Comparison of the complement-fixation and agar gel immunodiffusion tests for diagnosis of subclinical bovine paratuberculosis   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

D M Sherman  J M Gay  D S Bouley  G H Nelson 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(3):461-465

The performance of the serum complement fixation (CF) test was compared with that of a serum agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test on 74 subclinically infected and 154 uninfected cattle in 6 commercial midwestern dairy herds with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection and on 30 cattle in a herd that was free of infection. Infection status of cattle within herds was established by performance of a series of 3 or more fecal cultures and of ileocecal lymph node cultures of culled cattle. In cattle with subclinical infection detected by culturing, the sensitivity estimates of the CF and AGID tests were 10.8% (3.6% SE) and 18.9% (4.5% SE), respectively. In the cattle classified as disease free, the specificity estimates of the CF and AGID tests were 97.4% (1.3% SE) and 99.4% (0.6% SE), respectively. Neither set of estimates was significantly different. Negative test results obtained with the use of either test in apparently normal cattle from suspect herds should be interpreted with caution because both tests suffer from low sensitivities in subclinically infected animals. However, the AGID test may be more useful in regulatory situations in which the CF test is currently used because the AGID test is easier to perform and to interpret.  相似文献   

Alkanes as internal markers to estimate digestibility of hay or hay plus concentrate diets in horses.   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

A L Ordakowski  D S Kronfeld  J L Holland  B J Hargreaves  L S Gay  P A Harris  H Dove  D Sklan 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(6):1516-1522

Dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), and fecal output (FO) are difficult to measure directly in the field, and indirect methods using external and internal markers have thus been developed. An experiment was conducted consisting of two digestion trials with two periods in each trial to examine the use of five odd-chain alkanes (C25 to C33) of plant cuticular wax as internal markers to estimate DMD of hay or hay plus concentrate diets in horses. Eight mature Thoroughbred geldings were housed in 4- x 4-m stalls and randomly assigned to one of two mixed grass/legume hays (Diets 1 and 2) in Trial 1 and to mixed grass/legume hay plus one of two concentrates (Diets 3 and 4) in Trial 2. After the first 12-d period was conducted, dietary assignments for each group were switched for the second period in each trial. Each period consisted of a dietary accommodation from d 1 to 7 and total fecal collection from d 8 to 11. Results indicated that fecal recoveries of odd-chain alkanes were 88 to 90% for Diet 1, 75 to 92% for Diet 2, 71 to 81% for Diet 3, and 71 to 82% for Diet 4. Alkane recoveries were not related to alkane chain lengths. Digestibilities calculated from alkane concentration data adjusted using the mean fecal recovery of individual odd-chain alkanes (DA1) were not significantly different from the digestibilities estimated from total collection (DTC) for Diets 1 and 2 in Trial 1 and Diets 3 and 4 in Trial 2. When adjustment was based on the mean recovery of all alkanes (DA2; estimated by linear regression), all DA2 estimates for horses offered all diets were similar to DTC. Results indicate that accurate mean estimates of DMD can be obtained by using plant wax alkane markers and adjusting for the mean recovery of five odd-chain alkanes in a diet.  相似文献   

The economic impact of clinical transmissible gastroenteritis for swine producers participating in the Missouri mail-in-record program     

Gay Y. Miller  James B. Kliebenstein 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1985,3(5):475-488

Economic loss from transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) was estimated at $0.18 per hog marketed for the average Missouri Mail-in-Record swine panel producer in 1978. This cost was $0.19 per hog marketed in 1979. These estimates were averaged for all producers in the record system, those with TGE in their herds as well as TGE-free herds. Estimates were also prepared for those herds with TGE outbreaks. In 1978, the average loss due to TGE for producers who had the disease on their farms was estimated at $1.74 per hog marketed, or 18% of the average return earned above total production costs. In 1979, this cost was $1.25 per hog marketed, or 13% of the average return earned above total production costs.  相似文献   

Orographic enhancement of wet deposition in the United Kingdom: Continuous monitoring     

D. Fowler  I. D. Leith  J. Binnie  A. Crossley  D. W. F. Inglis  T. W. Choularton  M. Gay  J. W. S. Longhurst  D. E. Conland 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(4):2107-2112

Continuous monitoring of cloud and rain samples at three mountain sites in the UK has allowed consideration of the long term impact of the enhancement of the wet deposition of pollutants by orographie effects, specifically the scavenging of cap cloud droplets by rain falling from above (the seeder-feeder effects). The concentration of the major pollutant ions in the cloud water is related to the relative proximity of each site to marine and anthropogenic sources of aerosol. In general, the concentrations of major ions in precipitation at summit sites exceed those in precipitation to low ground nearby by 20% to 50%. Concentrations in orographie cloud exceed those in upwind rain by between a factor of five and ten. The results are consistent with seeder-feeder scavenging of hill cloud by falling precipitation in which the average concentration of ions in scavenged hill cloud exceed those in precipitation upwind by a factor of 1.7 to 2.3 for sulphate and nitrate respectively at Dunslair Heights and 1.5 to 1.8 for sulphate and nitrate at Holme Moss. The results suggest that the parameterisation of this relationship with scavenged feeder cloud water concentrations assumed to exceed those in seeder rain by a factor of two for the production of predictive maps of wet deposition in mountainous regions of the U.K. is satisfactory.  相似文献   

Development and characterization of 296 new polymorphic microsatellite markers for rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)     

V. Le Guen  C. Gay  T. C. Xiong  L. M. Souza  M. Rodier‐Goud  M. Seguin 《Plant Breeding》2011,130(2):294-296

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EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON EVERSPORTING EYE COLOR IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER     

Gowen JW  Gay EH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1933,77(1995):312

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CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE IN THE SALIVARY GLANDS OF SCIARA     

Metz CW  Gay EH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1934,80(2086):595-596

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A POSSIBLE METHOD OF ENHANCING THE THERAPEUTIC ACTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL SERUMS     

Gay FP  Clark AR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1929,69(1797):604-605

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THE MEDICAL SCIENCES     

Gay FP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1926,64(1665):511-513

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Impact of genetic manipulation on the fitness of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes     

Catteruccia F  Godfray HC  Crisanti A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5610):1225-1227

Genetic modification of mosquitoes offers exciting possibilities for controlling malaria, but success will depend on how transformation affects the fitness of modified insects. The expression of an exogenous gene, the mutations caused by its insertion, and inbreeding while transformed lines are established can all lead to reductions in fitness. Factors influencing fitness were investigated in cage experiments with four lines of transgenic Anopheles stephensi, a vector species of human malaria. The results indicate direct costs of the introduced transgene in at least three out of the four lines, as well as an apparent cost of the inbreeding involved in making transgenic homozygotes.  相似文献