Effects of food withdrawal and transport on 5- to 10-day-old calves     

Todd SE  Mellor DJ  Stafford KJ  Gregory NG  Bruce RA  Ward RN 《Research in veterinary science》2000,68(2):125-134

The effects of food withdrawal for 30 hours and transport for up to 12 hours on 5- to 10-day-old calves were determined by monitoring plasma concentrations of glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, urea, lactate and creatine phosphokinase. In addition gamma-glutamyl transferase activity, packed cell volume, total plasma protein concentration, bodyweight and rectal temperature were recorded. Food withdrawal for 30 hours caused hypoglycemia but calves maintained normothermia and although their beta-hydroxybutyrate level increased indicating lipid mobilisation, the changes in blood urea level were minimal indicating low amino acid catabolism. When calves were transported for 12 hours in addition to having food withdrawn for 30 hours, they remained normoglycemic for six hours longer than non-transported calves, probably due to an effect of muscular activity during bracing against truck movements. Stocking calves at a lower density during transport apparently had a beneficial effect, as calves were able to lie down throughout the journey and therefore produced a similar metabolic profile to resting, non-transported animals. Transport and food withdrawal had no obvious effects on calf hydration. The results of this study suggest that food withdrawal for up to 30 hours and transport for up to 12 hours had no detrimental effects on the metabolism of healthy and clinically normal calves. With correct feeding regimes and transport protocols, welfare compromise in young, healthy calves being transported for up to 12 hours can be minimised when they are slaughtered within 30 hours of the start of transport.  相似文献   

Renal transplantation in cats     

Bernsteen L  Gregory CR  Kyles AE  Wooldridge JD  Valverde CR 《Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice》2000,15(1):40-45

Feline renal transplantation can offer long-term survival with a normal quality of life for cats with renal failure. However, it is important to remember that renal transplantation is a treatment option and not a cure. Renal transplantation is never performed on an emergency basis or prophylactically. Feline renal transplantation requires special microvascular instruments and an operating microscope. Careful patient selection and perioperative monitoring have improved the success rate. The new microemulsified form of cyclosporine is recommended for immunosuppression. As survival times have steadily improved, long-term complications, such as diabetes and neoplasia, are now being recognized.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen in the green iguana (Iguana iguana) following single intravenous and intramuscular injections.     

Allison D Tuttle  Mark Papich  Gregory A Lewbart  Shane Christian  Conny Gunkel  Craig A Harms 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2006,37(4):567-570

The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug ketoprofen (KTP) is a commonly used antiinflammatory and analgesic agent in reptile medicine, but no studies documenting its pharmacokinetics in this species have been published. Ketoprofen was administered as a racemic mixture to green iguanas (Iguana iguana) intravenously (i.v.) and intramuscularly (i.m.) at 2 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed and indicated that ketoprofen in iguanas administered by the intravenous route has a classical two-compartmental distribution pattern, a slow clearance (67 ml/ kg/hr) and a long terminal half-life (31 hr) compared to ketoprofen studies reported in mammals. When delivered by the intramuscular route, bioavailability was 78%. These data indicate the daily dosing that is generally recommended for reptile patients, as an extrapolation from mammalian data, may be more frequent than necessary.  相似文献   

The Effect of Levothyroxine Treatment on Resting Energy Expenditure of Hypothyroid Dogs     

Deborah S. Greco  Rod A.W. Rosychuk  Gregory K. Ogilvie  Lynn M. Harpold  Camilla H. Van  Liew 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1998,12(1):7-10

Thirty adult, client-owned dogs were diagnosed with hypothyroidism based on history, physical examination findings, hematologic and biochemical abnormalities, thyrotropin (TSH) response testing, endogenous canine thyrotropin (cTSH) concentration, or both, and total serum thryoxine concentration. All dogs received levothyroxine (L-thyroxine) at an initial dose of 22 μg/kg PO sid in either a tablet (13 dogs) or chewable form (17 dogs). Energy expenditure of each dog during apparent rest was estimated with an open-flow indirect calorimetry system by determining the rates of carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption. Energy expenditure of apparent rest (EE) was lower in untreated hypothyroid dogs compared with reference values for EE. After treatment with L-thyroxine, EE of the hypothyroid dogs was significantly ( P < .05) higher than pretreatment values.  相似文献   

THE DURAL TAIL SIGN IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF MENINGIOMAS   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

John P.  Graham  MVB  MSc  Susan M.  Newell  DVM  MS  Andra K.  Voges  DVM  Gregory D.  Roberts  DVM  MS  Jay M.  Harrison  MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1998,39(4):297-302

In humans the dural tail is a sign seen on contrast enhanced T1 weighted magnetic resonance images. This finding is considered specific for meningioma. The purpose of this study was to determine how often the dural tail occurs in cats and dogs and whether it is a specific sign for meningiomas in these species. MR examinations for eighteen dogs and four cats with proven diagnoses were reviewed. Diagnoses included ten meningiomas (seven dogs and three cats), three gliomas, two pituitary tumors, single examples of two other tumor types and five patients with mass lesions due to inflammatory disease. Contrast enhanced T1 weighted images were evaluated independently by three of the authors for the presence of a dural tail, without knowledge of the diagnoses. The results were compared to the diagnosis for each patient and the performance of individual reviewers compared. When their results were averaged, the reviewers reported the presence of a dural tail in 6 of 10 (60%) meningiomas, although detection varied between observers from 40% to 80%. Each reviewer had one false positive result, two reported a dural tail with a chromophobe adenocarcinoma and one with a toxoplasma meningoencephalitis. When a dural tail is seen an associated mass is most likely a meningioma. It is uncertain whether the dural tail represents neoplastic infiltration beyond the margins of the meningioma. This should be considered when planning treatment.  相似文献   

QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SURGICALLY INDUCED MITRAL REGURGITATION USING RADIONUCLIDE VENTRICULOGRAPHY AND FIRST PASS RADIONUCLIDE ANGIOGRAPHY     

Gregory B.  Daniel  DVM  MS  Kyle K.  Kerstetter  DVM  Jill E.  Sackman  DVM  PhD  Janice M.  Bright  MS  DVM  Dorothy  Schmidt  BS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1998,39(5):459-469

Radionuclide ventriculography has been used in humans to evaluate valvular incompetency. The stroke volume ratio, derived from the radionuclide ventriculogram, is used to quantify the severity of mitral regurgitation (MR). Previous studies conducted in humans have shown that left to right stroke volume ratio increases as the severity of MR increases. In this study, we evaluated radionuclide ventriculography as a noninvasive method to detect MR in dogs with surgically created mitral insufficiency. Six male and three female adult, conditioned mongrel dogs were used. Scintigraphic studies were performed prior to and 4 weeks after surgically created MR. Because of the overlap of the left and right ventricles when viewed from a left lateral position, we combined data from a first-pass radionuclide angiocardiogram with the radionuclide ventriculogram to obtain a corrected stroke volume ratio. Blood flow transit parameters were also derived from the first-pass radionuclide angiocardiogram. Standard left ventricular functional indices were also measured from the radionuclide ventriculogram. On the left lateral view of the heart, 25 to 30% of the right ventricular volume overlaps the left ventricle. After correcting for the overlap, the stroke volume ratio of normal dogs was 1.17±0.178 (mean±SD), which increased to 2.06±0.41 (mean±SD) (p<.001) 4 weeks after creation of MR. The was no significant change in left ventricular ejection fraction or peak rate of ejection following MR. The transit times of blood through the left ventricle were measured from the first-pass radionuclide angiocardiogram and were expressed as half-time clearance, peak clearance rate, and time to peak clearance rate. The baseline half-time clearance was 2.07±0.71 s (mean±SD), which increased to 6.70±4.89 s (mean±SD) (p=.02) after creation of MR. The baseline peak clearance rate was 49.75±8.96 cts/s (mean±SD), which decreased to 23.12±6.84 cts/s (mean±SD) (p<.001) after creation of MR. Stroke volume ratios significantly increased following creation of MR. Blood flow transit through the left ventricle slowed following creation of MR. The variability of these parameters were small in the baseline studies, suggesting these techniques may be clinically useful to gauge the severity of MR in dogs.  相似文献   

A Simple Apparatus for Frequent Measurement of Gastrointestinal Intraluminal PCO₂     

Piper L. Wall DVM  PhD  †  Akella Chendrasekhar MD  †Gregory A. Timberlake MD  † 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》1998,8(2):109-115

The accuracy and precision of an end-tidal infrared CO₂ monitor and customized capnography tubing system designed to measure gastrointestinal intraluminal CO₂ partial pressure (P_iCO₂) were tested in vitro. Samples were taken from the customized capnography tubing placed in either 5% or 10% CO₂ gas at discrete intervals ranging from one minute to twelve minutes. For a given time interval, the tubing PCO₂ measurement was a constant fraction of the actual PCO₂ (all standard errors < 0.02). For increasing time intervals, the ratio of the tubing PCO₂ to actual PCO₂ increased logarithmically. In the 5% and 10% CO₂, the regression coefficients were 0.89 and 0.85 for 8 French tubing and 0.99 and 0.91 for 6 French tubing. Beacuase of its accuracy and precision, this system may provide automated gastrointestinal CO₂ partial pressure monitoring at short intervals (e.g. 5 minutes), facilitating testing of the role of gastrointestinal P_iCO₂ information in treatment algorithms. (Vet Emerg & Crit Care, 1998; 8: 109–116)  相似文献   

Heavy metals in fluids and tissues of fetal calves and in young calves of nursing cows exposed or not exposed to anaerobically digested wastewater sludge     

P R Fitzgerald  J Peterson  C Lue-Hing 《American journal of veterinary research》1985,46(1):165-168

Fetal fluid, diaphragm muscle, heart, kidney, and liver from 14 four- to five-month-old calf fetuses were analyzed for Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Fe. The same tissues and bone were examined from postparturient calves 30, 60, and 120 days of age. Weaned calves (8 to 9 months old) were necropsied and diaphragm muscle, heart, kidney, liver, brain, and bone were analyzed. Additional calves from cows exposed or not exposed to anaerobically digested sludge were placed in a feed yard at weaning for a feeding period of 150 days and then were killed and necropsied. Heavy metal content of the aforementioned tissues was compared with the same tissues obtained from peer calves weaned, killed, and necropsied 150 days earlier. Zinc, Cu, and Fe were up to 11 times higher in fetal livers than in control or exposed postparturient calves. These concentrations declined after birth and stabilized at approximately the concentrations observed in adult cattle at about 12 to 14 months of age. Cadmium accumulated to a greater extent in kidneys and livers of exposed calves than in control calves. However, the accumulation did not produce a detectable effect upon the functional or morphologic characteristics of the organs examined. Other metals were present at low levels and were generally not remarkably different in control and exposed animals.  相似文献   

Hypoglycemia associated with nonislet cell tumor in 13 dogs     

C E Leifer  M E Peterson  R E Matus  A K Patnaik 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1985,186(1):53-55

Hypoglycemia associated with nonislet cell tumor was found in 13 dogs. In each dog, clinical signs were related directly to adrenergic and neuroglucopenic effects of hypoglycemia and included collapsing episodes, tremors, restlessness, weakness, and grand mal seizures that were responsive to glucose administration. Eight of the dogs had hepatocellular carcinoma; surgical resection of the tumor achieved remission of clinical signs in 3 of these dogs. Other hepatic tumors associated with hypoglycemia included leiomyosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma involving solitary lobes of the liver. Nonhepatic tumors included splenic hemangiosarcoma, diffuse metastatic melanoma, and salivary gland adenocarcinoma.  相似文献   

Heterosis retained in advanced generations of crosses among Angus and Hereford cattle     

R M Koch  G E Dickerson  L V Cundiff  K E Gregory 《Journal of animal science》1985,60(5):1117-1132

Data from 1,909 purebred, F1, backcross and F2 and F3 inter se combinations of Angus and Hereford were used to estimate average individual, maternal and grandmaternal genetic effects, individual and maternal heterosis, dominance and epistatic genetic effects. Models for evaluating heterosis and epistatic or recombination effects were discussed. Average individual effects indicate that Angus, compared with Hereford, had calves that were born earlier, had lighter birth weights, lower pre- and postweaning gains and lower pregnancy rates. Angus also produced lighter weight carcasses with more fat cover and marbling. Maternal effects of Angus were in the direction of reduced birth weight, greater calving ease, higher preweaning but lower postweaning growth rate and increased fatness when contrasted with Hereford. There was a tendency for opposite direction of maternal and grandmaternal effects for traits influenced by preweaning maternal environment. When additive X additive effects were ignored, total heterosis was significant for earlier day born, heavier birth weight, preweaning and postweaning gain, and heavier and fatter carcasses. Heterosis retained in F3 inter se vs F1 generation crosses indicated that net epistatic effects were relatively negligible for date of calving, birth weight, weaning gain and fat cover. There was a greater reduction of heterosis effects than expected from dominance alone for survival, pregnancy and marbling score. Loss of heterosis in F3 was less than expected for postweaning gain, carcass weight and rib eye area. Except for survival, pregnancy and marbling, these deviations from dominance expectations, or lack of them, are favorable for F3 composite populations.  相似文献