Phenolic Compounds,Volatiles and Antioxidant Capacity of White Myrtle Berry Liqueurs     

Gabriele Serreli  Igor Jerković  Katarzyna Angelika Gil  Zvonimir Marijanović  Viviana Pacini  Carlo Ignazio Giovanni Tuberoso 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2017,72(2):205-210

The aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and physical-chemical characteristics of commercial white myrtle berry (Myrtus communis L. var. leucocarpa DC) liqueur (WMBL). The total phenolic (TP) content was measured spectrophotometrically, applying a modified Folin-Ciocalteu’s method, and phenolic compounds were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry, and quantified by HPLC coupled with ultraviolet/visible detection. The antioxidant capacities were evaluated by FRAP, CUPRAC, DPPH^?, and ABTS^?+ assays. The volatiles were assessed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS/FID) after headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). WMBL showed lower TP levels (636.3 ± 39.2 mg GAE/L) than in purple myrtle berry liqueur (PMBL). Nevertheless, WMBL exhibited better antioxidant capacities, potentially due to high concentrations of gallic acid (294.2 ± 14.2 mg/L) and its derivatives (58.3 ± 2.1 mg/L). Other phenolic compounds detected by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS/MS were flavonols like myricetin and its derivatives (myricetin-3-O-galactoside and myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside) with concentrations similar to those found in PMBL. GC-MS/FID analysis revealed 44 compounds (terpenes, higher aliphatic compounds and shikimic acid pathway derivatives). 1,8-Cineole was the most abundant terpene in the liqueur (26.5% (HS-SPME) and 9.6% (LLE)).  相似文献   

Antibacterial activity of red and white wine against oral streptococci     

Daglia M  Papetti A  Grisoli P  Aceti C  Dacarro C  Gazzani G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(13):5038-5042

Wine contains a number of biologically active compounds with beneficial effects on human health. The antibacterial action of commercial red and white wines against oral streptococci responsible for caries development and against S. pyogenes responsible for pharyngitis was studied. Its postcontact effect against S. mutans was also studied. Both wines displayed activity. The compounds responsible for such activities were succinic, malic, lactic, tartaric, citric, and acetic acid. The synthetic mixtures of the organic acids tested at the concentrations found in wine had greater antibacterial activity than the beverages, indicating that in wine they are inhibited by other components. Wine polyphenols displayed no activity against oral streptococci or S. pyogenes. Findings show that wine is active against oral streptococci and S. pyogenes and suggest that it enhances oral health.  相似文献   

Isolation, identification, and quantification of roasted coffee antibacterial compounds     

Daglia M  Papetti A  Grisoli P  Aceti C  Spini V  Dacarro C  Gazzani G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(25):10208-10213

Coffee brew is a widely consumed beverage with multiple biological activities due both to naturally occurring components and to the hundreds of chemicals that are formed during the roasting process. Roasted coffee extract possesses antibacterial activity against a wide range of microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans, whereas green coffee extract exhibits no such activity. The naturally occurring coffee compounds, such as chlorogenic acids and caffeine, cannot therefore be responsible for the significant antibacterial activity exerted by coffee beverages against both bacteria. The very low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) found for standard glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and diacetyl compounds formed during the roasting process points to these alpha-dicarbonyl compounds as the main agents responsible for the antibacterial activity of brewed coffee against Sa. aureus and St. mutans. However, their low concentrations determined in the beverage account for only 50% of its antibacterial activity. The addition of caffeine, which has weak intrinsic antibacterial activity, to a mixture of alpha-dicarbonyl compounds at the concentrations found in coffee demonstrated that caffeine synergistically enhances the antibacterial activity of alpha-dicarbonyl compounds and that glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and diacetyl in the presence of caffeine account for the whole antibacterial activity of roasted coffee.  相似文献   

The extensive mercury contamination in soil and legacy sediments of the Paglia River basin (Tuscany,Italy): interplay between Hg-mining waste discharge along rivers, 1960s economic boom,and ongoing climate change     

Fornasaro  Silvia  Morelli  Guia  Rimondi  Valentina  Fagotti  Cesare  Friani  Rossella  Lattanzi  Pierfranco  Costagliola  Pilario 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2022,22(2):656-671

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The extensive Hg contamination in soil and sediments occurring along the Paglia River (Central Italy) is the result of the interplay between the geomorphological...  相似文献   

The enigma of prokaryotic life in deep hypersaline anoxic basins     

van der Wielen PW  Bolhuis H  Borin S  Daffonchio D  Corselli C  Giuliano L  D'Auria G  de Lange GJ  Huebner A  Varnavas SP  Thomson J  Tamburini C  Marty D  McGenity TJ  Timmis KN;BioDeep Scientific Party 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5706):121-123

Deep hypersaline anoxic basins in the Mediterranean Sea are a legacy of dissolution of ancient subterranean salt deposits from the Miocene period. Our study revealed that these hypersaline basins are not biogeochemical dead ends, but support in situ sulfate reduction, methanogenesis, and heterotrophic activity. A wide diversity of prokaryotes was observed, including a new, abundant, deeply branching order within the Euryarchaeota. Furthermore, we demonstrated the presence of a unique, metabolically active microbial community in the Discovery basin, which is one of the most extreme terrestrial saline environments known, as it is almost saturated with MgCl2 (5 M).  相似文献   

Efficacy of a single administration of a spot-on solution containing imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 2.5% in eliminating Dirofilaria repens microfilariae in naturally infected dogs     

Traversa D  Aste G  Di Cesare A  Paoletti B  Di Tommaso M  Di Giulio E  Pampurini F  Tunesi C  Boari A 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,179(1-3):107-112

In the past decade reports of canine subcutaneous dirofilariosis, caused by the mosquito-transmitted nematode Dirofilaria repens, increased in number in several countries in Europe, along with a rise of human cases. Given the merit to the new approaches for the control and treatment of this infection, the present study evaluated the efficacy of a single application of the spot-on formulation containing imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 2.5% (Advocate(?), Bayer Animal Health) in the elimination of D. repens microfilariaemia in naturally infected dogs. In September 2009, 18 dogs with a natural infection by D. repens were enrolled in the study. In October 2009 all the dogs were treated once with Advocate(?) and the presence/absence of circulating MF and skin lesions after treatment was evaluated monthly until April 2010. From November 2009 to April 2010 15 dogs scored negative for D. repens while one dog remained negative till March 2010 when it died. Two dogs had a recurrence of microfilariaemia in December 2009 and January 2010 respectively. Nine infected dogs showed skin lesions at the beginning of the trial, which disappeared after treatment in 7 dogs, whereas the other two symptomatic dogs did not show any dermatological improvement until the end of the trial even though they scored negative for D. repens microfilariae. This study demonstrated that a single dermal administration of Advocate(?) is effective in eliminating microfilariae of D. repens and likely has a certain degree of activity in killing subcutaneous adult worms as well. This study demonstrates the efficacy of Advocate(?) in the treatment of dermatitis caused by D. repens. Also, these results are of importance towards further control programs aiming to reduce the number of bites infectious for mosquitoes and the risk of infection for both humans and dogs.  相似文献   

Occurrence of Helicobacter pullorum in turkeys     

Zanoni RG  Piva S  Rossi M  Pasquali F  Lucchi A  De Cesare A  Manfreda G 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,149(3-4):492-496

  相似文献   

New Methods for Selecting Stallion Spermatozoa for Assisted Reproduction     

Silvia Colleoni PhD  Irina Lagutina PhD  Giovanna Lazzari DVM  PhD  Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez Prof.  DVM  Cesare Galli Prof.  DVM  Jane M. Morrell BVetMed  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2011,31(9):536-541

Improved sperm selection techniques are needed to increase the efficiency of equine-assisted reproduction. Single layer centrifugation (SLC) of spermatozoa has been shown to improve the quality of stallion sperm samples. In this study, the functionality of selected stallion spermatozoa was tested by intracytoplasmic sperm injection of equine oocytes after selection by SLC through Androcoll-E or by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation (DGC) through Redigrad and Tyrode's medium with added albumin, lactate, and pyruvate. The mean cleavage rates of the injected oocytes from SLC- and DGC-selected spermatozoa were 67% and 66%, respectively, whereas the proportion of blastocysts developing from cleaved oocytes was 28% and 22%, respectively (P > .05, not significant). An incidental finding was that there was a tendency for SLC-selected spermatozoa to have a higher percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology than DGC (70% ± 22% vs. 58% ± 38%) and for more blastocysts to be obtained from subfertile ejaculates (21 [19.6%] vs. 15 [14.4%], respectively). In further experiments, stallion spermatozoa bound to hyaluronan, although binding may depend on the semen extender and sperm treatment as well as incubation time. In conclusion, SLC-selected stallion spermatozoa function normally when injected into oocytes. SLC may potentially be better than DGC at selecting spermatozoa from subfertile ejaculates, but this effect needs rigorous investigation with a much larger sample size. Use of the hyaluronan-binding assay for assessing the potential fertility of stallion spermatozoa may be useful but requires further evaluation.  相似文献   

Isolation,growth and differentiation of equine mesenchymal stem cells: effect of donor,source, amount of tissue and supplementation with basic fibroblast growth factor     

Silvia Colleoni  Emanuela Bottani  Irene Tessaro  Gaetano Mari  Barbara Merlo  Noemi Romagnoli  Alessandro Spadari  Cesare Galli  Giovanna Lazzari 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(8):811-821

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are increasingly used as therapeutical aid for the orthopaedic injuries in the horse. MSC populate different tissues but the most commonly used for clinical purposes are isolated from bone marrow or adipose tissue. The first objective of this study was to investigate if the donor animal, the tissue of origin and the technique of isolation could influence the number of MSC available for transplantation after a short-term expansion. The second aim was to devise a culture system capable of increasing MSC lifespan and we tested the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Results indicate that MSC can be efficiently isolated from both sources and supplementation of bFGF enhances proliferation rate maintaining differentiation potential. In addition, this study shows that collection, expansion and storage of frozen MSC can be performed for later therapeutic use.  相似文献   

Co-inoculated Plasmopara viticola genotypes compete for the infection of the host independently from the aggressiveness components     

Benedetta Roatti  Cesare Gessler  Michele Perazzolli  Ilaria Pertot 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(2):363-371

During Plasmopara viticola epidemics only few genotypes produce most of the secondary lesions and dominate in the population. Selection of dominant genotypes is hypothesized to be linked to environmental conditions and can occur rapidly, particularly if there is also difference between genotypes in terms of fitness and aggressiveness. Measurements of aggressiveness components can largely determine the rate of epidemic development, although the components of aggressiveness do not take into account potential direct competition between genotypes. Differences in aggressiveness have been also reported to be greater under non-optimal conditions suggesting for genotype adaptation to different conditions. To evaluate differences in latency at non-optimal conditions, we characterized genotypes deriving from different climatic regions at three different temperatures (15, 25 and 35 °C) and we found no differences. To investigate whether other factors may impact on competition between P. viticola genotypes, we evaluated polycyclic infections of P. viticola by co-inoculating three genotypes with similar aggressiveness components in two different co-inoculation experiments and an increasing prevalence of one of the two genotypes was observed. Competition was not related to the origin of the genotype and we hypothesize that competitive selection is modulated by differences in the secretion of effector molecules which can contribute to the establishment of dominant genotypes over an epidemic season.  相似文献