Changes in forest structure modify understory and livestock occurrence along the natural cycle and different management strategies in Nothofagus antarctica forests     

Martínez Pastur  Guillermo José  Cellini  Juan M.  Chaves  Jimena E.  Rodríguez-Souilla  Julián  Benitez  Julieta  Rosas  Yamina M.  Soler  Rosina M.  Lencinas  María V.  Peri  Pablo L. 《Agroforestry Systems》2022,96(7):1039-1052

Agroforestry Systems - Sustainable forest management is proposed as a solution for many ecological and socio-economic trade-offs associated with different forest uses. In Patagonia, silvopastoral...  相似文献   

Bio-efficacy of the Essential Oil of Oregano (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Origanum vulgare</Emphasis> Lamiaceae. Ssp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hirtum</Emphasis>)     

Ezequiel?Grondona  Gerardo?Gatti  Abel?G.?López  Leonardo?Rodolfo?Sánchez  Virginia?Rivero  Oscar?Pessah  María?P.?Zunino  Andrés?A.?PonceEmail author 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2014,69(4):351-357

The aim of this study was to investigate the bioactivity of the essential oil isolated from Origanum vulgare L. (EOv). We analyzed the in vivo anti-inflammatory properties in a mouse-airway inflammation model and the in vitro antimicrobial activity, genotoxicity over the anaphase-telophase with the Allium cepa strain and its cytotoxicity/viability in A549 culture cells. In vivo, EOv modified the levels of tumor necrosis factor -α and viable activated macrophages and was capable to mitigate the effects of degradation of conjugated dienes. In vitro, EOv reduced the viability of cultured A549 cells as well as the mitotic index and a number of chromosomal aberrations; however, it did not change the number of phases. We found that EOv presents antimicrobial activity against different Gram (?) and (+) strains, measured by disc-diffusion test and confirmed with a more accurate method, the AutoCad software. We postulate that EOv presents antibacterial, antioxidant and chemopreventive properties and could be play an important role as bioprotector agent.  相似文献   

Estimation of endogenous protein and amino acid ileal losses in weaned piglets by regression analysis using diets with graded levels of casein     

Tércia Cesária Reis de Souza  Araceli Aguilera Barreyro  Gerardo Mariscal-Landín 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,(1):74-79

Background： Many studies have investigated endogenous loss of proteins and amino acids （AAs） at the ileal level in growing pigs. However, only a few studies have researched this subject in piglets. Knowledge regarding AA ileal digestibility in piglets would be helpful during the formulation of diets for weaning piglets, rather than just using coefficients obtained in growing pigs. Therefore, in this study, we sought to estimate endogenous protein and AA ileal losses in piglets. Furthermore, apparent and true ileal digestibility （AID and TID） of protein and AAs from casein were measured. Results： The average flow of protein was 20.8 g/kg of dry matter intake （DMI）. Basal protein loss, as estimated by regression, was 16.9 g/kg DMI. Glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid （2.2, 1.4, and 1.2 g/kg DMI, respectively） were the AAs for which greater losses were seen. The AID of protein and AAs increased as the protein level in the diet increased. A higher increment in AID was observed between diets with 80 and160 g CP/kg of feed; this finding was mainly attributable to increases in glycine and arginine （46.1% and 18%, respectively）. The TID of protein was 97.8, and the TID of AAs varied from 93.9 for histidine to 100.2 for phenylalanine. Conclusions： The basal endogenous protein loss in piglets was 16.9 g/kg DMI. Endogenous protein was rich in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine, which represented 32.7% of endogenous protein loss in weaning piglets. The TID of casein was high and varied from 93.0 for histidine to 100.2 for phenylalanine.  相似文献   

Thermal Stability of Selected Natural Red Extracts Used as Food Colorants     

José A. Fernández-López  José M. Angosto  Pedro J. Giménez  Gerardo León 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2013,68(1):11-17

The color degradation of aqueous solutions of six natural red pigment extracts (elderberry, red cabbage, hibiscus, red beet, Opuntia fruits and red cochineal) used commercially as food colorants was investigated at temperatures between 50 and 90 °C. Color degradation was studied in respect to both spectral properties and visual color. The remaining absorbance at 535 nm as a function of the incubation time and temperature was used to quantify the degradation process. Red cochineal was the most thermoresistant extract with a remaining absorbance of 95 % after 6 h at 90 °C. Anthocyanin extracts (elderberry, red cabbage, hibiscus) showed remaining absorbance percentages of 63.8, 46.1 and 26.7, respectively. Betacyanin extracts (red beet, Opuntia fruits) were the most thermosensitive maintaining only 12.5 and 1.7 %, respectively, of the initial absorbance at 535 nm. Applying a first-order kinetic model to the degradation processes, reaction rate constants (k) and half-life periods (t _1/2 ) were calculated. The temperature dependence of the degradation rate constant obeyed the Arrhenius relationship, with activation energies (E _a ) ranging between 3.02 and 53.37 kJ?mol^?1. The higher activation energy values indicated greater temperature sensitivity. Changes in visual color attributes corroborated the high thermal stability of the red cochineal extract.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Local Analgesic Effects of a Commercial Aqueous Extract of Sarracenia purpurea and Ammonium Sulfate in the Equine Abaxial Sesamoid Block Model     

Gerardo J. Campos  Tony C. Chacón  Francisco J. Cova  Sergio A. Flores  Jesús A. Rojas  Arnaldo J. Risso  Hector A. Zerpa González 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

Sarracenia purpurea is a carnivorous plant whose aqueous extracts have been proposed to exert analgesic effects by neurolytical action on peripheral nerves. The aim of this study was to determine the local analgesic effects of a commercially available aqueous extract solution of S. purpurea (P-Bloc, St. Joseph, Missouri) and a 1% ammonium sulfate solution, using the horse abaxial sesamoid block model. Twenty horses were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group (n = 10) was used to evaluate the effect of P-Bloc. The horses received a bilateral (medial and lateral) abaxial sesamoid block with 5 mL of P-Bloc in one random forelimb, while in the contralateral forelimb, they received either 5 mL of 2% lidocaine as a positive control (n = 5) or 5 mL of 0.9% NaCl as a negative control (n = 5). The second group (n = 10) was treated as the first but received 5 mL of 1% ammonium sulfate in NaCl (0.9% NaCl) solution instead of P-Bloc. The period of hoof withdrawal reflex latency (HWRL, in seconds) was measured using a custom-made heat projector lamp as a source of a noxious skin heating stimulus applied to the pastern. Lidocaine (2%) prolonged (P ≤ .05) the HWRL period, returning to the negative control basal values after 240 minutes. Neither the treatment with P-Bloc nor 1% ammonium sulfate modified the HWRL period. The lack of effect of these compounds in this model reinforces the results reported elsewhere and suggests a nonlocal anesthetic mechanism of action for the aqueous extract of S. purpurea in the horse.  相似文献   

The Correlation between Age,Body Weight and Testicular Parameters in Murrah Buffalo Bulls Raised in Brazil     

Patrícia Aparecida Cardoso da LUZ  Paulo Ramos da Silva SANTOS  Cristiana ANDRIGHETTO  André Mendes JORGE  Ant?nio Chaves de ASSIS NETO 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(1):14-17

Buffalo are an economically important source for meat and milk production, especially in Brazil. However, important aspects of their biology remain unknown thus far. Herein, we describe the reproductive characteristics of male Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) raised under extensive management conditions by applying biometrics associated with testicular weight. We analyzed seven males, divided into two groups: G1, which consisted of four 18-month-old animals, and G2, which consisted of three 24-month-old animals. Testicular development occurs slowly in Murrah buffalo, suggesting a delay of sexual maturity. The biometric testicular parameters analyzed were scrotal circumference, testicular weight, testicular length, testicular width, testicular thickness and testicular circumference. Our data indicate strong correlations between SC, age and body weight, and additional significant relationships were identified between body weight, age and other testicular parameters. Thus, these parameters are suitable indicators when selecting bulls for breeding purposes.  相似文献   

CLINICAL,IMAGING, AND PATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GURLTIA PARALYSANS MYELOPATHY IN DOMESTIC CATS FROM CHILE     

Marcelo Mieres  Marcelo A. Gómez  Carla Lillo  Marcela A. Rojas  Manuel Moroni  Pamela Muñoz  Gerardo Acosta‐Jamett  Ricardo Wiegand 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2013,54(3):237-244

Gurltia paralysans is a rare metastrongylid nematode of domestic cats that is found mainly in the veins of the spinal cord subarachnoid space and parenchyma. Endemic regions for G. paralysans mainly include Chile and Argentina. The ante mortem diagnosis of gurltiosis is difficult and based primarily on neurological signs, epidemiological factors, and the exclusion of other causes of feline myelopathies. The purpose of this retrospective case series was to describe clinical, imaging, and pathologic characteristics in nine domestic cats naturally infected with G. paralysans. Imaging tests included radiography, myelography, computed tomographic myelography (myelo‐CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neurological signs included paraparesis, paraplegia, pelvic limb ataxia and proprioceptive deficits, pelvic limb tremors, lumbosacral hyperesthesia, and tail trembling or atony. Complete blood count findings included a decrease in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration value in eight cats. Eosinophilia in peripheral blood was observed in three cats, and thrombocytopenia was observed in three cats. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed mononuclear pleocytosis in five cases. Myelo‐CT showed diffuse enlargement of the spinal cord at the midthoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions in all cats. Magnetic resonance image findings in the thoracic and lumbar region demonstrated multiple small nodular areas of T2 hyperintensity in the periphery of the spinal cord parenchyma. Localized intraparenchymal areas of increased T2 intensity were also observed in the thoracolumbar spinal cord and lumbosacral conus medullaris. In conclusion, G. paralysans should be considered as a differential diagnosis for domestic cats in endemic regions that have this combination of clinical and imaging characteristics.  相似文献   

Maintenance of fresh boysenberry fruit quality with UV-C light and heat treatments combined with low storage temperature     

Ariel Vicente  Bernardo Repice  Gustavo Martínez  Alicia Chaves  Pedro Civello 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):246-251

Summary

Mature boysenberries (Rubus hybrid) were harvested, heat-treated (45°C for 1 or 3 h or 47°C for 1 h) or exposed to UV-C light (2.3, 4.6 or 9.2 kJ m^–2), and stored at 20°C for 2 d. Fruit treated with 9.2 kJ m^–2 or 45°C for 1 h showed less damaged drupelets per fruit and/or remained firmer than untreated fruit after 2 d. Those treatments were selected for further analyses. In another experiment, boysenberries were either UV-C (9.2 kJ m^–2) or heat-treated (45°C for 1 h) and stored either at 20°C for 1 d or at 0°C for 4 d before transfer to 20°C for 1 d. Both UV-C and heat treatments reduced softening and/or fruit damage. Treated fruit had lower respiration rates and anthocyanin leakage than control fruit suggesting greater tissue integrity. Titratable acidity, pH, total sugar content and antioxidant activity in treated fruit showed fewer changes than in control fruit when stored at 20°C for 1 d. Results suggest that heat or UV-C treatment, alone or in combination with refrigerated storage, may be a useful non-chemical mean of maintaining boysenberry fruit quality and extending postharvest life.  相似文献   

A Sulfated-Polysaccharide Fraction from Seaweed Gracilaria birdiae Prevents Naproxen-Induced Gastrointestinal Damage in Rats     

Renan O. Silva  Ana Paula M. Santana  Nathalia S. Carvalho  Talita S. Bezerra  Camila B. Oliveira  Samara R. B. Damasceno  Luciano S. Chaves  Ana Lúcia P. Freitas  Pedro M. G. Soares  Marcellus H. L. P. Souza  André Luiz R. Barbosa  Jand-Venes R. Medeiros 《Marine drugs》2012,10(12):2618-2633

Red seaweeds synthesize a great variety of sulfated galactans. Sulfated polysaccharides (PLSs) from seaweed are comprised of substances with pharmaceutical and biomedical potential. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of the PLS fraction extracted from the seaweed Gracilaria birdiae in rats with naproxen-induced gastrointestinal damage. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (control group—vehicle) or PLS (10, 30, and 90 mg/kg, p.o.) twice daily (at 09:00 and 21:00) for 2 days. After 1 h, naproxen (80 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered. The rats were killed on day two, 4 h after naproxen treatment. The stomachs were promptly excised, opened along the greater curvature, and measured using digital calipers. Furthermore, the guts of the animals were removed, and a 5-cm portion of the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) was used for the evaluation of macroscopic scores. Samples of the stomach and the small intestine were used for histological evaluation, morphometric analysis and in assays for glutathione (GSH) levels, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. PLS treatment reduced the macroscopic and microscopic naproxen-induced gastrointestinal damage in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that the PLS fraction has a protective effect against gastrointestinal damage through mechanisms that involve the inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration and lipid peroxidation.  相似文献   

Evaluating potassium phosphonate injections for the control of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus ilex</Emphasis> decline in SW Spain: implications of low soil contamination by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora cinnamomi</Emphasis> and low soil water content on the effectiveness of treatments     

Alejandro Solla  Lorena García  Andrea Pérez  Ana Cordero  Elena Cubera  Gerardo Moreno 《Phytoparasitica》2009,37(4):303-316

The Iberian forests are suffering severe disease and mortality as a result of decline, with Quercus ilex the major species at risk. Trunk injections with potassium phosphonate, which have been used successfully to control Phytophthora cinnamomi, were tested against decline. In an area in which P. cinnamomi was isolated, Q. ilex trees showing different degrees of decline were trunk-injected. Soil properties, and measurements of soil water content (θ) and depth to soil water table were assessed at three sites with markedly different decline incidences. Over the 5 years following the initiation of the experiment, mean symptoms among spring-treated trees and autumn-treated trees, or among trees injected twice a year (spring and autumn), once a year, and non-injected, were not significantly different. No effects of the treatments on shoot growth and acorn production were observed. However, θ values under trees which recovered from decline were higher than θ values under trees which did not recover from decline. At the site with the highest incidence of decline and tree mortality, P. cinnamomi was rarely isolated, and the presence of gravel, soil infiltration capacities and water table depth values were significantly higher than at the other sites, water stress being more likely to contribute to decline than P. cinnamomi. In areas in which θ is low, the distribution of phosphonate on the tree would be limited. Since the thresholds for phytotoxicity of potassium phosphonate in Q. ilex trees at the site studied would be higher than the amounts used, rates of the chemical slightly less than those that cause phytotoxicity should be tested.  相似文献