WHOSE BUSINESS IS THE PUBLIC HEALTH?     

Gay FP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1921,54(1391):159-162

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Dynamics of symbiotic establishment between an IAA-overproducing mutant of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum and Pinus pinaster     

Tranvan H  Habricot Y  Jeannette E  Gay G  Sotta B 《Tree physiology》2000,20(2):123-129

To clarify the early steps of symbiotic establishment, we studied the dynamics of Pinus pinaster (Ait.) Sol. tap root colonization and mycorrhiza formation by an IAA-overproducing mutant of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum Romagnesi and by the corresponding wild type strain. Differences between wild type and mutant strains were quantitative rather than qualitative and were detected two days after inoculation. Both fungal strains established a typical Hartig net when they colonized the tap roots. Consequently, colonized tap roots exhibited features of a true mycorrhiza and fungal colonization enhanced plant growth. Fungal colonization and Hartig net formation were more rapid with the mutant than with the wild type. Colonization, especially with the mutant strain, increased rhizogenesis and the production of mycorrhizas. The mutant formed a hypertrophic Hartig net in tap roots and mycorrhizal short roots and we obtained evidence that the process of short root transformation into mycorrhiza started before their emergence from the tap root. Hyphae of the Hartig net in the tap root penetrated the cortex of young lateral roots at the beginning of their elongation, after the endodermis layer broke under the pressure of the elongating lateral root. Colonization was inhibited when triiodobenzoic acid was added to the culture medium, providing circumstantial evidence that auxin is involved in mycorrhiza formation.  相似文献   

Consortia and centers of excellence: issues and answers     

Miller GY  Prasse KW 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2006,33(4):543-548

As the demand for food-supply veterinarians changes, while the level of expertise necessary in this field markedly increases, there is a need to examine alternative modalities for delivering food-supply veterinary education. It seems clear that not all veterinary schools in the United States can sustain optimally sized facilities for the broad-based training in all species of food animals that the current and future food-supply veterinarian needs. An alternative model is for select schools to establish consortial centers of excellence in specific food-animal species, to which students from other schools can go for optimum final-year education. This alternative mode of food supply-veterinary medical education is discussed here.  相似文献   

Consequences of Intrauterine Enrofloxacin Infusion on Mare Endometrium     

Jacobo S. Rodriguez  Sushan Han  Samuel Nielsen  Lisa K. Pearson  John M. Gay  Ahmed Tibary 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

Endometritis is an important cause of infertility in mares. Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic to which most equine endometritis pathogens are not resistant. The objective of this study was to determine whether enrofloxacin is safe to use as a conventional intrauterine infusion treatment. Nine healthy mares received intrauterine infusions of enrofloxacin (Baytril 100, 100 mg/mL, Bayer Health Care LLC, Animal Health Division) at 2.5 mg/kg daily for 3 days. Ultrasonographic examination and vaginal examinations were performed during the study. Endometrial biopsies were performed before treatment (S0) and 24 hours after the last treatment (S1) to evaluate acute effects. For evaluating chronic effects, biopsies were performed at 14 days (S2) and 60 days posttreatment (S3). Biopsies were graded histologically by the Kenny and Doig category scale. Difference in histological biopsy grade before and after treatment was compared between biopsies by using a repeated-measures one-way analysis of variance. and significant changes in grades were used to assess treatment effects. The vaginal and ultrasonographic examination after intrauterine infusion of enrofloxacin showed that all mares had severe purulent vaginitis and uterine fluid accumulation of ≥2 cm, with ≥1.5-cm thickening of the endometrial wall which persisted in most mares until the end of the study. Histologically, there was acute endometrial ulceration, necrosis, and hemorrhage in biopsy S1 in all mares, categorized as grade III. In biopsy S2, most mares developed fibrosis and inflammation graded as IIb (four of nine mares) or III (four of nine mares). In biopsy S3, fibrosis was extensive and had variable inflammation, graded as IIb (two of nine mares) or III (five of nine mares), with some mares healing to grade IIa (two of nine mares). There was an overall worsening of endometrial biopsy grade from I to III at S3 compared with S0 (P < .001). These results confirm that enrofloxacin is not suitable for conventional intrauterine infusion treatment in mares.  相似文献   

Permeability of the haustorium-host interface in powdery mildews     

J. L. Gay  J. M. Manners 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》1987,30(3)

The extent to which uranyl ions and peroxidase permeated haustorial complexes isolated from Pisum sativum infected with Erysiphe pisi was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Freshly isolated complexes were treated with uranyl acetate, either directly, or after treatment with cell wall degrading enzymes, or with Triton X-100 and the uranyl ion, precipitated with phosphate. The complexes were then fixed with glutaraldehyde and examined by TEM to determine the distribution of uranyl phosphate crystals.Two independent experiments, each involving the examination of 80 complexes, gave similar results. After direct uranyl treatment, crystals were excluded from 38% of the complexes, were present in the extrahaustorial matrix only in 19% and occurred throughout in 43%. Breaks were observed in the extrahaustorial membrane of the last two categories. Uranyl crystals bound to the outer (host cytoplasmic) surface of the extrahaustorial membrane and also to the matrical surface, where this was accessible. In addition, the few necrotic haustorial complexes observed were completely permeated.Following pre-treatments with pectinase and cellulase, or Triton X-100, uranyl crystals were present throughout the complexes in all or 96%, of the complexes respectively.In similar experiments involving treatment with horseradish peroxidase (instead of uranyl acetate) followed by the addition of hydrogen peroxide and 3,3-diaminobenzidene, electron opaque deposit occurred around the complexes but never internally in any part of them. Even where breaks in the extrahaustorial membrane were visible the extrahaustorial matrix was not permeated.It is concluded that the extrahaustorial membrane and haustorial plasma membrane are semipermeable in many of the isolated haustorial complexes but that some are damaged during isolation and purification procedures; that a barrier to diffusion exists where the extrahaustorial membrane is joined to the wall of the haustorial neck and in other parts of the neck wall so that the whole boundary of the extrahaustorial matrix restricts diffusion of solutes; and that the extrahaustorial matrix is a gel which precludes the passage of large molecules through it. The physiological implications of the results are discussed.  相似文献   

The geographic distribution of hydatid infection in cattle in Western Australia Western Australia     

AJ LYMBERY  RCA THOMPSON  CC CONSTANTINE  JG KRUGER 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(11):430-432

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Clinical and Pathological Findings in Testis, Epididymis, Deferens Duct and Prostate following Vasectomy in a Dog     

CC Pérez-Marín  R López  JM Domínguez  R Zafra 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(2):169-174

We report the case of a bilateral and multilocular spermatocele and sperm granuloma in a dog that was vasectomized 5 years before. Clinical examination revealed scrotal dermatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Orchiectomy was performed, and gross and histological examination showed testicular degeneration associated with epididymal sperm granuloma. In relation to this case, the literature about long-term effects of vasectomy in dogs has been reviewed. On the basis of these results, a preventive sonogram and physical assessment in prostate and other reproductive structures before vasectomy is recommended.  相似文献   

Oestrus Expression and Ovarian Function in Repeat Breeder Cows, Monitored by Ultrasonography and Progesterone Assay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CC Pérez-Marín  F España 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(5):449-456

Ovarian ultrasonography and plasma progesterone levels were monitored in 37 lactating Holstein cows with a history of repeat breeding; the data obtained were analysed in conjunction with clinical and behavioural signs, to identify the aetiology of the syndrome. Differences were detected between RBCs displaying apparently normal cycles and others with irregular cycles. There were also differences in heat expression; a large number of repeat breeder cows (RBCs, 50%) displayed delayed or silent oestrus. Ovarian disorders were common in RBCs, and included ovarian cysts, mistimed AI, subluteal progesterone levels, luteal dysfunction or ovulation defects. Both ultrasonography and plasma progesterone assays are useful tools for ascertaining the aetiology of the repeat breeder syndrome.  相似文献   

THE TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA IN FOALS CAUSED BY RHODOCOCCUS (CORYNEBACTERIUM) EQUI   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. C. Gay  V. Sloss  R. H. Wrigley  R. Horsey 《Australian veterinary journal》1981,57(3):150-151

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Neospora caninum seroprevalence and associated risk factors in beef cattle in the northwestern United States   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sanderson MW  Gay JM  Baszler TV 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,90(1-2):15-24

A Neospora caninum seroprevalence and risk factor survey of 2585 cows was conducted in 55 beef cow-calf herds located in five northwestern states of the USA. Blood samples were collected by private veterinary practitioners and management practices were surveyed using a mail questionnaire. Producers were randomly selected from those that employed these veterinarians to perform annual herd pregnancy examinations. Questions were asked about animal management, grazing and feeding, immunization and record keeping practices. Blood was collected from a systematically selected sample of cows in each herd, and age, origin, and pregnancy status were recorded. Blood samples were analyzed for antibodies against N. caninum antigen using a monoclonal antibody-based competitive inhibition (CI) ELISA. Overall seroprevalence was 24% and within herd seroprevalence ranged from 3 to 67% with a median of 19%. Within herd seroprevalence and mean inhibition percentage were different between the five states. Herds that managed their cows on range for summer grazing had lower seroprevalence than those that did not, while increased seroprevalence was associated with higher winter stocking density. Cows less than 3 years of age had higher CI ELISA inhibition percent values than cows greater than 6 years of age. No relationship was noted between serologic status and individual cow origin (purchased or raised), or pregnancy status at the time of sampling.  相似文献