Effect of dietary fat source and exercise on odorant-detecting ability of canine athletes     

Altom EK  Davenport GM  Myers LJ  Cummins KA 《Research in veterinary science》2003,75(2):149-155

Eighteen male English Pointers (2-4 years of age, 23.94+/-0.54 kg body weight) were allotted to three diet and two physical conditioning groups to evaluate the effect of level and source of dietary fat on the olfactory acuity of canine athletes subjected to treadmill exercise. Diet groups (6 dogs/diet) consisted of commercially prepared diets (minimum of 26% crude protein) containing 12% fat as beef tallow (A), 16% fat provided by equivalent amounts of beef tallow and corn oil (B), or 16% fat provided by equivalent amounts of beef tallow and coconut oil (C). This dietary formulation resulted in approximately 60% of the total fatty acid being saturated for diets A and C, while approximately 72% of the total fatty acids were unsaturated in diet B. One-half of the dogs within each dietary group were subjected to treadmill exercise 3 times per week for 30 min (8.05 km/h, 0% grade) for 12 weeks. All dogs were subjected to a submaximal exercise stress test (8.05 km/h, 10% slope for 60 min) every four weeks beginning at week 0. Olfactory acuity was measured utilizing behavioral olfactometry before and after each physical stress test. Non-conditioned (NON) dogs displayed a greater decrease (P<0.05) in olfactory acuity following exercise, while physically conditioned (EXE) dogs did not show a change from pre-test values. A diet by treatment interaction (P<0.10) was detected over the course of the study. NON dogs fed coconut oil had decreased odorant-detecting capabilities when week 4 values were compared with week 12 values. Feeding a diet that is predominately high in saturated fat may affect the odorant-detecting capabilities of working dogs. Additionally, these data indicate that utilization of a moderate physical conditioning program can assist canine athletes in maintaining olfactory acuity during periods of intense exercise.  相似文献   

Assessment of retinal function and characterization of lysosomal storage body accumulation in the retinas and brains of Tibetan Terriers with ceroid-lipofuscinosis     

Katz ML  Narfström K  Johnson GS  O'Brien DP 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(1):67-76

OBJECTIVE: To characterize lysosomal storage body accumulation in the retina and brain of Tibetan Terriers with ceroid-lipofuscinosis and determine whether the disease in these dogs is accompanied by impaired retinal function and retinal degeneration. ANIMALS: Three 7- to 10-year-old Tibetan Terriers with ceroid-lipofuscinosis and 1 healthy 5-year-old Tibetan Terrier. PROCEDURE: Owners completed a questionnaire to identify behavioral and physical signs indicative of ceroid-lipofuscinosis. Neurologic, behavioral, and ophthalmologic evaluations, including full-field electroretinograms, were performed on each dog. Fluorescence, light, and electron microscopy were performed on specimens of retina, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum of all dogs postmortem. RESULTS: Behavioral assessments of the affected dogs revealed moderate visual impairment in low-light conditions but good vision in bright light. On funduscopic evaluation of these dogs, abnormalities detected ranged from none to signs of moderately advanced retinal degeneration. Compared with findings in the control dog, electroretinography revealed depressed rod cell function with some impairment of cone cell function in the affected dogs. Morphologically, disease-specific storage bodies were detected in retinal Müller cells and neurons, particularly in ganglion cells, and in cells of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum in affected dogs. Substantial photoreceptor cell loss and disruption of photoreceptor outer segment morphology appeared to develop late in the disease. IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN MEDICINE: The similarities between ceroid-lipofuscinosis in Tibetan Terriers and some forms of ceroid-lipofuscinosis in humans suggest that the canine disease may have a genetic and biochemical basis similar to that of one of the ceroid-lipofuscinosis disorders in humans.  相似文献   

Development of a discriminative questionnaire to assess nonphysical aspects of quality of life of dogs     

Wojciechowska JI  Hewson CJ  Stryhn H  Guy NC  Patronek GJ  Timmons V 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(8):1453-1460

OBJECTIVE: To develop a preliminary discriminative questionnaire for assessment of nonphysical aspects of the quality of life (QOL) of pet dogs and evaluate the questionnaire's content validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency. STUDY POPULATION: Owners of 120 dogs. PROCEDURE: Each QOL question had 4 response options, representing descending levels of QOL that were equally weighted. A maximum of 38 items contributed to the QOL score. The questionnaire was administered by telephone to owners of dogs with appointments at a veterinary teaching hospital before the appointment. After the appointment, each dog was classified as sick or healthy by use of defined criteria; owners of healthy dogs had a second interview 3 to 4 weeks later. Test-retest reliability (kappa), internal consistency (Cronbach alpha), and respondents' comprehension were used as criteria for excluding an item. RESULTS: There were 77 sick and 43 healthy dogs. Twenty-two QOL questions had significant kappa values (0.11 to 0.91). The Cronbach alpha values for 5 domains of QOL ranged from 0.45 to 0.61, indicating that the domains had moderate internal consistency (homogeneity). The initial pool of 38 items was reduced to 27. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The questionnaire was designed to complement veterinary assessment of dogs' physical health. The questionnaire may be a useful tool in making decisions regarding dogs' QOL.  相似文献   

Structure of a synaptic gammadelta resolvase tetramer covalently linked to two cleaved DNAs     

Li W  Kamtekar S  Xiong Y  Sarkis GJ  Grindley ND  Steitz TA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5738):1210-1215

The structure of a synaptic intermediate of the site-specific recombinase gammadelta resolvase covalently linked through Ser10 to two cleaved duplex DNAs has been determined at 3.4 angstrom resolution. This resolvase, activated for recombination by mutations, forms a tetramer whose structure is substantially changed from that of a presynaptic complex between dimeric resolvase and the cleavage site DNA. Because the two cleaved DNA duplexes that are to be recombined lie on opposite sides of the core tetramer, large movements of both protein and DNA are required to achieve strand exchange. The two dimers linked to the DNAs that are to be recombined are held together by a flat interface. This may allow a 180 degrees rotation of one dimer relative to the other in order to reposition the DNA duplexes for strand exchange.  相似文献   

Use of an ultrasonically activated scalpel for splenectomy in 10 dogs with naturally occurring splenic disease     

Royals SR  Ellison GW  Adin CA  Wheeler JL  Sereda CW  Krotscheck U 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2005,34(2):174-178

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an ultrasonically activated scalpel for performing splenectomy, with minimal ligation, in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Dogs (10) with naturally occurring splenic disease. METHODS: Between October 2003 and February 2004, splenectomy was performed using an ultrasonically activated scalpel and a double seal method, in 10 dogs with naturally occurring splenic disease. Time for splenectomy and number of ligatures required were recorded. Intraoperative hemostasis, device ease of use, postoperative hemorrhage, and short-term survival were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean operative time for splenectomy, exclusive of celiotomy and closure, was 18 minutes (range, 8-25 minutes). The mean number of ligatures needed to perform splenectomy was 1 (range, 0-2 ligatures). One dog hemorrhaged from the splenic vein after ultrasonic scalpel transection of a vessel >5-mm diameter and required a ligature. The ultrasonic scalpel was easy to use, with a minimal learning curve. None of the dogs had postoperative abdominal hemorrhage; 9 dogs were discharged and 1 dog was euthanatized because of septicemia. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonic activated scalpel may be used to achieve efficient and safe hemostasis of the splenic vascular pedicle in dogs with minimal need for vascular ligation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ultrasonic scalpels can be used to perform splenectomy in dogs with naturally occurring splenic disease.  相似文献   

Orbitotomy for retrobulbar malignant fibrous histiocytoma in a dog     

Lassaline ME  Gelatt KN  Brooks DE  Ellison GW 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2005,8(1):1-6

A retrobulbar malignant fibrous histiocytoma was diagnosed in a 12-year-old castrated male Keeshond dog. The mass was excised with a lateral orbitotomy and zygomatic arch resection. Vision was preserved in the affected eye, and no recurrence was noted up to 10 months postoperatively. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma originates from primitive mesenchymal stem cells. The malignant fibrous histiocytoma seen in our patient was most consistent with the storiform-pleomorphic variant, given the storiform arrangement of spindle cells, the presence of histiocytoid cells, and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, without giant cells. The metastatic potential of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in general, and the storiform variant in particular, is unknown. Seventeen months later the dog was presented to the referring veterinarian with anorexia, diarrhea, weight loss and bilateral purulent nasal exudates. The dog was euthanized without necropsy.  相似文献   

Use of a portable real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

Callahan JD  Brown F  Osorio FA  Sur JH  Kramer E  Long GW  Lubroth J  Ellis SJ  Shoulars KS  Gaffney KL  Rock DL  Nelson WM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,220(11):1636-1642

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Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle: 22 cases (1997-2000)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dennison AC  VanMetre DC  Callan RJ  Dinsmore P  Mason GL  Ellis RP 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,221(5):686-689

OBJECTIVE: To determine signalment, history, and clinical, necropsy, and microbiologic findings in dairy cows with hemorrhagic bowel syndrome. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 22 adult dairy cows from a single farm in Colorado. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, medical and reproductive history, the owner's chief complaints, results of physical examinations and ancillary diagnostic tests, treatment and response to treatment, results of microbiologic testing, and, if applicable, postmortem findings. RESULTS: Common clinical signs were acute signs of profound depression, decreased milk production, tachycardia, ruminal stasis, abdominal distention, and dark clotted blood in the feces. Rectal examination revealed distended loops of small intestine in 7 of 14 cows. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed small intestinal ileus and distention in 12 of 12 cows and homogeneous echogenic intraluminal material compatible with intraluminal hemorrhage and clot formation in 4. Seven of 8 cows treated medically died; 9 of 13 cows that underwent surgery died or were euthanatized. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from fecal samples from 17 of 20 cows. The most common morphologic diagnosis at necropsy was severe necrohemorrhagic enteritis or jejunitis with intraluminal hemorrhage or blood clots. The most prominent histologic finding was severe, segmental submucosal hemorrhage and edema of the small intestine. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results confirm that in adult cattle, hemorrhagic bowel syndrome is a sporadic acute intestinal disorder characterized by intraluminal hemorrhage and obstruction of the small intestine. Clostridium perfringens was consistently isolated from the feces of affected cows. The prognosis for affected cows was grave.  相似文献   

Prevalence of and risk factors for Salmonella in water offered to weaned dairy calves in California,USA     

Kirk J  Atwill E  Holmberg C  Arana M  Collar C  Ghirardelli D  Higginbotham G  Markagaard G  Mullinax D  Wubishet A 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2002,54(2):169-178

Water from troughs used by weaned dairy calves was sampled on California, USA dairies to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for Salmonella contamination. Salmonella were found on 4 of 48 dairies (4/82 water samples) in fall 1998 and on 8 of the same 37 dairies (8/83 water samples) in summer, 1999. Serotypes isolated from the water were Salmonella meleagridis and Salmonella typhimurium. Primary risk factors associated with the increased prevalence of Salmonella in water offered to weaned dairy calves were a continuous water tank-filling method compared to a valve (an "on-demand" procedure) and a water pH>8.  相似文献   

Molecular and cellular interactions between Brucella abortus antigens and host immune responses     

Oliveira SC  Soeurt N  Splitter G 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,90(1-4):417-424

Host protection against Brucella abortus, is thought to be mediated primarily by a Th1 type immune response. Unfortunately, only few specific bacterial antigens involved in stimulating protective cellular immunity against Brucella are known. Therefore, identifying bacterial proteins that induce a T-lymphocyte mediated response is critical to determine Brucella immunity. Several library screening methods are discussed that have been used to identify Brucella proteins that stimulate T lymphocytes including cellular immunoblotting, Escherichia coli expressed Brucella proteins, green fluorescence reporter systems, and signature tagged mutagenesis. Future studies would likely examine how bacterial proteins expressed within host cells aid pathogen survival and/or induce host responses. Some of these newly identified bacterial gene products may serve as antigens to activate a protective host immune response. Also, identifying Brucella proteins expressed at particular times during infection will also yield insights into Brucella pathogenesis.  相似文献