 and #27 were bitter of autumn sowing with determinate growing habit and they had the longest values of primary inflorescence length and a later phenology when they were sown in spring. Average values for yield and yield components showed a broad range of variation between accessions. The main yield component was the number of pods per plant. Accession #22 had the highest mean seed mass, although this had not significant influence in yield. Accession #17 showed the highest yield and #1 the lowest. This last also had the lowest values of inflorescence length, leaf petiole length and leaf central foliole area. No significant differences of resistance to soil-borne fungi were found between accessions. The year had a significant effect in the phenology, yield and yield components except for number of seeds per pod. The studied material might be of interest for the development of spring sowing germplasm adapted to north Iberian peninsula.  相似文献   

Study of nickel sorption onto biological sludges. possibilities for heavy metals removal treatments     

Jose Ignacio Lombrarna  Fernando Varona  Federico Mijangos 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,82(3-4):645-658

Nickel adsorption onto a sludge wasting from a biological aeration tank is described in this work. This procedure is planned as an alternative method for metal removal from industrial effluents containing heavy metals in low concentrations. Experimental results of equilibrium adsorption and laboratory equipment operation are reported. Equilibrium data of nickel adsorption were fitted to the Freundlich equation. On the basis of this equation, the effect of several parameters such us metal concentration, sludge concentration and metal dosing rate were tested. Nickel removal efficiency is about 80% in the most favourable cases. Aeration during metal-sludge contact was also tested but little enhancing in metal uptake was observed. This analysis can be used to define the best operation conditions in practical cases either for metal or organic matter removal.  相似文献   

Combining empirical models and the process-based model 3-PG to predict Eucalyptus nitens plantations growth in Spain     

César Pérez-CruzadoFernando Muñoz-Sáez  Fernando BasurcoGuillermo Riesco  Roque Rodríguez-Soalleiro 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(6):1067-1077

Empirical, statistically based models were used to describe the growth and development of Eucalyptus nitens plantations for a range of site productivities and the standard biomass and pulp silvicultural regime currently applied in Northern Spain. The results obtained, along with data gathered from a network of 68 plots, 48 trees felled for biomass estimations and 73 trees sampled for foliar area estimation were used to parameterize the 3-PG model for this species in Northern Spain. Most parameters associated with allometric relationships and partitioning (i.e. bark and branch fraction, basic density, age modifier and mortality) were derived from local data, and the remaining parameters were obtained from published studies on E. nitens or default values previously used for E. globulus. The parameterized model was validated with data from three trials measured from age 3 years until age 8-14 years, and performed better than the empirical model in terms of total stand under bark volume, mean diameter at breast height, basal area and foliar biomass. The process-based model was then used to forecast changes in plantations subjected to a clearwood regime, initializing the model at age 3 years, considering 3 prunings, 2 thinnings and lengthening the rotation to 18 years. This integrated regime was able to provide biomass for bioenergy, pulp or fibreboard wood and also solid wood, with thinning operations assisting the financial viability, and was a potentially good alternative for productive sites.  相似文献   

Boreal trees in the Mediterranean: recruitment of downy birch (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Betula alba</Emphasis>) at its southern range limit     

Rubén Sanz  Fernando Pulido  J. Julio Camarero 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(4):793-802

Objective  

Knowledge of mechanisms determining plant persistence in range edges is essential because peripheral populations face increasing risk and they often maintain unique genotypes.  相似文献   

Ageing effects on nitrogen dynamics and enzyme activities in casts of Aporrectodea caliginosa (Lumbricidae)     

Manuel Aira  Fernando Monroy  Jorge Domínguez 《Pedobiologia》2005,49(5):467-473

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