Prevalence and risk factors for agents causing diarrhea (Coronavirus,Rotavirus, Cryptosporidium spp., Eimeria spp., and nematodes helminthes) according to age in dairy calves from Brazil     

Cruvinel  Leonardo Bueno  Ayres  Henderson  Zapa  Dina María Beltrán  Nicaretta  João Eduardo  Couto  Luiz Fellipe Monteiro  Heller  Luciana Maffini  Bastos  Thiago Souza Azeredo  Cruz  Breno Cayeiro  Soares  Vando Edésio  Teixeira  Weslen Fabricio  de Oliveira  Juliana Silva  Fritzen  Juliana Tomazi  Alfieri  Amauri Alcindo  Freire  Roberta Lemos  Lopes  Welber Daniel Zanetti 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(2):777-791

The present study attempted to verify the prevalence of and risk factors for diarrhea-causing agents in dairy calves from Brazil. Additionally, ages with a higher risk of occurrence for each agent were verified by means of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The collections were performed on 39 farms, belonging to 29 municipalities located in eight states of Brazil. It was possible to conclude that the prevalence of Coronavirus, Rotavirus, Cryptosporidium spp., Eimeria spp., and nematodes was 7.20% (95% CI 4.54–9.78), 6.37% (95% CI 3.85–8.89), 51.52% (95% CI 45.26–55.57), 3.46% (95% CI 2.24–4.67), and 3.46% (95% CI 2.24–4.67), respectively. Ages with higher probabilities of occurrence of these diseases in calves were <?10, >?8, >?6, >?37, and >?36 days, respectively. Diarrhea occurred more significantly (P?<?0.0001) in animals less than 21 days old and mainly on those receiving milk through automatic feeders (P?<?0.001). Cryptosporidium spp. were a risk factor for the occurrence of Rotavirus, and vice versa (P?=?0.0039) and presented a positive correlation with Coronavirus (P?=?0.0089). Calves that drink water from rivers, streams, and ponds had a higher chance of being infected by Eimeria spp. (P?<?0.0001), as well as developing infection by nematodes (P?<?0.0001). The results found in this study highlight the importance of studying the agents of diarrhea together, once they act as coinfection where the losses triggered for the owners will involve some of these agents simultaneously.

  相似文献   

Improving genomic prediction accuracy for meat tenderness in Nellore cattle using artificial neural networks     

Fernando Brito Lopes  Cláudio U. Magnabosco  Tiago L. Passafaro  Ludmilla C. Brunes  Marcos F. O. Costa  Eduardo C. Eifert  Marcelo G. Narciso  Guilherme J. M. Rosa  Raysildo B. Lobo  Fernando Baldi 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(5):438-448

The goal of this study was to compare the predictive performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs) with Bayesian ridge regression, Bayesian Lasso, Bayes A, Bayes B and Bayes Cπ in estimating genomic breeding values for meat tenderness in Nellore cattle. The animals were genotyped with the Illumina Bovine HD Bead Chip (HD, 777K from 90 samples) and the GeneSeek Genomic Profiler (GGP Indicus HD, 77K from 485 samples). The quality control for the genotypes was applied on each Chip and comprised removal of SNPs located on non-autosomal chromosomes, with minor allele frequency <5%, deviation from HWE (p < 10^–6), and with linkage disequilibrium >0.8. The FImpute program was used for genotype imputation. Pedigree-based analyses indicated that meat tenderness is moderately heritable (0.35), indicating that it can be improved by direct selection. Prediction accuracies were very similar across the Bayesian regression models, ranging from 0.20 (Bayes A) to 0.22 (Bayes B) and 0.14 (Bayes Cπ) to 0.19 (Bayes A) for the additive and dominance effects, respectively. ANN achieved the highest accuracy (0.33) of genomic prediction of genetic merit. Even though deep neural networks are recognized to deliver more accurate predictions, in our study ANN with one single hidden layer, 105 neurons and rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function was sufficient to increase the prediction of genetic merit for meat tenderness. These results indicate that an ANN with relatively simple architecture can provide superior genomic predictions for meat tenderness in Nellore cattle.  相似文献   

Anti-Mullerian hormone and its relationship to ovulation response and fertility in timed AI Bos indicus heifers     

Emiliana O. S. Batista  Lais M. Vieira  Bruno G. Freitas  Bruna M. Guerreiro  J. G. S. Carvalho  Rodolfo D. Mingoti  Guilherme Vasconcellos  Alexandre H. Souza  Jose Bento Sterman Ferraz  Pietro Sampaio Baruselli 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(6):753-758

This study evaluated the association between plasma anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) concentration and fertility in Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers submitted to timed artificial insemination (TAI). At the onset of the synchronization protocol, heifers (n = 289) received a subcutaneous P4 ear implant (3 mg) and 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate. Eight days later, the P4 implant was removed and 0.5 mg of oestradiol cypionate, prostaglandin (0.265 mg, i.m.) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (300 UI, i.m.) was administered, and TAI was performed 48 hr after ear implant removal. Ovarian ultrasound evaluations were performed to measure number of ovarian follicles, dominant follicle size and ovulation response. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasound 30 days after AI. Heifers with greater circulating AMH had more antral follicles, a smaller dominant follicle near timed ovulation and lower ovulation response to the timed AI protocol compared to heifers with lower circulating AMH. Although AMH and pregnancy outcome had a quadratic-shaped pattern, AMH was not significantly associated with fertility. In conclusion, heifers with lower AMH had larger follicles towards the end of the synchronization protocol and greater ovulation responses, whereas greater circulating AMH was unrelated to conception success.  相似文献   

Cytokine and transcription factor profiles in the skin of dogs naturally infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi presenting distinct cutaneous parasite density and clinical status     

Menezes-Souza D  Corrêa-Oliveira R  Guerra-Sá R  Giunchetti RC  Teixeira-Carvalho A  Martins-Filho OA  Oliveira GC  Reis AB 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,177(1-2):39-49

  相似文献   

Intraocular pressure determination in clinically normal red-footed tortoise (Geochelone carbonaria).     

André L Selmi  Guilherme M Mendes  Concepta McManus  Patrícia Arrais 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2002,33(1):58-61

Intraocular pressure (IOP) reflects a balance between aqueous humor production and outflow and is often an essential ophthalmic diagnostic procedure in animals. The objective of this study was to estimate IOP in clinically normal red-footed tortoises (Geochelone carbonaria) of various sizes by using applanation tonometry. Intraocular pressures were estimated for 25 captive red-footed tortoises (10 males, 10 females, and 5 animals of unknown sex) by using an applanation tonometer after topical anesthesia. Body length ranged from 5.1 to 54.9 cm, measured from nuchal to anal scutes. Five measurements from each eye were obtained by a single observer in an ambient temperature of approximately 30 degrees C. Observer's reliability was good (intraclass r = 0.75), and IOP did not change over the ordered sequence of five replicate measurements. For individual tortoises the correlation for IOP between the left and right eyes was low (r = 0.20). The paired t-test did not show any statistical effect (P = 0.426) for the difference in IOP between the left and right eyes. Mean IOP determined for 10 confirmed males and 10 confirmed females did not differ between sexes (P = 0.244). The mean IOP of five small tortoises (< 10 cm long) was not significantly different (P = 0.244) from that of 20 large tortoises (> 10 cm long). In red-footed tortoises there does not appear to be any relation between carapace length and IOP.  相似文献   

Ureteral spindle cell sarcoma in a dog     

Guilherme S  Polton G  Bray J  Blunden A  Corzo N 《The Journal of small animal practice》2007,48(12):702-704

A five-year-old, female spayed Labrador retriever was presented for further investigation of an intra-abdominal mass. Abdominal exploration showed a large mass arising from the right ureter and a ureteronephrectomy was performed. Histopathology of the ureteral mass was consistent with a spindle cell sarcoma. The patient recovered well, but five months later was diagnosed with another tumour, this time in her left abdominal wall. The owners decided not to pursue further treatment and euthanasia was performed a month later.  相似文献   

Microscopic Evidence of the Opportunistic Reproductive Strategy and Early Sexual Maturation of the Small‐Sized Characin Knodus moenkhausii (Characidae,Pisces)          下载免费PDF全文

M. Ceneviva‐Bastos  S. R. Taboga  L. Casatti 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2015,44(1):72-80

We investigated the reproductive biology of Knodus moenkhausii, an abundant small‐sized characin fish with broad occurrence in the Paraná River basin, Brazil. Specimens were collected monthly to determine fecundity, length at first maturity, reproductive period and spawning type. Gonads were macroscopically classified according to their form, size and texture in three different stages (immature, maturing or mature). Histological procedures were conducted to confirm gonadal developmental stages, and it was possible to notice that maturing females actually presented atretic oocytes, and all males that were macroscopically classified as immature, maturing and mature actually presented abundant spermatozoa in their gonads. Because of these discrepancies, a reclassification of gonadal maturations stages was needed after histological analysis, reinforcing its importance to studies on the reproduction of small characins. Reproduction occurred throughout the year though with two peaks. The length of the smallest mature individuals was 13 mm SL for males and 24 mm SL for females. Despite presenting relatively small batch fecundity, some life history traits such as early reproduction, multiple spawning throughout the year, in association with known opportunistic feeding habits, explain the high abundance of this species in locations where it occurs.  相似文献   

Evaluation of antiradical capacity by H2O2-hemin-induced luminol chemiluminescence     

Bastos EL  Romoff P  Eckert CR  Baader WJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(25):7481-7488

This paper describes a screening method for antioxidant potential determination based on luminol/hemin/hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence. The emission depletion, caused by an antiradical compound added during the chemiluminescence decay, is proportional to the number of reactive species trapped. Therefore, the difference between the areas of the emission decay curves, obtained in the absence and in the presence of the potential antioxidant, is a measure for the antiradical capacity of the sample. The technique has been applied to measure the antiradical capacity of pure compounds and complex mixtures from natural origin, providing reliable results that indicate the method's feasibility.  相似文献   

An Evaluation of Microbial Health Risks to Livestock Fed with Wastewater‐Irrigated Forage Crops     

P. D. Bevilacqua  R. K. X. Bastos  D. D. Mara 《Zoonoses and public health》2014,61(4):242-249

This paper presents the results of five experiments in which animal health risks associated with the consumption of crops irrigated with domestic wastewater were evaluated. Forage maize and Tanner grass were irrigated with treated wastewater and used in goats and calves feeding trials. The irrigated crops presented high levels of surface contamination with E. coli (10⁴–10⁷ 25 g^?1) and salmonellae (up to 1.6 × 10⁴ 25 g^?1), but none of the animals showed signs of infection or of disease. Further, the microbiological quality of animal products always complied with the Brazilian and European Union standards for food safety. It is suggested that the WHO guideline values for restricted irrigation (≤10⁴ E. coli 100 ml^?1 and ≤1 helminth egg l^?1), which were developed to protect the health of agricultural field workers, would be equally protective of the health of both animals fed with wastewater‐irrigated crops and humans consuming products from such animals.  相似文献   

Beef production from cull dairy cows: a review from culling to consumption     

Ligia C Moreira  Guilherme J M Rosa  Daniel M Schaefer 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(7)

Although more than 3 million head of dairy cows enter the food supply chain in the U.S. every year, research on this topic remains limited and scarce. Meat production from dairy cows is a significant component of beef production, accounting for almost 10% of U.S. commercial beef production. Thus, the purpose of this review is to demonstrate the importance of dairy cows as a beef source, and to provide an overview on topics from farm to meat product—culling, marketing, transportation, welfare, body composition and its relationship with lactation particularities, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and traceability. Current scientific evidence has shown that culling a dairy cow at an appropriate time has beneficial effects on cow welfare and, consequently, cow value. During marketing the dairy cow is visually evaluated for health and factors associated with its expected carcass value; thus, marketing a well-conditioned cow will ensure that the animal is fit for transportation and provides high carcass yield. However, limitations such as low body condition score, lameness or mobility problems, and visual defects remain persistent. Even though beef harvest plants accommodate cows in all body composition states, the current carcass grade system does not reflect the mature cow industry needs. Therefore, improvement of the grading system could maximize carcass utilization and increase cow carcass value by recognizing subprimal cuts that could be merchandised as whole muscle cuts. Lastly, implementation of a traceability system would unify information from the farm to harvest assisting the industry in making further advancements.  相似文献