An objective examination of consumer perception of nutrition information based on healthiness ratings and eye movements     

Jones G  Richardson M 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(3):238-244

OBJECTIVE: Previous research on nutrition labelling has mainly used subjective measures. This study examines the effectiveness of two types of nutrition label using two objective measures: eye movements and healthiness ratings. DESIGN: Eye movements were recorded while participants made healthiness ratings for two types of nutrition label: standard and standard plus the Food Standards Agency's 'traffic light' concept. SETTING: University of Derby, UK. SUBJECTS: A total of 92 participants (mean age 31.5 years) were paid for their participation. None of the participants worked in the areas of food or nutrition. RESULTS: For the standard nutrition label, participant eye movements lacked focus and their healthiness ratings lacked accuracy. The traffic light system helped to guide the attention of the consumer to the important nutrients and improved the accuracy of the healthiness ratings of nutrition labels. CONCLUSIONS: Consumers have a lack of knowledge regarding how to interpret nutrition information for standard labels. The traffic light concept helps to ameliorate this problem by indicating important nutrients to which to pay attention.  相似文献   

Effect of type of oil and addition of delta-tocopherol on model flavor compound stability during storage     

Leclercq S  Reineccius GA  Milo C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(22):9189-9194

The objective of this study was to investigate approaches to protect selected flavor compounds from deterioration when stored in an oil matrix. An aroma compound model mixture was prepared in a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) or sunflower oil (SfO) matrix and stored under either an ambient air or argon atmosphere containing, respectively, ca. 20 and <0.5% residual oxygen as controls or containing a natural antioxidant, delta-tocopherol (0.01%). Samples were analyzed by static headspace GC/FID to determine the stability over time of the compounds in mixture. It was found that the type of oil had the greatest effect (P < 0.01) on overall compound stability. A low-oxygen atmosphere also had a significant (P < 0.05) protective effect on the aroma compounds in both oils. The addition of delta-tocopherol generally offered little additional protection. No significant relationship could be determined between the oxidation of the lipid matrix and the loss of oxidation-sensitive thiol compounds.  相似文献   

Synthesis and characterization of canola oil-stearic acid-based trans-free structured lipids for possible margarine application     

Lumor SE  Jones KC  Ashby R  Strahan GD  Kim BH  Lee GC  Shaw JF  Kays SE  Chang SW  Foglia TA  Akoh CC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(26):10692-10702

Incorporation of stearic acid into canola oil to produce trans-free structured lipid (SL) as a healthy alternative to partially hydrogenated fats for margarine formulation was investigated. Response surface methodology was used to study the effects of lipozyme RM IM from Rhizomucor miehei and Candida rugosa lipase isoform 1 (LIP1) and two acyl donors, stearic acid and ethyl stearate, on the incorporation. Lipozyme RM IM and ethyl stearate gave the best result. Gram quantities of SLs were synthesized using lipozyme RM IM, and the products were compared to SL made by chemical catalysis and fat from commercial margarines. After short-path distillation, the products were characterized by GC and RPHPLC-MS to obtain fatty acid and triacylglycerol profiles, 13C NMR spectrometry for regiospecific analysis, X-ray diffraction for crystal forms, and DSC for melting profile. Stearic acid was incorporated into canola oil, mainly at the sn-1,3 positions, for the lipase reaction, and no new trans fatty acids formed. Most SL products did not have adequate solid fat content or beta' crystal forms for tub margarine, although these may be suitable for light margarine formulation.  相似文献   

Pericardioscopic imaging findings in cadaveric dogs: Comparison of an apical pericardial window and sub‐phrenic pericardectomy     

Owen T. Skinner BVSc  J. Brad Case DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  Gary W. Ellison DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  Eric L. Monnet DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS & ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2014,43(1):45-51

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Biomechanical Evaluation of the Influence of an Intramedullary Pin on the Stability of a Feline Ilial Fracture Model Stabilized With a Bone Plate     

Renee C. Krebs DVM  MS  Simon C. Roe BVSc  PhD  Diplomate ACVS  Brian J. Trumpatori DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Gary Spodnick DVM  MS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2014,43(2):114-119

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Behavior: A Guide for Practitioners     

Gary M. Landsberg 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2014

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A preliminary study on the effects of dietary supplementation of brewers yeast and nucleotides, singularly or in combination, on juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)     

Peng Li  Gary S Burr  Jonathan Goff  Kasey W Whiteman  Kenneth B Davis  Robert R Vega  William H Neill  & Delbert M Gatlin III 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(11):1120-1127

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with brewers yeast (Brewtech^®) and nucleotides (Optimûn), either singularly or in combination, on red drum growth, body composition, stress responses and possible resistance to Amyloodinium ocellatum infection. Juvenile red drum (～1 g initially) fed practical fish‐meal‐based diets for 6 weeks had similar weight gain regardless of whether the diet was unsupplemented (basal) or supplemented with brewers yeast (2% of diet), nucleotides (Optimûn at 0.2% of diet) or both brewers yeast (2% of diet) and nucleotides (Optimûn at 0.2% of diet). Dietary effects on hepatosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat ratio or whole‐body composition were not significant, except that fish fed the singular nucleotide supplement had a significantly higher whole‐body lipid content compared with fish fed the basal diet. No significant dietary effects on cortisol response were observed after a 15 min confinement stress test perhaps because of the extreme variation among individual fish. Subsequently, in situ challenge by co‐habitation with A. ocellatum caused 100% mortality regardless of dietary treatment within a 48 h period. It is concluded that dietary supplementation of brewers yeast and nucleotides did not promote enhanced growth or improved cortisol response and resistance to uncontrolled amyloodiniosis in juvenile red drum, at least at the tested dosages.  相似文献   

Effect of salinity on natural community and production of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone), within experimental zero-water exchange culture systems     

Olivier Decamp  Jeff Cody  Lytha Conquest  Gary Delanoy  & Albert G J Tacon 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(4):345-355

Recent efforts have been made to culture marine shrimp in systems operating under low or zero‐water exchange and with decreased water salinity. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of various salinity levels on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the natural community and, more particularly, ciliated protozoa, and compare this information with shrimp growth and survival. Tanks with 9‰ salinity were characterized by a higher pH, but also by a significantly higher concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a) per weight of suspended matter (1.93 ± 0.72 µg Chl a/mg TSS) than tanks with 18‰ (1.29 ± 0.68 µg Chl a/mg TSS) or 36‰ (1.37 ± 0.61 µg Chl a/mg TSS) salinity. Concentrations of ciliates (max 6000 cells mL^?1) showed considerable fluctuations over the sampling period, reflecting the impact of water salinity, dynamic interactions between ciliates and their diverse roles within the shrimp production system. There was no significant difference between survival rates of shrimp reared at 9‰, 18‰ or 36‰, but decreasing salinity from 36‰ to 9‰ led to a significant decrease in final shrimp body weight (from 13.40 ± 0.26 g to 10.23 ± 2.72 g). Future work should address the potential of ciliates as an indicator of aquaculture water quality, as is currently being done in the wastewater industry, and the contribution of ciliates as food sources.  相似文献   

Reporting standards for biofilter performance studies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

John Colt  Jonathan Lamoureux  Richard Patterson  Gary Rogers   《Aquacultural Engineering》2006,34(3):377-388

The development of standardized rating and design procedures for biological filters will require that filter performance be evaluated and reported in a standardized manner. This article recommends draft reporting standards for biofilter performance studies. It is important that critical parameters are defined and reported in a standard manner, both in terms of definition, variable names, and units. Depending on the type and scale of an experiment, reporting of certain parameters will be either mandatory or optional. Basic principles of experimental design, statistical analysis, and randomization must be followed. Experimental protocols are recommended to ensure the accuracy of measured or computed parameters. The development of this reporting standard is being organized through the Standards and Reporting Committee of the Aquaculture Engineering Society (AES). It is anticipated that a revised version of these standards will be incorporated into the Guide to Authors for Aquacultural Engineering.  相似文献   

Aquaculture pond temperature modeling     

Stanley L. Klemetson  Gary L. Rogers 《Aquacultural Engineering》1985,4(3):191-208

The prediction of aquaculture pond temperatures throughout the year is essential to the design and evaluation of potential aquaculture sites. A site may obtain the necessary heat inputs from the sun, geothermal wells or industrial and power plant waste heat. The amount of heat addition necessary is dependent upon climatic and environmental factors at the site.The MAPT (Maintenance of Aquaculture Pond Temperatures) model was developed to determine the potential for warm water aquaculture at any site in the world. Hot water sources and solar radiation provided the heat inputs to the model while the heats of evaporation, convection and radiation were responsible for the heat losses.The model was used to consider a variety of heat loss reduction methods, heat transfer methods and projected the pond temperatures and animal production rates. It has been applied to several sites around the world and provides an inexpensive means for evaluation of production potential without extensive site data collection.  相似文献