Beach-User Attitudes to Shark Bite Mitigation Strategies on Coastal Beaches; Sydney,Australia     

Georgia M. E. Gray 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2017,22(3):282-290

Common strategies to protect swimmers from unprovoked shark bite incidents on coastal beaches are controversial. We surveyed beach users on two Sydney beaches to gauge their knowledge and attitudes to current and topical shark bite mitigation strategies. Most interviewees (>55%) were aware that shark nets were deployed on each beach, and gave relatively strong (>60%) support for their use. In contrast, beach users were overwhelming against (>80%) the general culling of sharks, and also opposed (>70%) the strategy of catching and killing sharks following a shark bite incident. There was little difference between genders in their attitudes to each strategy, but the oldest age category (51+) surveyed was generally most supportive of the lethal strategies. The results demonstrated the dichotomies in public attitudes to the different mitigation strategies, particularly passive versus active culling, and highlighted the need for greater public education for the development of socially acceptable solutions to shark hazards.  相似文献   

A review of climate change and the implementation of marine biodiversity legislation in the United Kingdom          下载免费PDF全文

Matthew Frost  Georgia Bayliss‐Brown  Paul Buckley  Martyn Cox  Stephen R. Dye  William G. Sanderson  Bethany Stoker  Narumon Withers Harvey 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2016,26(3):576-595

DETERMINATION OF OLIVE MILL WASTEWATER TOXIC EFFECTS ON THREE MINT SPECIES GROWN IN HYDROPONIC CULTURE     

Georgia Ouzounidou  Maria Asfi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(5):726-738

The effects of two olive mill wastewater (OMW) dilutions upon physiological function and metabolic components of three mint species grown in hydroponic culture were studied. Visible symptoms, chlorosis and stunted growth, were pronounced in peppermint and spearmint; toxicity symptoms in menthe douce were few. Peppermint and spearmint displayed loss of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K); menthe douce revealed accumulation of Ca, sodium (Na), and iron (Fe), under OMW. The loss of Ca negatively affected the development and stability of cell wall and membrane; the Mg deficiency negatively affected the photosynthetic apparatus and carbon fixation. Fv′/ Fm′ was slightly affected under OMW, whereas, Φ_PSII, q _P and Rfd displayed significant reductions. No clear effect of OMW on phenols and carbohydrates among the species were found. Ascorbic acid content in peppermint dropped dramatically; the reduction was lower for spearmint and menthe douce. The OMW resistant species, menthe douce, developed a mechanism to control the physiological and the biochemical status.  相似文献   

Amelioration of copper toxicity by iron on Spinach physiology     

G. Ouzounidou  I. Ilias  H. Tranopoulou  S. Karataglis 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):2089-2101

The effect of excess copper (Cu) on young spinach (Spinacia oleraced) as well as the role of iron (Fe) for amelioration of toxicity on growth and photosynthesis in Cu‐treated plants was evaluated. Plants treated with 160 μM Cu showed symptoms of heavy metal toxicity, while addition of Fe (40 μM) ameliorates to a certain extent toxic effects of Cu, due to antagonistic action between Cu and Fe. Root length and biomass revealed a lower decrease under Cu+Fe than under Cu treatment. Copper accumulation in plant tissues increased, while Fe, sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) declined under Cu treatment. The significant increase in chlorophyll fluorescence (F_o) under 160 μM Cu, possibly reflects the more severe damages suffered at the membrane level with respect to Cu+Fe treatment. Copper decreased the efficiency of excitation energy capture by PSH reaction centers and negatively affected the effective antenna size of PSH. Changes in the rate of carbon dioxide (CO₂) assimilation were associated with changes in both stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll capacity for photochemistry as well as with lower pigment content. Net CO₂ assimilation, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance were reduced. These changes at PSII are characteristic of a saturation of photosynthetic metabolic activity. The results suggest a tight linkage between PSII activity and CO₂ fixation under Cu treatment. Amelioration of Cu toxicity was obvious under Fe application.  相似文献   

Dietary probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M modulates the intestinal microbiota and stimulates intestinal immunity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

Ali Al‐Hisnawi  Ana Rodiles  Mark D. Rawling  Mathieu Castex  Paul Waines  Georgia Gioacchini  Oliana Carnevali  Daniel L. Merrifield 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(6):1133-1151

A study was conducted to evaluate the probiotic effect of Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish (310 ± 9 g) were fed a control diet or a P. acidilactici‐supplemented diet (at 2.4 × 10⁶ CFU/g) for 4 weeks. The probiotic was observed to populate the intestine with levels ranging from log 3.7 to 5.4 CFU/g. Furthermore, these populations were able to persist for at least 24 hr after the cessation of probiotic feeding. High‐throughput sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA libraries demonstrated that P. acidilactici was able to modulate the gut microbiome of rainbow trout and that the probiotic was detected as a common taxon on the mucosa and in the digesta of the probiotic fish (p < .05). Real‐time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that feeding the probiotic upregulated pro‐inflammatory cytokines, interleukin‐1β, and interleukin‐8 and downregulated anti‐inflammatory interleukin‐10 compared to the control‐fed fish. Furthermore, the mRNA levels for the mucosal antibody immunoglobulin T was also elevated in probiotic‐fed fish. These findings help to explain some of the mechanisms behind the previously reported observed benefits of using this probiotic in the intestinal morphology and immunity of rainbow trout.  相似文献   

Mainstreaming the environmental benefits of street trees     

Georgia Silvera Seamans 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2013,12(1):2-11

Over the course of the last three decades the role of the street tree in planning and policy arenas has transitioned from one primarily of beautification and ornamentation to one more inclusive of environmental services provision in numerous U.S. cities. This phenomenon was examined in the northern California cities of Palo Alto, Sacramento, and San Francisco. Analysis of policy documents, non-profit newsletters, field work, and interviews revealed that claims about the environmental values of street trees have been championed by municipal and non-profit actors and have been legitimized by the production and dissemination of urban forest science.  相似文献   

Concentrations and Availability Indicators of Soil Heavy Metals; the Case of Children’s Playgrounds in the City of Athens (Greece)     

Ioannis Massas  Constantinos Ehaliotis  Dionisios Kalivas  Georgia Panagopoulou 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,212(1-4):51-63

This study reports on the concentrations, distribution, and availability of heavy metals in the children’s playground soils of Athens. Playgrounds were chosen because they are open city areas; they show relatively even spatial distribution within the district of Athens and are used by a great number of young children and their escorts on a regular basis. Samples were collected from 70 playground surface soils, representing more than 70% of the city’s playgrounds. Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, Mn, and Fe were extracted by aqua regia and by diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) to estimate total and available metal forms, respectively. Their mean total concentrations were 43, 174, 110, 80, 82, 22, 312, and 17?×?10³?mg kg^?1, respectively. The DTPA-extracted fraction showed much lower values, with means of 2.5, 7.8, 5.8, 1.5, 1.3, 0.4, 8.4, and 2.0 mg kg^?1 respectively, which, however, should be carefully monitored since they relate directly to the bioavailable fraction of heavy metals. Though mean values of metal concentrations are not particularly high, the calculated enrichment factors indicate site-specific cases of high enrichment with heavy metals. Considering that the bioavailable fraction of a metal is possibly a more appropriate indicator for the recent soil pollution history, availability ratios were calculated and their distribution was visualized over the entire city profile using the appropriate GIS software. It was shown that recent metal pollution events appear to have affected mostly playground sites in the southern and eastern part of the municipality.  相似文献   

Chemical Composition and Yield of Six Genotypes of Common Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.): An Alternative Source of Omega-3 Fatty Acids     

Spyridon Α. Petropoulos  Anestis Karkanis  Ângela Fernandes  Lillian Barros  Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira  Georgia Ntatsi  Konstantinos Petrotos  Christos Lykas  Ebrahim Khah 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2015,70(4):420-426

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增浓和加香“CAAMO”颗粒茶主要生化成分的研究(英文)     

И.И.ЦОЦИАШВИЛИ 《茶叶科学》1992,12(1):55-58

本文介绍了前苏联利用本国红、绿茶等外品,在添加月桂叶碎片并用印度进口红茶进行增浓和用柠檬及伏牛花香精油加香处理后,加工而成的一种新型“CAAMO”颗粒茶的加工工艺流程,并对该产品的生化组分进行了分析。结果表明,“CAAM0”茶的含水量较其他茶低,儿茶素总量和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、氨基酸、茶黄素、茶红素及芳香油的含量均较用同样原料加工成的红茶和其他茶样为高。无论是品质标准、生化成分含量或是在香气、滋味上,这种新工艺茶均超过了用同样原料加工成的其他茶类。经在前苏联格鲁吉亚共和国的茶厂引进这种技  相似文献   

Experiment in Egg Penetration of Samonnella   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

C. H. Bigland  Georgia Papas 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1953,17(3):105-109

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