Silage and total mixed ration hygienic quality on commercial farms: implications for animal production          下载免费PDF全文

T. Cogan  R. Hawkey  E. Higgie  M. R. F. Lee  E. Mee  D. Parfitt  J. Raj  S. Roderick  N. Walker  P. Ward  J. M. Wilkinson 《Grass and Forage Science》2017,72(4):601-613

Implications of silage hygienic quality for animal production were investigated on forty‐five dairy farms in South West England. Samples of grass and maize silages and of total mixed rations (TMR) were obtained together with information on silage technology, herd size and animal production. Samples were analysed for mycotoxins, bacteria, yeasts, moulds and chemical composition. Thirteen mycotoxins were assayed, but none were detected in the samples of grass silage. However, mycotoxins were found in 0·9 of all maize and other silage samples, with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone predominating. There was no relationship between total mycotoxin concentration and mean lactation milk yield per cow. Enterobacteria counts tended to be higher in maize silage than in grass silage and higher still in TMR – a cause for concern. There were no relationships between mould counts and mycotoxin concentrations in silages, implying that mycotoxins may have been produced in the field pre‐ensiling.  相似文献   

玉米新品种吉圣玉908选育     

李杨  张思涛  孙启江 《耕作与栽培》2020,(3):53-54,57

吉圣玉908是四川省三台县大圣玉米研究所选育的玉米杂交种,适宜在西南山区中海拔地区种植,具有广适、优质、综合抗性好的特点。2015—2016年在四川省区试平均产量为9 245.63kg/hm~2,比对照增产11.45%,2年分别比对照正红311增产11.2%和11.7%;生产试验平均产量9 323.4kg/hm~2,较对照增产10.3%。2018年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为川审玉2018009号。  相似文献   

A genetic linkage map in southern‐by‐spring oat identifies multiple quantitative trait loci for adaptation and rust resistance     

Frdrick G. Sunstrum  Wubishet A. Bekele  Charlene P. Wight  Weikai Yan  Yuanhong Chen  Nicholas A. Tinker 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(1):82-94

We developed 178 recombinant inbred lines from a southern‐by‐spring oat population designated as “TxH.” These lines were genotyped to generate a high‐quality linkage map that resolved 6,902 markers into 21 linkage groups that matched closely with the latest hexaploid oat consensus map. Three major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting heading date were found in locations that are consistent with known QTLs and candidate genes, and two other QTLs affecting heading date were found in novel locations. Five QTLs affecting plant height were found. Both sets of QTLs are responsible for transgressive segregation observed for these two traits. Four QTLs affecting resistance to crown rust, caused by the pathogen Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, were identified. Two of these QTLs are consistent with known clusters of rust resistance genes, while two may represent new locations of novel rust resistance genes. A complete set of SNP sequences suitable for generating markers for molecular selection is provided.  相似文献   

Construction and evaluation of introgression lines and fine mapping of ehd8 from Jinghong common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon)     

Dayun Sun  Wenxiang Wang  Xiaoyun Xin  Liming Cao  Xuejun Sun  Zejun Hu  Ling Jiang  Shiqing Dong  Yahui Liu  Jinshui Yang  Xiaojin Luo 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(2):163-173

Heading date is one of the most important traits in rice and regulated by multiple genes. Common wild rice is the ancestor of Asian cultivated rice and harbours abundant genetic diversity. To use wild rice resource in rice breeding, a set of 154 introgression lines (ILs) covering 93% of the genome of Jinghong common wild rice was constructed in the background 'Teqing', using 208 simple sequence repeat markers evenly distributed on 12 chromosomes. Among the ILs, the line JIL64 displayed late heading independent of photoperiod. Genetic analysis using the two F₂ populations crossed ''Teqing'/JIL64 and JIL64/'Teqing' revealed that late flowering was controlled by a recessive gene on chromosome 8 (designated early heading date 8, ehd8), and ehd8 was fine mapped to the 50‐kb region flanked by markers RM22221 and 64Indel4. Sequencing and qRT‐PCR demonstrated that LOC_Os08g01410 and LOC_Os08g01420 were deleted in JIL64 and may be associated with the late heading of Jinghong common wild rice. These findings lay a practical foundation for characterizing ehd8, and the ILs help to mine genes from Jinghong common wild rice.  相似文献   

优化预处理及脱毒工艺以制备玉米芯半纤维素水解液     

王家旺  杨晓峰  刘国明  葛菁萍 《中国农学通报》2020,36(20):28-35

为了降低玉米芯半纤维素水解液中的乙酸、糠醛和酚类等有毒物质含量,使可利用糖类含量增加。本研究以玉米芯为原料制备水解液,对预处理及脱毒工艺进行优化,并利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测优化效果。结果表明,10~20目的玉米芯在10%氨水浸泡24 h后,可将乙酸和酚类物质的脱除率,分别提高至93.4%和32.3%,而糠醛的含量也大大降低。经过真空浓缩、CaO脱毒以及2%活性炭吸附后,使有毒物质含量再次降低,此时的水解液可完全用于菌株的发酵试验,达到了去除的目的。本文所得到的最佳水解液处理步骤,其结果符合菌株发酵用标准,说明水解液处理方式的不同,直接影响着水解液的制备。这为研究和利用木质纤维素等可再生资源提供了思路,也为发酵生产奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   

利用荧光观测明确载球孢白僵菌松毛虫赤眼蜂对亚洲玉米螟的防控增效作用          下载免费PDF全文

杨芷  路杨  张庆贺  毛刚  徐文静  赵宇  隋丽  崔璐璐  张正坤  李启云 《中国生物防治学报》2020,36(1):58-64

载球孢白僵菌松毛虫赤眼蜂能够显著提高对亚洲玉米螟的防控效果，为了明确其对亚洲玉米螟卵期及幼虫期可持续防控的作用机理，采用松毛虫赤眼蜂吸附绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）标记的球孢白僵菌分生孢子，进行赤眼蜂载菌情况，以及亚洲玉米螟卵和幼虫的寄生、侵染过程观察。结果表明，赤眼蜂羽化后能够吸附柞蚕卵表面粘附的白僵菌分生孢子，并将其携带至亚洲玉米螟卵块表面，并吸附于未被赤眼蜂寄生的亚洲玉米螟卵孵化的幼虫体表，实现侵染并致死，幼虫带菌率达60.00%，网室内杀虫生物测定僵虫率达27.00%。本研究表明，载菌赤眼蜂在提高杀虫效率的同时实现害虫可持续防控，该方法为其他载菌天敌的应用提供了依据。  相似文献   

Arduino物联网系统在连栋大棚中的选型与设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张海峰  郑妍妍  张宇  李杨  苏戈  冯一新 《北方园艺》2018,(5):184-187

针对物联网技术在设施蔬菜种植研发及应用成本过高的现状,提出了一种应用于连栋蔬菜大棚的物联网系统选型及构建方案,该方案以Arduino单片机(WeMos D1)为核心,选用性价比高的传感器和开源免费的软件系统,以较低的经济成本和技术难度实现连栋大棚的空气温湿度、二氧化碳浓度、土壤含水量、光照强度的实时监测以及设施控制,为农业信息技术开发人员提供了一种新的技术解决方案。  相似文献   

Molecular Mechanism of Induction on Apoptosis of Human Esopha- geal Cancer HCE-4 Cells by Active Components from Astragalus membranaceus     

Chang LIU  Chenghao JIN  Hao WANG  Jiaru WANG  Jinqian LI  Wanting XU  Xianji PIAO  Yang LIU  Yi ZHANG  Yinghua LUO  Yiqin WU 《Medicinal Plant》2018,(1):63-66

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Evaluating the Effects of Dietary Prebiotic Mixture of Mannan Oligosaccharide and Poly‐β‐Hydroxybutyrate on the Growth Performance,Immunity, and Survival of Rainbow Trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792), Fingerlings          下载免费PDF全文

Ebrahim H. Najdegerami  Amir Tokmachi  Farideh Bakhshi 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2017,48(3):415-425

This study investigated the effects of dietary poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and disease resistance of rainbow trout fingerlings. A total of 420 fingerlings, distributed equally into four different groups, each with three replicates, were fed a basal diet (control), 2% PHB (PHB), 0.2% MOS (MOS), or a diet supplemented with a mixture of 2% PHB and 0.2% MOS (PHB+MOS) for 60 d. Results showed that dietary PHB and/or MOS did not cause significant improvement in the growth performance of the fingerlings. The gut pH was markedly reduced; however, the activities of the digestive enzymes (except for pepsin and amylase by dietary PHB) were not significantly improved by the dietary supplements. Results also showed that dietary PHB and/or MOS markedly increased the resistance of the fingerlings toward Yersinia ruckeri infection, while the lowest total antibody was observed in fish fed control and MOS, indicating that MOS exerts its protective effects by modulating other mechanisms. Overall, this study provided a first screening effort to determine the effects of PHB and/or MOS as dietary supplements in rainbow trout fingerlings to develop an optimal prebiotic mix for improving the growth and health status of rainbow trout.  相似文献   

Paternal genomotype affects female growth in a hybrid fish complex          下载免费PDF全文

Sara Carona  Maria J. Collares‐Pereira  M. Filomena Magalhães 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(4):719-721

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