Predicting the distribution of harmful species and their natural enemies in agricultural,livestock and forestry systems: an overview   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Victoria Lantschner  Gerardo de la Vega  Juan C. Corley 《国际虫害防治杂志》2019,65(3):190-206

Abstract

Predicting the potential distribution of harmful species to agriculture, livestock and forestry is decisive to prevent their impacts, especially when these are expanding their range due to global change. Recent advances in species distribution modelling (SDM) have made these tools widely used for biosecurity studies. We reviewed the available literature of SDM for pest, weeds, pathogen species and biological-control agents, with the aims of synthesizing and quantifying the available information, and identifying gaps in the knowledge and future perspectives. SDMs for 420 species were collected from 220 publications. Insect pests were the most frequently studied organisms. CLIMEX and MaxEnt were the most commonly used modelling tools, while pure mechanistic approaches were rarely applied. Most studies covered broad scales, and focused on predicting the distribution of invasive species and/or the effects of climate change. The challenge remains for models to include disturbance, resource availability, and biotic factors, as well as to better quantify uncertainty. This future directions will be fundamental to improve the predictive power of SDMs for productive systems in the context of a rapidly changing World.  相似文献   

Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) distribution modelling improves our understanding of pest range limits     

Gerardo J. de la Vega  Juan C. Corley 《国际虫害防治杂志》2019,65(3):217-227

Abstract

Spatial distributions models (SDM) are often used in invasive pest management to understand current and potential distribution. Using data on the well-studied spotted wing drosophila as a model, we compared distribution patterns of the range-limit with commonly applied correlative and mechanistic models. Correlative models risk underestimation whereas simple mechanistic models provide overestimated range predictions, although using both approaches for the spotted wing drosophila improved range-limit predictions. Model choice when dealing with pests is central to the accurate identification of invasive species limit range and consequently for the deployment of monitoring and early detection programs.  相似文献   

Inheritance of Striga hermonthica adaptive traits in an early‐maturing white maize inbred line containing resistance genes from Zea diploperennis     

Ijeoma C. Akaogu  Baffour Badu‐Apraku  Pangirayi Tongoona  Hernan Ceballos  Vernon Gracen  S. K. Offei  Daniel Dzidzienyo 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(5):546-552

Striga hermonthica can cause as high as 100% yield loss in maize depending on soil fertility level, type of genotype, severity of infestation and climatic conditions. Understanding the mode of inheritance of Striga resistance in maize is crucial for introgression of resistance genes into tropical germplasm and deployment of resistant varieties. This study examined the mode of inheritance of resistance to Striga in early‐maturing inbred line, TZdEI 352 containing resistance genes from Zea diploperennis. Six generations, P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, BC₁P₁ and BC₁P₂ derived from a cross between resistant line, TZdEI 352 and susceptible line, TZdEI 425 were screened under artificial Striga infestation at Mokwa and Abuja, Nigeria, 2015. Additive‐dominance model was adequate in describing observed variations in the number of emerged Striga plants among the population; hence, digenic epistatic model was adopted for Striga damage. Dominance effects were higher than the additive effects for the number of emerged Striga plants at both locations signifying that non‐additive gene action conditioned inheritance of Striga resistance. Inbred TZdEI 352 could serve as invaluable parent for hybrid development in Striga endemic agro‐ecologies of sub‐Saharan Africa.  相似文献   

Energy density of sub-Antarctic fishes from the Beagle Channel     

D. A. Fernández  M. E. Lattuca  C. C. Boy  A. F. Pérez  S. G. Ceballos  F. A. Vanella  E. R. Morriconi  G. F. Malanga  D. R. Aureliano  S. Rimbau  J. Calvo 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(1):181-188

The energy density (ED) of nine species of sub-Antarctic fishes was estimated by calorimetry. The fish, seven notothenioids, one atherinopsid and one galaxiid, represents some of the more abundant species in the ichthyofauna of the Beagle Channel. Principal-components analysis (PCA) of the ED of the different organs/tissues indicated that PC₁ and PC₂ accounted for 87% of the variability. Separation along PC₁ corresponded to differences in muscle and liver energy densities whereas separation along PC₂ corresponded to differences in the ED of the gonads. Differences between species were significant except for P. sima. Inclusion of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) as an explanatory variable enabled us to establish the existence of energy transfer from muscle and liver to the gonads in ripe P. tessellata females. Total ED values varied between 4.21 and 6.26 kJ g⁻¹, the pelagic Odontesthes sp. being the species with the highest ED. A significant relationship between ED and muscle dry weight (DW_M) was found for all the species except P. tessellata. These data are the first direct estimates of ED of fishes from the Beagle Channel.  相似文献   

Output of gastrointestinal nematode eggs in the feces of captive gazelles (Gazella dama mhorr, Gazella cuvieri and Gazella dorcas neglecta) in a semiarid region of southeastern Spain.     

Juana Ortiz  Rocío Ruiz de Ybá?ez  Teresa Abaigar  Marina Goyena  Magdalena Garijo  Gerardo Espeso  Mar Cano 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2006,37(3):249-254

Feces from 62 captive African gazelles, including Mhorr gazelles (Gazella dama mhorr), Cuvier's gazelles (Gazella cuvieri), and Dorcas gazelles (Gazella dorcas neglecta), were examined over the course of a year to quantitate nematode egg excretion patterns. Strongyloides sp. eggs appeared only in G. dama during the rainy season. Trichostrongylidae egg excretion showed a marked seasonal variation, with very low levels during the dry and hot period, a finding that is probably attributable to hypobiosis of the predominant species (Camelostrongylus mentulatus). Eggs of the Nematodirus sp., predominantly Nematodirus spathiger, were excreted throughout the year. No seasonal pattern was observed in Trichuris sp. egg excretion.  相似文献   

Wheat and barley cultivars show plant traits acclimation and increase grain yield under simulated shade in Mediterranean conditions     

M. Guadalupe Arenas‐Corraliza  M. Lourdes Lpez‐Díaz  Víctor Rolo  Gerardo Moreno 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2021,207(1):100-119

Agroforestry systems are reported as climate‐resilient productive systems, but it is yet unclear how tree shade affects crops performance. The aim of this work was to assess how the phenology, plant traits and grain yield of wheat and barley were affected by shade. In an open greenhouse experiment, we cultivated in pots nine cultivars differing in precocity for each species and imposed three artificial shading levels (S0 ~ 0%, S1 ~ 25%, S2 ~ 50%) at the start of cereal booting. Our results showed that shade speeded up first growth stages in both species, until the starting of milk development. Barley showed consistent phenological responses to the three irradiance levels among cultivars, but not wheat that showed larger phenological differences among cultivars at moderate shade. Deep shade prolonged the time needed for wheat grain ripening. Both species increased grain yield by 15%–20% with shade, driven by shade‐acclimations of plant traits that differed among species. For wheat, grain yield was determined by the assemblage of traits that contribute to yield, such as grain weight, precocity and non‐photochemical quenching, while, for barley, SPAD value, precocity to reach phenological stages, grains per spike and plant height had the strongest influence. These traits varied widely among cultivars and seem of interest to identify best suited cultivars for shading conditions of Mediterranean agroforestry systems.  相似文献   

The use of electrical stimulation to guide epidural and intrathecal needle advancement at the L5‐L6 intervertebral space in dogs     

Pablo E Otero  Natali Verdier  Martin R Ceballos  Lisa Tarragona  Myriam Flores  Diego A Portela 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2014,41(5):543-547

ObjectiveTo determine the minimal electrical threshold (MET) necessary to elicit appropriate muscle contraction when the tip of an insulated needle is positioned epidurally or intrathecally at the L_5-6 intervertebral space (phase-I) and to determine whether the application of a fixed electrical current during its advancement could indicate needle entry into the intrathecal space (phase-II) in dogs.Study designProspective, blinded study.AnimalsThirteen (phase-I) and seventeen (phase-II) dogs, scheduled for a surgical procedure where L_5-6 intrathecal administration was indicated.MethodsUnder general anesthesia, an insulated needle was first inserted into the L_5-6 epidural space and secondly into the intrathecal space and the MET necessary to obtain a muscular contraction of the pelvic limb or tail at each site was determined (phase-I). Under similar conditions, in dogs of phase-II an insulated needle was inserted through the L_5-6 intervertebral space guided by the use of a fixed electrical current (0.8 mA) until muscular contraction of the pelvic limb or tail was obtained. Intrathecal needle placement was confirmed by either free flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or myelography.ResultsThe current required to elicit a motor response was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) when the tip of the needle was in the intrathecal space (0.48 ± 0.10 mA) than when it was located epidurally (2.56 ± 0.57). The use of a fixed electrical stimulation current of 0.8 mA resulted in correct prediction of intrathecal injection, corroborated by either free flow of CSF (n = 12) or iohexol distribution pattern (n = 5), in 100% of the cases.Conclusion and clinical relevanceNerve stimulation may be employed as a tool to distinguish epidural from intrathecal insulated needle position at the L_5-6 intervertebral space in dogs. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using an electrical stimulation test to confirm intrathecal needle position in dogs.  相似文献   

Mammal population losses and the extinction crisis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ceballos G  Ehrlich PR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5569):904-907

The disappearance of populations is a prelude to species extinction. No geographically explicit estimates have been made of current population losses of major indicator taxa. Here we compare historic and present distributions of 173 declining mammal species from six continents. These species have collectively lost over 50% of their historic range area, mostly where human activities are intensive. This implies a serious loss of ecosystem services and goods. It also signals a substantial threat to species diversity.  相似文献   

Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Barbier EB  Koch EW  Silliman BR  Hacker SD  Wolanski E  Primavera J  Granek EF  Polasky S  Aswani S  Cramer LA  Stoms DM  Kennedy CJ  Bael D  Kappel CV  Perillo GM  Reed DJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5861):321-323

A common assumption is that ecosystem services respond linearly to changes in habitat size. This assumption leads frequently to an "all or none" choice of either preserving coastal habitats or converting them to human use. However, our survey of wave attenuation data from field studies of mangroves, salt marshes, seagrass beds, nearshore coral reefs, and sand dunes reveals that these relationships are rarely linear. By incorporating nonlinear wave attenuation in estimating coastal protection values of mangroves in Thailand, we show that the optimal land use option may instead be the integration of development and conservation consistent with ecosystem-based management goals. This result suggests that reconciling competing demands on coastal habitats should not always result in stark preservation-versus-conversion choices.  相似文献   

Behavior,blood stress indicators,skin lesions,and meat quality in pigs transported to slaughter at different loading densities     

Valentina Montoya Urrea  Ana Maria Bridi  Maria Camila Ceballos  Mateus J R Paranhos da Costa  Luigi Faucitano 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(6)

A total of 1,936 pigs were transported through 8 trips (8.4 ± 0.5 hr) from 2 grow-to-finish farms to a commercial slaughter plant, all located in Southern Brazil. On each trip, a sub-sample of each load (36 barrows/load, weighing 118.9 ± 9.8 kg) was randomly allocated into one of the following loading densities during transport: 200 kg/m² (D200), 235 kg/m² (D235), and 270 kg/m² (D270). Behavioral recordings of postures and activities were made during transportation and lairage using video-cameras. At slaughter, blood samples were collected to assess the concentrations of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate. Carcass weights and skin lesion scores were assessed on-line, and meat quality was evaluated in the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle by assessing pH, color, and drip loss. During transportation, the proportion of animals lying down was higher (P < 0.05) in D200 and D235 groups compared with D270. The proportion of sitting animals during transportation was higher (P < 0.01) in D270 compared with D200. In lairage, D200 and D235 pigs stood more compared with D270 (P = 0.01), while the proportion of lying pigs was higher (P = 0.02) for D270 pigs compared with D200 and D235. The frequency of drinking bouts in lairage was higher (P < 0.05) for D200 group compared with D235 and D270. The levels of CK were lower (P < 0.05) in D200 pigs transported compared with D270. Lesion scores tended to be higher (P = 0.06) in D270 carcasses compared with D200 and D235. A tendency for lower (P = 0.10) pH1 values in the LT muscle of D270 pigs compared with D200 pigs was also found. Based on the results of this study, the application of lower loading densities (≤235 kg/m²) in the truck allows pigs to have sufficient space to rest, travel more comfortably and arrive less fatigued at the slaughter plant.  相似文献