Factorial analysis of the effect of sugarbeet vinasses on agroecological indices in horticultural field     

Miguel Angel Diez-Rojo  ;Jose Antomo Lopez-Perez  ;Maria Rosa Gonzalez-Lopez  ;Ana Piedra Buend  ;Antonio Bello  ;Gonzalo Almendros 《农业科学与技术》2009,(8):31-39

The impact on soil of applying sugarbeet vinasses （V） was analyzed through a field experiment in horticulture greenhouse, arranged in a 23 factorial design. Two levels of three independent variables--application of V, use of polyethylene cover （PC） on the soil. and soil depth （D）---on various dependent variables were studied. Vinasses favoured crop yield and reduced the number of Meloidogyne incognita juveniles in soil. The concentrations ofN. P and K increased with the interaction VxD, with PC also increasing N concentration. The amounts of humic acids and humin decreased with D; fulvic acid concentration increased with V, but decreased with the interaction VxPC. Soil physical factors were improved mainly with D and V. Aromaticity of humic acid-like fractions increased ~＇itb V. In general, V showed significant effects mainly on the topsoil, suggesting low leaching risks. The results indicate that the levels of the independent factors improving a group of variables were not the same that those contributing to another group. Therefore, their best combination should be determined for each scenario to achieve optimum agroecological performance.  相似文献   

Bentazone Leaching in Spanish Soils     

Esperanza Romero  Francisco Snchez-Rasero  Aranzazu Pea  Clara de la Colina  Gonzalo Dios 《Pest management science》1996,47(1):7-15

Adsorption, incubation and soil-column experiments with bentazone [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] were carried out in ten different soils from the marches surrounding the Doñana National Park (Huelva, SW Spain). Adsorption isotherms for the different soils showed a good fit with the Freundlich equation. Bentazone was poorly adsorbed in all the soils studied, with no significant relationship between theK_f values and soil characteristics. A significant correlation was obtained between the soil organic matter content and the distribution constant values (K_d) calculated at an equilibrium concentration of 200 μg cm⁻³. The low adsorption and non-degradation of bentazone on these soils suggest that the herbicide readily percolates through soils to reach the surface and ground waters. The mobility of bentazone through three soil columns was also studied. The mass balances carried out showed that bentazone was totally eluted from the soil columns. The theoretical model applied to explain bentazone leaching under our experimental conditions seems to be suitable for soil columns with a uniform water-flow rate.  相似文献   

The acute phase response induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide modifies the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of florfenicol in rabbits          下载免费PDF全文

R. Pérez  C. Palma  R. Burgos  J. A. Jeldres  A. Espinoza  A. K. Peñailillo 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2016,39(2):183-190

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute phase response (APR) on the pharmaco‐kinetics and biotransformation of florfenicol (FFC) in rabbits. Six rabbits (3.0 ± 0.08 kg body weight (bw)) were distributed through a crossover design with 4 weeks of washout period. Pairs of rabbits similar in bw and sex were assigned to experimental groups: Group 1 (LPS) was treated with three intravenous doses of 1 μg/kg bw of E. coli LPS at intervals of 6 h, and Group 2 (control) was treated with an equivalent volume of saline solution (SS) at the same intervals and frequency of Group 1. At 24 h after the first injection of LPS or SS, an intravenous bolus of 20 mg/kg bw of FFC was administered. Blood samples were collected from the auricular vein before drug administration and at different times between 0.05 and 24.0 h after treatment. FFC and florfenicol‐amine (FFC‐a) were extracted from the plasma, and their concentrations were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. A noncompartmental pharmacokinetic model was used for data analysis, and data were compared using the paired Student t‐test. The mean values of AUC_0–∞ in the endotoxaemic rabbits (26.3 ± 2.7 μg·h/mL) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than values observed in healthy rabbits (17.2 ± 0.97 μg·h/mL). The total mean plasma clearance (CL_T) decreased from 1228 ± 107.5 mL·h/kg in the control group to 806.4 ± 91.4 mL·h/kg in the LPS‐treated rabbits. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in the half‐life of elimination was observed in the endotoxaemic rabbits (5.59 ± 1.14 h) compared to the values observed in healthy animals (3.44 ± 0.57 h). In conclusion, the administration of repeated doses of 1 μg/kg E. coli LPS induced an APR in rabbits, producing significant modifications in plasma concentrations of FFC leading to increases in the AUC, terminal half‐life and mean residence time (MRT), but a significant decrease in CL_T of the drug. As a consequence of the APR induced by LPS, there was a reduction in the metabolic conversion of FFC to their metabolite FFC‐a in the liver, suggesting that the mediators released during the APR induced significant inhibitory effects on the hepatic drug‐metabolizing enzymes.  相似文献   

Effect of marine by‐product meals on hen egg production parameters,yolk lipid composition and sensory quality          下载免费PDF全文

E. Toyes‐Vargas  R. Ortega‐Pérez  J. L. Espinoza‐Villavicencio  M. Arellano‐Pérez  R. Civera  E. Palacios 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(2):462-473

The effect of including 5% marine by‐product meals in feeds of laying hens on egg production, composition and sensory characteristics was tested. Marine by‐product meals were prepared using two methods: (i) cooking (100°C/10 min) followed by drying (60°C/24 hr) or (ii) grinding followed by drying. The raw materials used for meal production were scallop or squid viscera, shrimp heads or whole mackerel. A total of 108 laying hens were allocated to nine diet treatments; one control diet (corn and soya bean based) and eight experimental diets, containing 95% of the control feed and 5% of the experimental meal for three weeks. Daily intake was higher in hens fed the dried mackerel and cooked shrimp meals. All the experimental treatments showed significantly higher concentration of n‐3 HUFA in yolk reserves and phospholipids compared to the control (0.12–0.13 g per 100 g), especially those with scallop or squid prepared by both methods (0.53–0.95 g per 100 g). Scallop, squid and shrimp meal inclusion in the feed produced eggs with more astaxanthin (0.22 mg per 100 g) while this carotenoid was absent in the control and mackerel treatments. Visual evaluation of raw yolk colour increased with the inclusion of marine by‐product meals with higher values in hens fed shrimp heads (13), followed by scallop viscera (11), squid viscera (9), and with similar values for mackerel and control (4). The taste, aroma, texture and colour of cooked eggs from different treatments were not statically different when evaluated by a panel of 60 untrained people. These results suggest that meals from marine by‐products are a better alternative for improving egg yolk composition by increasing n‐3 HUFA when compared to fishmeal as they also increase astaxanthin and yolk pigmentation without affecting egg sensory characteristics.  相似文献   

Raw or incubated olive-mill wastes and its biotransformed products as agricultural soil amendments-effect on sorption-desorption of triazine herbicides     

Delgado-Moreno L  Almendros G  Peña A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(3):836-843

Raw olive-mill waste and soil amendments obtained from their traditional composting or vermicomposting were added, at rates equivalent to 200 Mg ha-1, to a calcareous silty clay loam soil in a laboratory test, in order to improve its fertility and physicochemical characteristics. In particular, the effects on the sorption-desorption processes of four triazine herbicides have been examined. We found that comparatively hydrophobic herbicides terbuthylazine and prometryn increased their retention on amended soil whereas the more polar herbicides simazine and cyanazine were less affected. Soil application of olive cake, without transformation, resulted in the highest herbicide retention. Its relatively high content in aliphatic fractions and lipids could explain the increased herbicide retention through hydrophobic bonding and herbicide diffusion favored by poorly condensed macromolecular structures. On the other hand, the condensed aromatic structure of the compost and vermicompost from olive cake could hinder diffusion processes, resulting in lower herbicide sorption. In fact, the progressive humification in soil of olive-mill solid waste led to a decrease of sorption capacity, which suggested important changes in organic matter quality and interactions during the mineralization process. When soil amended with vermicompost was incubated for different periods of time, the enhanced herbicide sorption capacity persisted for 2 months. Pesticide desorption was reduced by the addition of fresh amendments but was enhanced during the transformation process of amendments in soil. Our results indicate the potential of soil amendments based on olive-mill wastes in the controlled, selective release of triazine herbicides, which varies depending on the maturity achieved by their biological transformation.  相似文献   

Characterization of the humoral immune response in alpacas (Lama pacos) experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica against cysteine proteinases Fas1 and Fas2 and histopathological findings     

Timoteo O  Maco V  Maco V  Neyra V  Yi PJ  Leguía G  Espinoza JR 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2005,106(1-2):77-86

A characterization of the humoral immune response of alpacas to Fasciola hepatica Fas1 and Fas2 antigens, two abundant cysteine proteinases in the excretory/secretory (E/S) products, was performed over the course of 6 months of experimental infection. Six adult alpacas aged 1-2 years old received a single dose of 200 F. hepatica metacercariae; two non-infected alpacas were kept as control group. All infected animals shed eggs 8 weeks post-infection (PI) and the number of flukes recovered at necropsy averaged 41+/-4. The livers of infected animals showed regions with chronic inflammation, granuloma containing parasite eggs, necrosis and cirrhosis. Peripheral eosinophilia in infected animals was greatly enhanced 6 weeks post-infection and later. A single peak of serum glutamic piruvic transaminase (SGPT) was observed 4 weeks PI and serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) elevated 3 weeks PI and later. Circulating IgG Abs against Fas1 and Fas2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fas2-ELISA detected the infection 10 days PI reaching to highest titer on 7-8 weeks PI and kept elevated, until the end of infection. Fas1-ELISA detected the infection 2 weeks PI and followed the same pattern as Fas2-ELISA. Anti Fas2 IgG Abs were in higher titers and showed stronger avidity than anti Fas1 IgG Abs. In addition, rabbit IgG antibodies raised against cysteine proteinase Fas2 showed infiltration of this parasite antigen associated to the degradation of bile ducts and liver parenchyma of infected alpacas. In the present study we have established a F. hepatica experimental infection of alpacas, Fas2 appears to have a role in the pathogenesis of the liver damage in alpacas caused by the liver fluke. Infected alpacas elicited a strong humoral immune response against fluke cysteine proteinases Fas1 and Fas2, which might be considered as candidates for immunodiagnosis and vaccine development against fasciolosis in alpacas.  相似文献   

Time course of endocrine changes in the hypophysis-gonad axis induced by hypobaric hypoxia in male rats     

Farias JG  Bustos-Obregón E  Tapia PJ  Gutierrez E  Zepeda A  Juantok C  Cruz G  Soto G  Benites J  Reyes JG 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2008,54(1):18-21

Chronic hypobaric hypoxia (CHH) induces a decrease in sperm output and spermatogenesis in male rats. The mechanisms that underlie these changes in testicular function are unknown and could involve changes in the hypophysis-gonad axis. We have tested the hypothesis that changes take place in the endocrine status (FSH, follicle stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; testosterone) of rats subjected to CHH. Male Wistar rats were maintained under normobaric or hypobaric conditions (428 torr, 4,600 m). On days 0, 5, 15 and 30 post-exposure, 12 rats were anesthetized, their body weights were measured and blood samples were collected. The testicles were fixed in 4% formaldehyde and processed for histological analysis. In this time course, the FSH levels rose by day 5 post-exposure. On subsequent days, the FSH levels decreased in rats subjected to CHH with a tendency to remain higher than the normoxic group. The LH plasma levels decreased in rats exposed to CHH. Consistent with the decrease in LH levels, the plasma testosterone level decreased significantly after 30 days of CHH exposure. Integrated analysis of hormonal changes in rats subjected to CHH and the body dehydration that occurs in HH allows us to conclude that the effects of CHH on spermatogenesis may be partially related to changes in the hypophysis-gonad hormonal axis.  相似文献   

NPAS2: a gas-responsive transcription factor     

Dioum EM  Rutter J  Tuckerman JR  Gonzalez G  Gilles-Gonzalez MA  McKnight SL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5602):2385-2387

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Sorption-desorption of alachlor and linuron in a semiarid soil as influenced by organic matter properties after 16 years of periodic inputs     

Dorado J  López-Fando C  Zancada MC  Almendros G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(13):5359-5365

The effect of management practices on soil potential for regulating the residual concentration of pesticides was examined in samples from a Calcic Haploxeralf in Toledo (central Spain). Sorption-desorption of alachlor and linuron was found to depend on inputs of lignocelullosic wastes or cattle manure for the past 16 years. For a given herbicide, the soil sorption capacity (K(f)) follows the order control < crop residues < manure, which is consistent with the organic C content in the soil samples. Some structural characteristics of the soil humic acid as revealed by visible and infrared spectroscopies and analytical pyrolysis were useful to forecast the sorption-desorption intensity. Simple and multiple linear correlation analyses illustrate enhanced sorption of alachlor and linuron in soil plots where slightly altered soil organic matter accumulated (positive correlations with the intensity of infrared lignin signature band and with the methoxyphenol yields after pyrolysis of the humic acids and negative correlation with the aromaticity as pointed out by the optical density at 465 nm). Linuron showed a preference for soils with humic acids of low molecular weight and low degree of internal cross-linking, as inferred from the positive correlation with the ratio between optical densities at 465 and 665 nm. Under the conditions of the present experiment, agricultural practices including organic amendments seem to have a beneficial effect in the control of leaching and sorption of pesticides.  相似文献   

Influence of different drying and aging conditions on saffron constituents     

Carmona M  Zalacain A  Pardo JE  López E  Alvarruiz A  Alonso GL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(10):3974-3979

A dehydration postharvesting treatment is necessary to convert Crocus sativus L. stigmas into saffron spice. Three different dehydration treatments were evaluated: dehydration at room temperature; dehydration with hot air at different temperatures (70, 90, and 110 degrees C); and dehydration following traditional processing in Castille-La Mancha (Spain) with three different heating sources (vineshoot charcoal, gas cooker, and electric coil). The time (between 28 and 55 min) and mean temperature (between 54 and 83 degrees C) conditions for traditional dehydration were established for the first time. The highest coloring strength was obtained when saffron was submitted to higher temperatures and lower times. These findings may be supported by the fact that samples dehydrated at high temperature were more porous than those dehydrated at room temperature, as was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The higher the temperature during the process, the higher the proportion of trans-crocetin di-(beta-D-gentibiosyl) ester, although trans-crocetin (beta-D-glucosyl)-(beta-D-gentibiosyl) and trans-crocetin di-(beta-D-glucosyl) ester decrease while cis-crocins did not change significantly. A thermal aging process reveals that the trans-crocetin di-(beta-D-gentibiosyl) ester increases when saffron is resubmitted to a heating treatment before it is decomposed by the extreme conditions. The picrocrocin extinction during the aging process does not imply a consistent generation of safranal.  相似文献