Granulomatous lesions in lymph nodes of slaughter pigs bacteriologically negative for Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and positive for Rhodococcus equi     

Komijn RE  Wisselink HJ  Rijsman VM  Stockhofe-Zurwieden N  Bakker D  van Zijderveld FG  Eger T  Wagenaar JA  Putirulan FF  Urlings BA 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,120(3-4):352-357

The prevalence of granulomatous lesions in lymph nodes of pigs was studied. From January till August 2004 in two slaughterhouses in The Netherlands 2,116,536 pigs were examined for the presence of granulomatous lesions in the sub-maxillary lymph nodes. In 15,900 (0.75%) of these pigs, lesions could be detected. Nine farms with the highest incidence of lesions were selected for a more detailed pathological and bacteriological examination. On these farms, the prevalence of lesions in sub-maxillary lymph nodes ranged from 2.3 to 5.7% with a mean of 3.0%. From 1276 pigs that were sampled, 98 (7.7%) displayed granulomatous lesions in the sub-maxillary lymph nodes and one (0.1%) pig showed lesions in its mesenteric lymph node. Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (MAA) could not be isolated from the lymph nodes of the 99 pigs with lesions and from a selection of lymph nodes (n = 61) of pigs without lesions. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from 44 out of 98 (44.9%) of the sub-maxillary lymph nodes with granulomatous lesions and from two mesenteric lymph nodes without lesions. A comparison of former studies and the current results indicate that the prevalence of MAA infections in slaughter pigs has strongly decreased over the last decade, whereas R. equi is highly prevalent. The high incidence of granulomatous lesions associated with the bacteriological presence of R. equi could be considered as a serious cause of misdiagnosis of MAA infections in cases where meat inspection is carried out by inspection for granulomatous changes of lymph nodes only.  相似文献   

Neuroscience. Imaging astrocyte activity     

Wolf F  Kirchhoff F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5883):1597-1599

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Transcription elongation factors repress transcription initiation from cryptic sites     

Kaplan CD  Laprade L  Winston F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5636):1096-1099

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Allosteric activators of glucokinase: potential role in diabetes therapy     

Grimsby J  Sarabu R  Corbett WL  Haynes NE  Bizzarro FT  Coffey JW  Guertin KR  Hilliard DW  Kester RF  Mahaney PE  Marcus L  Qi L  Spence CL  Tengi J  Magnuson MA  Chu CA  Dvorozniak MT  Matschinsky FM  Grippo JF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5631):370-373

Glucokinase (GK) plays a key role in whole-body glucose homeostasis by catalyzing the phosphorylation of glucose in cells that express this enzyme, such as pancreatic beta cells and hepatocytes. We describe a class of antidiabetic agents that act as nonessential, mixed-type GK activators (GKAs) that increase the glucose affinity and maximum velocity (Vmax) of GK. GKAs augment both hepatic glucose metabolism and glucose-induced insulin secretion from isolated rodent pancreatic islets, consistent with the expression and function of GK in both cell types. In several rodent models of type 2 diabetes mellitus, GKAs lowered blood glucose levels, improved the results of glucose tolerance tests, and increased hepatic glucose uptake. These findings may lead to the development of new drug therapies for diabetes.  相似文献   

Obesity and metabolic syndrome in circadian Clock mutant mice   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Turek FW  Joshu C  Kohsaka A  Lin E  Ivanova G  McDearmon E  Laposky A  Losee-Olson S  Easton A  Jensen DR  Eckel RH  Takahashi JS  Bass J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5724):1043-1045

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Outward transport of high-temperature materials around the midplane of the solar nebula     

Ciesla FJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5850):613-615

The Stardust samples collected from Comet 81P/Wild 2 indicate that large-scale mixing occurred in the solar nebula, carrying materials from the hot inner regions to cooler environments far from the Sun. Similar transport has been inferred from telescopic observations of protoplanetary disks around young stars. Models for protoplanetary disks, however, have difficulty explaining the observed levels of transport. Here I report the results of a new two-dimensional model that shows that outward transport of high-temperature materials in protoplanetary disks is a natural outcome of disk formation and evolution. This outward transport occurs around the midplane of the disk.  相似文献   

Thermal fumigation provides a simple and effective solution for sanitizing cargo from invasive snakes     

Fred Kraus  Randal Stahl  William Pitt 《Journal of pest science》2015,88(2):331-341

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Identification of fruity/fermented odorants in high-temperature-cured roasted peanuts     

Didzbalis J  Ritter KA  Trail AC  Plog FJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(15):4828-4833

Gas chromatography/olfactometry on a concentrate of volatiles obtained by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) from roasted peanuts containing a fruity/fermented off-note was used to identify the odorants responsible for the flavor defect. Freshly dug peanuts were divided into two classes, mature and immature, using pod mesocarp color, and subjected to normal (27 degrees C) and high (40 degrees C) temperature curing. Sensory evaluation of the roasted peanuts found that immature peanuts cured at high temperature contained the fruity/fermented off-note. Mature peanuts cured at high temperature and both immature and mature peanuts cured at low temperature were free of the off-note. Peanuts with the off-flavor were found to contain fruit-like esters (ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, and ethyl 3-methylbutanoate) along with increased levels of short chain organic acids (butanoic, 3-methylbutanoic, and hexanoic). These findings were confirmed by sensory evaluation of models, where the addition of these compounds produced the fruity/fermented flavor defect in a control peanut paste. This is the first time that the odorants responsible for this off-note in roasted peanuts have been identified.  相似文献   

Profiling glucosinolates and phenolics in vegetative and reproductive tissues of the multi-purpose trees Moringa oleifera L. (horseradish tree) and Moringa stenopetala L     

Bennett RN  Mellon FA  Foidl N  Pratt JH  Dupont MS  Perkins L  Kroon PA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(12):3546-3553

Moringa species are important multi-purpose tropical crops, as human foods and for medicine and oil production. There has been no previous comprehensive analysis of the secondary metabolites in Moringa species. Tissues of M. oleifera from a wide variety of sources and M. stenopetala from a single source were analyzed for glucosinolates and phenolics (flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and cinnamates). M. oleifera and M. stenopetala seeds only contained 4-(alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-benzylglucosinolate at high concentrations. Roots of M. oleifera and M. stenopetala had high concentrations of both 4-(alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-benzylglucosinolate and benzyl glucosinolate. Leaves from both species contained 4-(alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-benzylglucosinolate and three monoacetyl isomers of this glucosinolate. Only 4-(alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-benzylglucosinolate was detected in M. oleifera bark tissue. M. oleifera leaves contained quercetin-3-O-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-(6' '-malonyl-glucoside), and lower amounts of kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and kaempferol-3-O-(6' '-malonyl-glucoside). M. oleifera leaves also contained 3-caffeoylquinic acid and 5-caffeoylquinic acid. Leaves of M. stenopetala contained quercetin 3-O-rhamnoglucoside (rutin) and 5-caffeoylquinic acid. Neither proanthocyanidins nor anthocyanins were detected in any of the tissues of either species.  相似文献   

Evidence for partial degradation of toxaphene in the aquatic environment     

G. Fred Lee  Robert A. Hughes  G. D. Veith 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1977,8(4):479-484

Bioassay of toxaphene residue from lake sediments with bluegills showed that its toxicity was reduced compared to the toxicity of the original formulation added to the lake for rough fish control approximately 10 months before. It is concluded from these observations that commercial toxaphene formulation is somewhat detoxified in the aquatic environment.  相似文献