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21.
Bone morphogenetic protein‐4 (BMP‐4) and BMP‐7, theca cell‐derived growth factors, directly affect the granulosa cell function. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of BMP‐4 or BMP‐7 in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in bovine granulosa cells. Granulosa cells were collected from small follicles (4–6 mm) and seeded at a density of 2–5 × 105 cells per well in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/F12 medium with BMP‐4 or BMP‐7. The expression of VEGF messenger RNA and protein was the maximum when 1.0 ng/mL of BMP‐4 was added to the culture medium. On the other hand, 10 ng/mL of BMP‐7 significantly increased the expression of the VEGF gene and protein. In addition, BMP‐4 stimulated the expression of Smad1 and Smad5 genes in granulosa cells, whereas BMP‐7 stimulated the expression of Smad5 gene. These results suggested that BMP‐4 and BMP‐7 may be associated with VEGF expression via several specific Smads in bovine granulosa cells: BMP‐4 via Smad1/Smad5 and BMP‐7 via Smad5. In conclusion, theca cell‐derived BMP‐4 and BMP‐7 might contribute to follicular vasculature and development by inducing VEGF expression in granulosa cells.  相似文献   
22.
Genetic parameters for 54 carcass and chemical traits, such as general composition (moisture, crude fat and crude protein), fatty acid composition and water‐soluble compounds (free amino acids, peptides, nucleotides and sugars) of 587 commercial Japanese Black cattle were assessed. Heritability estimates for carcass traits and general composition ranged between 0.19–0.28, whereas those for fatty acid composition ranged between 0.11–0.85. Most heritability estimates for water‐soluble compounds were lower than 0.30; these traits were affected by aging period. Moderate heritability was observed for glutamine, alanine, taurine, anserine, inosine 5′‐monophosphate (IMP), inosine and myo‐inositol. In particular, heritability estimates were the highest (0.66) for taurine. Traits with moderate heritability were unaffected by aging period, with the exception of IMP, which was affected by aging period but exhibited moderate heritability (0.47). Although phenotypic correlations of water‐soluble compounds with carcass weight (CW), beef marbling standard (BMS) and monounsaturated fatty acid were generally low, genetic correlations between these traits were low to high. At the genetic level, most of the water‐soluble compounds were positively correlated with monounsaturated fatty acid but negatively correlated with CW and BMS. Thus, our results indicate that genetic variance and correlations could exist and be captured for some of the water‐soluble compounds.  相似文献   
23.
A 5-day-old male crossbred beef calf presented with a well-coordinated bilateral hopping gait of the hind limbs. Postmortem CT showed a poorly defined oval-shaped region at the L3–L4 spinal segments, which had high signal intensity on T2 weighted postmortem MRI images. On pathological examination, we identified a large cystic cavity filled with a large amount of cerebrospinal fluid on the cut surface of the spinal region. Histopathological examination revealed that the spinal cord parenchyma was compressed by the cystic structure, and the cystic cavity was lined with a thin layer of discrete ependymal cells, indicating syringohydromyelia. This is the first reported case of a Holstein-Friesian × Japanese Black crossbred calf with solitary syringohydromyelia. Our findings suggest that myelodysplasia with cystic cavities can be suspected by CT, without the need for MRI.  相似文献   
24.
Polygonum thunbergii was selected among wild plants as a cadmium (Cd)-tolerant plant because of the high accumulation of Cd in the stems. However, the concentration of Cd in the leaves was low, which suggested the existence of an inhibitory mechanism of Cd translocation from stems to leaves. Observation of Cd distribution in stem-petiole-lamina in P. thunbergii plants that had absorbed Cd, using SEM-EPMA, revealed that Cd accumulation occurred mainly in the nodes, junctions of petioles, and vessels in stems, with minimal translocation in petioles. A detection method for tissue distribution of Cd was developed. Resin-fixed tissue tips were stained with a fluorescent probe BTC-5N and then sites of Cd location were detected with a fluorescence microscope. It was found that Cd in the stem tissues of P. thunbergii was distributed at specific sites of the cell walls of vessels and surrounding cells. The results were consistent with the findings of the investigation of Cd distribution in stem cells obtained by the cell fractionation method, which showed that most of Cd was present in the cell wall and cytoplasm. These results suggest that P. thunbergii accumulates Cd in specific cell walls of the stems and inhibits Cd-translocation to the leaves.  相似文献   
25.
The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the placental retention time (PRT) and the reproductive performance following mating at the foal heat in Thoroughbreds. For this purpose, we interviewed 292 farmers over a period of 3 years with questionnaires evaluating foaling, expulsion of placenta and reproductive performance at the foal heat in 1,432 mares. The obtained data were later compared with a previous study of heavy draft mares. The average of the PRT of the 1,432 Thoroughbred mares was 58 ± 88 min (mean ± SD). The mean PRT of Thoroughbreds was significantly shorter than that of the148 min of heavy draft mares. The incidences of retained placenta (RP) occurring in the Thoroughbred mares were 5.2 and 4.0%, for over 3 and 4 hr after foaling, respectively. The incidence of RP over 4 hr was significantly lower than that of 25% in heavy draft mares. The pregnancy rate at foal heat of the mares in which PRT was less than 3 hr was 37%, and it significantly decreased to 11% for those with PRT of more than 3 hr. In the comparison of the reproductive performance between Thoroughbred and heavy draft mares, the pregnancy rate of Thoroughbreds dropped drastically to 10% when PRT exceeded 40, and in consequence, the pregnancy rate of Thoroughbreds was significantly lower than the 30% of heavy draft mares, which had a PRT of over 4 hr. In conclusion, the Thoroughbred mares had a low incidence of RP, however, a PRT exceeding 3 hr severely affected the reproductive performance at the foal heat.  相似文献   
26.
The prevalence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 was examined in bovine faeces. EHEC O157 was isolated from the faeces of 42 (13.0%) of 324 cattle. Of the 4 farms and the facilities tested, the 3 farms and the facilities were found positive for EHEC O157. The highest isolation rate among the farms was 33.7%. The prevalence of EHEC O157 in heifers was higher than that in calves and other cattle. No cattle positive for EHEC O157 showed any clinical signs except 2 calves with diarrhea in a veterinary hospital. Almost all isolates possessed the stx gene, and Stx-positive strains carrying both stx(1) and stx(2) genes were predominant. These results indicate that EHEC O157 are distributed in bovine faeces, and that dairy and beef farms in selected regions of Japan are heavily contaminated with the organisms.  相似文献   
27.
The effect of heat treatment was examined against oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium muris and chicken Cryptosporidium sp. isolated in Japan. The oocysts of these species were exposed at 50, 55, 60 and 70 degrees C for 5, 15, 30 and 60 sec in water bath, respectively. To determine the infectivity of heated oocysts, the nice and chickens were inoculated with the treated oocysts and the oocyst output in the feces after inoculation was examined. In C. parvum and chicken Cryptosporidium sp., the oocysts were not detected from mice or chickens which were received oocysts heated at 55 degrees C for 30 sec, 60 degrees C for 15 sec and 70 degrees C for 5 sec. In C. muris, the oocysts were not detected from mice which were received oocysts heated at 55 degrees C for 15 sec, 60 degrees C for 15 sec and 70 degrees C for 5 sec. Consequently, it was clarified that the infectivity of Cryptosporidium oocysts to mice and chickens was lost by heating at 55 degrees C for 30 sec, 60 degrees C for 15 sec and 70 degrees C for 5 sec.  相似文献   
28.
This study examined the relationship between postpartum metritis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration in peripartum dairy cows. Blood was collected twice weekly from 2 weeks prepartum through 6 weeks postpartum. Whole blood chemiluminescence (WBCL) was measured using the luminol‐enhanced zymosan‐stimulated chemiluminescence assay. Cows were examined for uterine health disorders and classified into two groups, healthy (n = 11) and metritis (n = 5). Metritis had a significant effect on WBCL, with cows with metritis having a higher WBCL. Plasma LPS concentrations in cows with metritis were significantly higher than in healthy cows. To examine the effect of LPS on WBCL, blood was sampled in healthy peripartum cows (1 to 2 weeks prepartum, n = 8; 0 to 3 weeks postpartum, n = 11; and 4 to 8 weeks postpartum, n = 8) and incubated with LPS. At 1 endotoxin units/mL of LPS, similar to the plasma LPS concentration in cows with metritis, the WBCL increased in cows at 0 to 3 weeks postpartum. Results indicate that the increase in ROS generation and plasma LPS concentration are associated with metritis, and LPS may be responsible for enhanced ROS generation in early postpartum dairy cows.  相似文献   
29.
We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled study of elderly individuals in a nursing home to investigate the effect of the consumption of jelly containing sea cucumber on their oral Candida load. The jelly contained a hydrolysate of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus, which contained triterpene glycosides called holotoxins. The holotoxins worked as a fungicide, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations for Candida albicans were 7 µg/mL. Eight individuals in the nursing home took the sea cucumber jelly for a week and their oral Candida were counted before and after the intervention. Nine individuals took a control jelly without S. japonicus. The sea cucumber jelly showed inhibitory effects on the oral Candida. Thus, daily consumption of the S. japonicus jelly has the potential to reduce the oral Candida load in the elderly in nursing homes.  相似文献   
30.
To determine the effects of puerperal metritis on the immune response, changes in the differential peripheral blood leukocyte counts were analyzed during the peripartum period in cows with or without metritis. Multiparous Holstein cows were examined for uterine health disorders and classified into two groups: healthy (n = 11) or metritis (n = 5) cows. The lymphocyte and monocyte counts and the proportion of CD8+ lymphocytes were higher in cows with metritis compared to healthy cows. Moreover, the effects of puerperal metritis on the lymphocyte counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratio persisted weeks after the uterine inflammation had self‐resolved. Taken together, the findings of the present study indicate the possible long‐term alterations of systemic immune responses in cows with puerperal uterine inflammation. © 2015 Japanese Society of Animal Science  相似文献   
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