斯氏线虫对进境原木上长林小蠹的防治试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡学难  吴佳教  梁帆  梁广勤  叶伟峰  沈文涛 《植物检疫》2004,18(5):269-272

本文报道了斯氏线虫对进境原木上长林小蠹的生物防治试验.结果表明,斯氏线虫对长林小蠹的侵染力较强.通过毒力测定,斯氏线虫对长林小蠹3龄幼虫的LD50、LD99分别为21、432(条/头),而对蛹的LD50、LD99分别为12、230(条/头).在寄生强度测定中,斯氏线虫与长林小蠹3龄幼虫仅接触0.5h,每虫就可被侵入1.6条线虫,12h寄生的死亡率达到90%,24h寄生的死亡率为100%.斯氏线虫对长林小蠹表现出较高的致病性和寄生性.斯氏线虫在室内以浸泡法和淋施法防治长林小蠹的效果较好.  相似文献   

检测砂梨潜隐病毒的IC-RT-PCR和TC-RT-PCR的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邓晓云  洪霓  胡红菊  王国平 《果树学报》2004,21(6):569-572

以砂梨为试材,在生物学和血清学检测的基础上,采用免疫捕作RT-PCR穴IC-RT-PCR雪和试管捕作RT-PCR穴TC-RT-PCR雪技术,对苹果褪绿叶斑病毒(Applechloroticleafspotvirus,ACLSV)和苹果茎沟病毒(Applestemgroovingvirus,ASGV)进行了检测分析。结果表明,TC/IC-RT-PCR均能有效检测梨粗提液中的ACLSV和ASGV,分别获得了大小约358bp和499bp的目标扩增片段;但IC-RT-PCR检测ACLSV的效果受到病毒分离株间血清学关系影响。与传统的RT-PCR相比,IC/TC-RT-PCR不仅灵敏度更高,而且不需提取总RNA,可以简化操作程序和减少苯酚、氯仿类有机试剂对人体的伤害和对环境的污染,适合于大量梨样品的病毒快速灵敏检测。  相似文献   

Functional heterogeneity in resources within landscapes and herbivore population dynamics     

Norman Owen-Smith 《Landscape Ecology》2004,19(7):761-771

Large mammalian herbivores are notorious for their propensity towards population irruptions and crashes, yet many herbivore populations remain relatively stable. I explore how resource heterogeneity within landscapes dampens population instability, using a metaphysiological modelling approach considering patch state distributions. Resource heterogeneity is functionally stabilizing through spreading consumption away from preferred resources before these become critically depleted. Lower-quality resources act as a buffer against starvation during critical periods of the seasonal cycle. Enriching resource quality is destabilizing, even if patch diversity is maintained, because food quantity then becomes the limitation. The potential consequences of landscape fragmentation are explored using the Serengeti ecosystem, characterised by broadscale resource gradients, as a hypothetical example. Further insights provided by the model are illustrated with specific examples concerning the effects of patch scales and waterpoint distribution. A metaphysiological modelling approach enables the basic consequences of landscape heterogeneity to be distinguished from further effects that may arise from specific patch scales and configurations, without the distracting detail of spatially explicit models.  相似文献   

15%苯乙锡·井可湿性粉剂防治稻曲病和稻瘟病试验与研究     

尤庆伟  胡美娟  胡俊  陈为民  沈剑 《农药科学与管理》2004,25(4):20-22

近几年来,稻曲病和稻瘟病有流行加剧趋势,长期使用稻瘟灵、三环唑等常规药剂防治药效有所下降。江苏金凤凰农化有限公司研制的15%苯乙锡·井可湿性粉剂(瘟曲必克)经试验能有效地控制穗期稻曲病和稻瘟病的危害。  相似文献   

99%矿物油乳油(绿颖)防治茶橙瘿螨药效试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

宁伟文  潘晓皖  胡敏 《农药科学与管理》2004,25(6):21-23

1地连续2年的药效试验表明，99％矿物油乳油施药后3d对茶橙瘿螨效果较明显，50、150倍液防效均超过80％，250倍液防效为73．6％，施药后7、14、21d，2种较高剂量的99％矿物油乳油防效均超过80％．最高达97％以上。在推荐施用浓度范围内，药效高，持效性好．对茶树和天敌生物无不良影响。  相似文献   

检疫害虫稻水象甲的控制技术研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

黄澍  胡美英官珊 《昆虫天敌》2004,26(2):86-91

稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus。oryzophilus Kuschel)是一种毁灭性的水稻害虫，也是一种重要的检疫害虫。近年来在很多省市发生为害，且发生程度不断加重并呈扩大蔓延趋势。本文概述了近年来稻水象甲大发生危害的情况及原因，深入分析了其发生规律，提出了加强植物检疫、农业防治、化学防治、生物防治、物理防治等综合治理的措施。  相似文献   

毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂毒性与安全评价研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

吴声敢  王强  赵学平  吴长兴  陈丽萍  徐浩  章虎 《农药科学与管理》2004,25(1):14-16,21

通过接触法和摄入法测定了毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的毒性。结果表明，毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的接触毒性(24h LD50)分别为0．1634μg／蜂和0．0501μg／蜂，胃毒毒性(24h LE50)分别为0．6406mg／L和7．8261mg／L。根据Atkins毒性等级划分标准，毒死蜱和甲氰菊酯对蜜蜂的毒性均为高毒，应禁止在蜜蜂活动区域使用。  相似文献   

Validation of the specificity and sensitivity of species-specific primers that provide a reliable molecular diagnostic for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xiphinema diversicaudatum</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">X. index</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">X. vuittenezi</Emphasis>     

Judith Hübschen  Lilo Kling  Ulrike Ipach  Volker Zinkernagel  Nathalie Bosselut  Daniel Esmenjaud  Derek J.F. Brown  Roy Neilson 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(8):779-788

Xiphinema diversicaudatum and X. index are vector nematode species of economic importance in viticulture regions as they can transmit Arabis Mosaic, Grapevine Fanleaf and Strawberry Latent Ringspot viruses to grapevine. Wang et al. (2003) designed species-specific diagnostic primers from ribosomal genes for both these vector species as well as a vector and a non-vector species X. italiae and X. vuittenezi, respectively. Our study aimed to confirm the specificity and determine the sensitivity and reliability of the primers for the two vector species, X. diversicaudatumand X. indexwhen challenged with closely related longidorid species and general nematode communities typical of vineyard soil. With one exception, no PCR product was observed when the primers were tested against six Longidorus, one Paralongidorus and one Xiphinema non-target species. Occasionally (three out of eight replicate PCR reactions) a weak PCR product was noted when primers for X. index were tested with L. elongatus. Furthermore, when challenged with a range of non-target nematode species comprising the nematode community typical of viticulture soil, no PCR product was amplified. An experimental dilution series of extracted DNA rigorously demonstrated that DNA from an equivalent single specimen of the target virus-vector species, X. diversicaudatum and/or X. index, could be detected amongst 1000 equivalent non-targetX. vuittenezi. Also, extracted DNA from an equivalent single target specimen was detected when added to DNA extracted from the overall soil nematode community. The primers were assessed further by using serial mixtures of actual nematodes rather than extracted DNA to simulate field soil. Using this method, a single target nematode could be detected amongst 200 non-target specimens. Given their specificity, sensitivity and reliability, it appears that these diagnostic primers will be of great benefit to phytosanitary/quarantine services related to the viticulture industry.  相似文献   

两种不同类型的牛床对奶牛产科疾病影响的研究     

何德肆  胡述光  欧阳叙向  张明  黎辉 《中国草食动物》2004,24(5):34-35

研究比较了木板地面和混凝土地面的牛床对奶牛产科疾病的不同影响。结果显示：新建的两种牛床奶牛产科疾病的发病率.混凝土地面低于木地板，差异不显著.经过1年时间后.木地板地面牛床的发病率明显高于混凝土地面牛床，差异显著(P＜0.05)，发病率分别为38.24％、25.00%，患病淘汰头数明显增多。其中.胎衣不下、产后感染、乳房炎发病情况特别明显。两种地面差异极显著(P＜0.01)；每年高温季节.木地板高于混凝土地板.差异显著(P＜0.05)。对比结果证实.减少奶牛产科疾病.混凝土地面要优于木板地面。  相似文献   

香精油抗蜂螨作用的研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡福良朱威  李英华 《养蜂科技》2004,(5):21-23,25

香精油及其组分具有显著的抗螨效果。萜类化合物(主要是单萜)是香精油的主要成分。占总量的90％左右。研究者通过筛选试验测定了多种香精油及其一些组分的抗螨能力。大部分表现出良好的抗螨效果。但只有少部分在蜂群试验中表现出强抗螨能力。因此，有必要对此作进一步的研究。以达到最优化目标。同时联合其它防治手段，建立一套全面的害虫防治策略，实现蜂螨的最终控制。  相似文献