Influence of different copper and zinc supply on their concentrations in blood serum, liver and hair of dairy cows     

Spolders M  Sun H  Wähner M  Grün M  Rehage J  Flachowsky G 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2008,121(7-8):278-285

In a feeding trial at the Institute of Animal Nutrition of the Federal Research Institute of Animal Health (FLI) over 12 weeks with 20 cows of the German Holstein Breed the influence of different copper and zinc contents in the ration on their concentration in blood serum, liver and hair was tested. All animals received a diet based on maize- and grass silage ad libitum. The animals were divided in two groups with 10 cows each; group A received a concentrate according to their milk yield with a copper and zinc content as recommended (GfE 2001), whereas group B was offered a concentrate with roughly the double amount of copper and zinc. At the beginning and at the end of the trial a sample of blood, pigmented hair and a liver bioptate was taken from all animals to evaluate the incorporation of copper and zinc in these tissues. In serum and pigmented hair the copper concentrations did not differ between the two groups [13.4 for Group A and 12.5 micromol/L for Group B in serum respectively 6.8 (Group A) and 7.4 mg/kg DM (Group B) in pigmented hair]. Only the copper concentration in the liver was influenced by the different feeding. The higher copper content for group B resulted in a significantly higher copper concentration in the liver (506 mg/kg DM compared to 383 mg/kg DM). The liver is the best indicator organ for a sufficient copper supply. An increase in the zinc content in the ration resulted neither in higher zinc concentrations in serum (15.1 in Group B in comparison to 13.4 micromol/L for Group A) nor in higher zinc concentrations in liver (140 for Group B and 112 mg/kg DM for Group A) and pigmented hair (130 in Group A and 123 mg/kg DM in Group B). There is a significant correlation between copper intake and copper concentration in the liver (r = 0.46), whereas the correlation between zinc intake and zinc concentration in the liver is only tendencially (r = 0.23). The three tested samples serum, liver and cow hair are not qualified to reflect exactly a sufficient zinc supply.  相似文献   

Intraoperative and major postoperative complications and survival of dogs undergoing surgical management of epiglottic retroversion: 50 dogs (2003‐2017)     

Ronan A. Mullins  Bryden J. Stanley  James A. Flanders  Pablo Prez Lpez  Francesco Collivignarelli  Ronan S. Doyle  Riccarda Schuenemann  Gerhard Oechtering  Michele A. Steffey  Victoria J. Lipscomb  Robert J. Hardie  Barbara M. Kirby  Aidan B. McAlinden 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2019,48(5):803-819

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Diagnosis and management of odontogenic myxoma in a dog     

Meyers B  Boy SC  Steenkamp G 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2007,24(3):166-171

A three-year-old Jack Russell terrier dog was presented with a large gingival mass of the right mandible extending from the fourth premolar to the first molar teeth. Radiographic examination of the expansile mass revealed moth-eaten, honeycomb-like lyses of the mandible and extended into the mandibular alveolar canal based on computed tomography. The histopathological diagnosis of the biopsy was odontogenic fibromyxoma. Mandibulectomy with resection of the associated soft tissues was performed. Surgical management was curative with no clinical signs of disease 2-years after treatment. These neoplasms are slow growing, locally destructive tumors of odontogenic origin that have been described in the jaw of only one dog. In this paper, the clinico-radiological and pathologic features, diagnostic modalities as well as the factors that might influence treatment outcome of odontogenic myxomas are discussed. These odontogenic tumors are currently excluded from the WHO classification of odontogenic tumors in domestic animals and inclusion in future classifications systems is proposed.  相似文献   

PAK-Abnahmen in Bodenproben verschiedener Altlaststandorte bei Aktivierung der autochthonen Mikroflora     

Sren Thiele  Gerhard W. Brümmer 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1998,161(3):221-227

PAH decrease in soil samples from different polluted industrial sites by activating the autochthonous microflora In pot experiments under field conditions the PAH decrease in ten different soil samples from former industrial sites with differing PAH load were investigated over a period of 74 and 168 weeks. 15 out of 16 PAH according to US EPA (without acenaphthylene) were determined. Easily degradable organic matter, mineral fertilizers, synthetic surfactants and in some experiments also lime were added to the soil samples in varying amounts. Depending on the nature and quantity of the amendments, the biological activity and (co-)metabolic decomposition of PAH by soil microorganisms could considerably be increased. In the different soil samples a decrease of the initial PAH contents between 12 and 90% was achieved within 74 weeks. Even from 74 up to 168 weeks for some soil samples a remarkable further decrease of the PAH contents could be observed. The decrease of the extractable PAH with time is mainly caused by microbial decomposition and formation of nonextractable residues. This behavior can be fitted by two coupled exponential functions, one for an initial phase of rapid decomposition and the other for a subsequent phase of slow decomposition. Therefore, two different processes (I, II) determine the decrease of PAH. In the first week of the experiment the decomposition rates for process I amount to 4.2–88.3 and for process II to 0.06–5.3 mg PAH ? kg^?1 soil ? week^?1; in the 168th week they are no longer determinable for process I and amount to 0.05–2.3 mg ? kg^?1 ? week' for process II. Higher initial PAH contents often led to higher relative PAH decreases, but also to absolute higher contents of residues. The persistence of PAH is mainly determined by their bioavailability. PAH degradation is increased by the soil treatments. The addition of easily degradable organic matter (C/N ratio < 20) in a quantity of 30g ? kg^?1 (w/w) combined with the addition of nitrate and a surfactant most effectively increased the degradation of PAH. Raising the pH of a very strongly acidic soil sample revealed a maximum PAH decomposition at a pH of 6.  相似文献   

Adsorption and solubility of ten metals in soil samples of different composition     

Gerhard Welp  Gerhard W. Brümmer 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1999,162(2):155-161

We conducted batch experiments for ten metals [Mg, Cr(III), Fe(III), Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Cd, Pb] and four soil samples of different composition to determine the relation of the soluble fraction (’intensity’︁) to an adsorbed or precipitated metal pool (’quantity’︁) and, thus, to investigate the buffer function of soils. The soil samples were spiked with 6 to 12 exponentially increasing metal doses added as metal nitrates. The native metal pool involved in sorption processes was characterized by an extraction with 0.025 M (NH₄)₂EDTA (pH 4.6). The quantity-intensity (Q/I) relations of eight metals [except Cr(III) and Fe(III)] were governed by sorption and complexation processes and can be fitted by Freundlich isotherms. Q/I relations for Cr(III) and two soils indicate a sorption maximum, which can be approximated with the Langmuir isotherm. In a calcareous soil high Cr doses induced the precipitation of a Cr oxide. The solution concentrations of Fe are primarily a function of the pH-dependent solubility of ferrihydrite. For all metals pH was the predominant factor controlling the partitioning between the solid and the liquid phase. Drastic losses in the buffer function of soils primarily occurred in the slightly acidic range. Furthermore, adsorption was also metal specific. On the basis of median Freundlich K values, adsorption increased in the order [median K_F values and K_F range (mg kg^—1) in brackets]: Mg (2.9: 0.9—19) < Sr (4.7: 0.6—21) << Co (17.7: 1.1—143) < Zn (26.7: 1.8—301) = Ni (27.6: 2.4—120) < Cd (71: 2.5—405) << Cr(III) (329: 45—746) < Cu (352: 30—1200) < Pb (1730: 76—4110).  相似文献   

Ursachen kleinräumiger Ertragsschwankungen im bayerischen Tertiärhügelland und Folgerungen für eine teilschlagbezogene Düngung     

Franz-X. Maidl  Renate Brunner  Ewald Sticksel  Gerhard Fischbeck 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1999,162(3):337-342

Site effects of small-scale yield variation in the Tertiary hills north of Munich (Germany) and conclusions for site specific farming The effect of numerous soil factors on small-scale yield variation of winter wheat and spring barley were examined: soil structure and soil texture, soil nitrate content and soil water at different times, P_CAL-, K_CAL-, N_t- and C_t-content, pH, soil microbiology characteristics, relief, root growth and important plant diseases. The varying annual influence of soil parameters on crop yield was interrelated with climatic factors. In soils with low sand content soil productivity was largely influenced by soil structure. This effect was less pronounced on soils with medium sand content. On sandy soils, however, yield was reduced by available water capacity. Yield potential was also lowered by frequent cereal growing associated with take-all root desease of winter wheat. High yield variation from year to year confirmed that a site-specific crop management should consider annual variability of yield in addition to soil conditions and yield measurement. Site-specific N fertilization should be adapted to the actual progress of plant growth.  相似文献   

Quantitative trait loci mapping of forage agronomic traits in six mapping populations derived from European elite maize germplasm          下载免费PDF全文

Pengfei Leng  Milena Ouzunova  Matthias Landbeck  Gerhard Wenzel  Joachim Eder  Birte Darnhofer  Thomas Lübberstedt 《Plant Breeding》2018,137(3):370-378

Four agronomic traits were analysed including dry matter concentration (DMC) and dry matter yield (DMY) for stover, plant height (PHT) and days from planting to silking (DPS). We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) in three populations with doubled haploid lines (DHL), one RIL population and two testcross (TC) populations derived from crosses between two of the four populations mentioned above to elite tester lines, based on field phenotyping at multiple locations and years for each; 146–168 SSRs were used for genotyping of the four mapping populations. Significant high phenotypic and genotypic correlations were found for all traits at two locations, while DMC was negatively correlated with the other traits. A total of 42, 41, 54, and 45 QTL were identified for DMC, DMY, PHT, and DPS, respectively, with 9, 7, 12, and 7 major QTL for each trait. Most detected QTL displayed significant interactions with environment. Major QTL detected in more than two populations will contribute to marker‐assisted breeding and also to fine mapping candidate genes associated with maize agronomic traits.  相似文献   

Repeated monitoring of organic carbon stocks after eight years reveals carbon losses from intensively managed agricultural soils in Western Germany   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Thomas Steinmann  Gerhard Welp  Andreas Wolf  Britta Holbeck  Thomas Große‐Rüschkamp  Wulf Amelung 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2016,179(3):355-366

Past land‐use changes, intensive cropping with large proportions of root crops, and preferred use of mineral fertilizer have been made responsible for proceeding losses of soil organic C (SOC) in the plough layer. We hypothesized that in intensive agriculturally managed regions changes in SOC stocks would be detectable within a decade. To test this hypothesis, we tracked the temporal development of the concentrations and stocks of SOC in 268 arable sites, sampled by horizon down to 60 cm in the Cologne‐Bonn region, W Germany, in 2005 and in 2013. We then related these changes to soil management data and humus balances obtained from farmers' surveys. As we expected that changes in SOC concentrations might at least in part be minor, we fractionated soils from 38 representative sites according to particle size in order to obtain C pools of different stability. We found that SOC concentrations had increased significantly in the topsoil (from 9.4 g kg^?1 in 2005 to 9.8 g kg^?1 in 2013), but had decreased significantly in the subsoil (from 4.1 g kg^?1 in 2005 to 3.5 g kg^?­1 in 2013). Intriguingly, these changes were due to changes in mineral‐bound SOC rather than to changes in sand‐sized organic matter pools. As bulk density decreased, the overall SOC stocks in the upper 60 cm exhibited a SOC loss of nearly 0.6 t C (ha · y)^?1 after correction by the equivalent soil mass method. This loss was most pronounced for sandy soils [?0.73 t SOC (ha · y)^?1], and less pronounced for loamy soils [?0.64 t SOC (ha · y)^?1]; silty soils revealed the smallest reduction in SOC [?0.3 t SOC (ha · y)^?1]. Losses of SOC occurred even with the overall humus balances having increased positively from about 20 kg C (ha · y)^?1 (2003–2005) to about 133 kg C (ha · y)^?1 (2005–2013) due to an improved organic fertilization and intercropping. We conclude that current management may fail to raise overall SOC stocks. In our study area SOC stocks even continued to decline, despite humus conservation practice, likely because past land use conversions (before 2005) still affect SOC dynamics.  相似文献   

Characterization of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) incidence and new variants from ornamentals     

Jaroslav Matoušek  Rajen J. J. Piernikarczyk  Petr Dědič  Josef Mertelík  Kateřina Uhlířová  Ganesh S. Duraisamy  Lidmila Orctová  Kateřina Kloudová  Jiří Ptáček  Gerhard Steger 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,138(1):93-101

We analyzed the spreading and persistence of PSTVd variants in several ornamentals in the territory of the Czech Republic. The pool of PSTVd variants detected in Solanum jasminoides, S. muricatum, Datura sp. and Brugmansia sp. was biolistically transferred to Matricaria chamomilla, Argyranthemum frutescens and Diascia sp., species which we found as sensitive hosts for PSTVd from ornamentals. The PSTVd pool showed sequence changes and increased variation after its transfer to potato, suggesting a wide adaptation potential of PSTVd in this crop. Potato exhibited genotype-dependent leaf and spindle tuber symptoms, when inoculated with the sap from S. jasminoides infected with the predominant and sequence-stable PSTVd-S1.  相似文献   

Fungizidleistung von Wirkstoffgruppen mit unterschiedlichen Mode of action gegen Braunrost (Puccinia recondita f.sp.secalis Rob.ex Desm.) in Winterroggen     

Stefania Kupfer  Gerhard Schröder 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2014,66(2):69-78

The economically most damaging disease to winter rye is brown rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp.secalis Rob.ex Desm.). There are fungicides of different drug groups in order to fight brown rust in agriculture. Usually mixtures of different active ingredients with different modes of action can be used for the treatment of fungal pathogens. In experiments single agents like pyrazole-carboxamides, azoles and strobilurines were compared to drug combination products like azole strobilurin, azole-carboxamide, or azole carboxamide-strobilurin mixture and their fungicide performance was determined. The active ingredients Epoxiconazole, Pyraclostrobin, and Fluxapyroxad were tested. In eight trials from 2012 to 2013 Fluxapyroxad reached the highest levels of efficiency for P. recondita. Pyraclostrobin or the combination of Pyraclostrobin and Epoxiconazole showed higher efficiencies than Epoxiconazole or the combination of Epoxiconazole and Metconazole in all trials. The thousand seed weight and income from the harvest reflect the efficiency against P. recondita. Both azole strobilurin mixtures as well as the azole carboxamide mixtures are suitable for the control of leaf rust in agriculture. In order to minimize the risk of resistance to strobilurin and azole carboxamide mixtures should be used alternately.  相似文献