Resorptive tooth root lesions in the Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus)     

Da Silva MA  Kortegaard HE  Choong SS  Arnbjerg J  Bertelsen MF 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(1):40-43

Facial abscessation and osteomyelitis due to dental disease is commonly seen in the Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), but little is known about the prevalence or etiology of these lesions. To determine the prevalence of dental ailments, 56 skulls and mandibles of deceased Malayan tapirs were visually and radiographically evaluated. Dental lesions were scored according to severity, and individuals were classified according to their age (juvenile/ young adult/adult) and origin (captive/free ranging). All of the lesions identified were of a resorptive nature. seemingly originating at the cementoenamel junction and burrowing towards the center of the tooth. Overall, 27% of the investigated skulls presented radiolucent dental lesions. The prevalence among captive animals was 52% (13/25), while only 6% (2/31) of the free-ranging tapirs had dental lesions. The second, third, and fourth premolars and first molar were the teeth most commonly affected, and the mandibular teeth were more often involved than the maxillary dentition. This study demonstrates a high prevalence of resorptive dental lesions in captive Malayan tapirs and provides a strong indication that age and captivity are significant risk factors in the development of these lesions. Dental disease, Malayan tapir, radiology, resorptive lesions, Tapirus indicus.  相似文献   

Elucidation of membrane destabilization in post-mortem muscles using an extracellular paramagnetic agent (Gd-DTPA): an NMR study     

Bertram HC  Stagsted J  Young JF  Andersen HJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(20):6320-6325

The effect of Gd-DTPA on the development in NMR relaxation of skeletal rabbit muscles post-mortem was investigated by dynamic low-field (0.47 T) relaxation measurements from 4 min post-mortem and until 23 h post-mortem. Twelve rabbits were included in the study, and half of the animals were administered 0.2 mmol of Gd-DTPA iv 15 min before sacrifice, while the other half was administered an isotonic salt solution. A significant effect of Gd-DTPA treatment corresponding to a 25% reduction in the T(1) relaxation time was observed. T(2) relaxation was decomposed into two components reflecting intra- and extracellular components (T(2)()alpha and T(2)()beta, respectively), and Gd-DTPA treatment was found to affect both components. However, around 150 min post-mortem a dramatic increase in the difference between control and Gd-DTPA-treated rabbits was observed in the relaxation time of the intracellular water population (T(2)()alpha). Electrical stimulation of the muscles resulted in a significantly earlier onset of the increased effect of Gd-DTPA on the T(2)()alpha population. The increased effect of Gd-DTPA treatment on the T(2)()alpha component is believed to reflect leakage of water from the muscle cells due to membrane destabilization, known to be promoted by electrical stimulation. Accordingly, the present study demonstrates how Gd-DTPA can be used for probing membrane integrity in post-mortem muscles known to be of importance for subsequent water distribution and final water-holding capacity.  相似文献   

Process optimization using response surface design and pilot plant production of dietary diacylglycerols by lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis     

Kristensen JB  Xu X  Mu H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(18):7059-7066

Two approaches to shift the acylglycerol equilibrium were tested as follows: addition of monoacylglycerols and lowering of the temperature. None of these approaches were able to shift the equilibrium toward higher diacylglycerol (DAG) contents. The glycerolysis reaction was optimized with five factors using response surface methodology. Evaluation of the resulting model enabled the determination of optimal reaction conditions for glycerolysis aiming at high DAG yield. However, verification of the model showed that the model was unable to take the molecular equilibrium into account but it provided good insight in how process settings can be chosen to, for example, minimize production costs. Optimal conditions were found to be the following: no extra water, low content of glycerol (molar ratio of 2), temperature of 60-65 degrees C, 4-5 h reaction time, and only 5 wt % lipases. Up scaling of the glycerolysis process was performed and revealed that scale-up to a 20 kg production in a pilot plant batch reactor was possible with a similar DAG yield (60 wt %) as in lab scale. Purification of DAG oil using batch deodorization and short path distillation yielded 93 wt % pure DAG oil.  相似文献   

Mitral valve prolapse in 3-year-old healthy Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. An echocardiographic study.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

H D Pedersen  B O Kristensen  K A Lorentzen  J Koch  A L Jensen    A Flagstad 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1995,59(4):294-298

Clinical studies have shown that Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) have a high prevalence of mitral valvular insufficiency (MVI). Echocardiography has the potential to disclose early valvular changes, and the present prospective study was designed to investigate the occurrence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in young CKCS without heart murmurs, and to correlate the degree of MVP with the clinical status of the dogs by including CKCS with MVI as well. The study was based on blinded evaluations of echocardiographic recordings of mitral valves from 34 CKCS and 30 control dogs. Thirteen (87%) of 15 three-year-old CKCS without heart murmurs had MVP (2 total and 11 partial), as compared with 1 (7%) of 15 three-year-old normal Beagle dogs (P < 0.0001), and none of 15 three-year-old normal Medium Size Poodles (P < 0.0001). Of 19 CKCS with MVI, MVP was found in 84% of the entire group and in 100% of dogs with pulmonary congestion or edema. The occurrence of total MVP tended to be higher in the group with MVI (47%, 9/19), when compared with the younger CKCS without heart murmurs (13%, 2/15, P = 0.06). MVP was positively associated with excessive heart rate variability (P = 0.003). The radius of curvature of the anterior mitral valve leaflet in systole was significantly reduced in dogs with MVP when compared with those without (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, this study shows that CKCS at an early age have a high occurrence of MVP. This suggests: 1) A genetic predisposition of CKCS to MVP; and 2) That MVP is a pathogenetic factor in the development of mitral valvular insufficiency. Follow up studies may add further support to these proposals, and clarify whether echocardiography may be an aid in selecting CKCS for future breeding.  相似文献   

Cytology in veterinary practice. A review of clinical cytology--body fluids, lymph nodes and skin neoplasms     

A Kristensen  B F Feldman 《Nordisk veterinaermedicin》1986,38(6):321-332

A review over the most applicable areas of veterinary clinical cytology is given. The areas described are body fluids, lymph nodes and selected skin neoplasms. The review includes tables that survey general and specific cytologic criteria and is supplemented by photomicrographs. A classification of effusions according to cytologic criteria is discussed and there is a short discussion of 62 cases which also included histopathology.  相似文献   

Mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes in pigs with hereditary vitamin C deficiency     

B Kristensen  P D Thomsen  B Palludan  I Wegger 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1986,27(4):486-496

Recently an inherited vitamin G deficiency in the pigs presumably based on an autosomal recessive gene was decribed* Homozygotes are in contrast to heterozygotes and normal pigs unable to synthesize ascorbic acid. In an experiment comprising 3 littermate pigs, 2 homozygous and 1 heterozygous for the vitamin C deficiency gene, the influence of ascorbic acid depletion, and repletion on mitogen stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied. Ascorbic acid depletion of the vitamin C dependent pigs resulted in a rapid decline in plasma ascorbic acid. Response of lymphocytes to stimular tion with Concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin M (PHA) decreased more slowly reaching a minimum, which coincidedi with the occurrence of the first clinical symptoms of scurvy. Following resupplementation with vitamin C the plasma content of ascorbic acid rapidly returned to normal, while the lymphocyte response to Con A and PHA stimulation only gradually approached the initial values. The repletion with ascorbic acid caused a transitory increase in the response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation. The significance of these findings in relation to the cellular immune system in normal pigs is discussed.  相似文献   

Analysis of the in vitro activation and proliferation process in lymphocytes deriving from canine thymus and mesenteric lymphnode     

F. Kristensen  B. Kristensen  M. Vandevelde  R.J. Higgins  A.L. De Weck 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1981,2(6):579-590

Lymphocytes from dog thymus and mesenteric lymphnodes have been stimulated in vitro with 3 different mitogens. Culture medium was enriched with either autologous plasma, fetal calf serum or a newly described defined serum substitute. In such cultures the number of surviving and activated cells was quantified by cytofluorometry and the proliferation was assessed by thymidine incorporation. Results obtained with the 3 media were very similar. A significant number of lymphocytes died during the first 42 hours of incubation. There was a tendency toward more surviving cells with fetal calf serum and the serum substitute, whereas more activated (G₁) cells and higher thymidine incorporation could be observed with autologous plasma. Furthermore, when results obtained with various mitogen concentrations and from individual dogs were analyzed, a high correlation between “highly activated (G_1b) cells and thymidine incorporation was found, i.e. r=0.84 for thymocytes and 0.68 for lymphnode cells. The correlation between all G₁ (G_1a+b) cells and thymidine incorporation was lower or absent (r=0.02 and 0.55, respectively). It is concluded from these results that the population of G_1b cells have received all required signals necessary for proliferation whereas the total G₁ cell population also include activated cells, which are not obligatorily undergoing subsequent proliferation  相似文献   

Canine lymphocyte cultures in vitro: Evaluation of peripheral blood lymphocyte response to mitogens     

B. Kristensen  F. Kristensen  M. Vandevelde  R.J. Higgins  A.L. de Weck 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1982,3(4):439-448

Lymphocytes from dog peripheral blood have been stimulated in vitro with 3 different mitogens (Con A, PHA and PWM). Culture medium was RPMI 1640 enriched with either autologous plasma, fetal calf serum or a newly described defined serum substitute. In such cultures the number of surviving and activated cells was measured by cytofluorometry and the proliferation was assessed by thymidine incorporation. In unstimulated cultures, up to 70% of all cells had disappeared (died) during the first 42 hours of incubation, whereas the number of viable cells was reduced to 50–60% in mitogen stimulated cultures. Of the surviving lymphocytes, between 25–40% of the cells appeared to have an elevated RNA-content (activated or G₁ cells). By comparison between thymidine incorporation and number of mitogen induced G₁ cells, a very high correlation was found (r=0.92). However, the slope of the regression line was much lower than expected. The low thymidine incorporation per activated cell was primarily related to the high cell death and a resulting dilution of tritiated thymidine. Indeed, preliminary results suggested that the same thymidine incorporation per G_1b cells could be obtained if peripheral blood lymphocytes were washed immediately before pulsing as could be obtained with lymphnode cells without washing.  相似文献   

Experimental airborne transmission of PRRS virus     

Kristensen CS  Bøtner A  Takai H  Nielsen JP  Jorsal SE 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,99(3-4):197-202

A series of three experiments, differing primarily in airflow volume, were performed to evaluate the likelihood of airborne transmission of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) from infected to non-infected pigs. Pigs were housed in two units (unit A and unit B) located 1m apart and connected by pipes. The air pressure and diameter of the pipes, depending on experiments, were strictly controlled to allow desired airflow volumes from unit A to unit B. Either 25 (experiment 1 and experiment 3) or 26 (experiment 2) pigs infected recently with PRRSV, and either 25 (experiment 1 and experiment 3) or 17 (experiment 2) pigs from a PRRSV-free herd, were housed in unit A. Either 50 pigs (experiment 1 and experiment 3) or 43 pigs (experiment 2) from a PRRSV-free herd were housed in unit B. The amount of air transmitted from unit A to unit B, expressed as a percentage of ventilation intake, was approximately 70, 10, and 1% for experiment 1, experiment 2 and experiment 3, respectively. Blood samples were collected from all pigs once per week and analyzed for antibodies against PRRSV. Based on these methods, airborne transmission of PRRSV from infected to non-infected pigs was confirmed in each of the three experiments.  相似文献   

Leg health and performance of broiler chickens reared in different light environments     

Kristensen HH  Perry GC  Prescott NB  Ladewig J  Ersbøll AK  Wathes CM 《British poultry science》2006,47(3):257-263

1. The effects of light source and intensity on leg health and performance of female ROSS 308 broiler chickens were investigated in a 2 x 2 experimental design (8 groups of 275 chicks) of two light sources (Osram biolux and Osram warm-white) and two light intensities (5 and 100 clux, adjusted to fowl-perceived illuminance). 2. At 41 d of age, body weight, gait-score, footpad dermatitis and hock-burn were measured on 50 birds from each light environment. In addition, weekly feed intake and body weight were determined on a group basis and mortality was recorded continuously. 3. The light environment did not affect the severity of the gait-score or hock-burns. The risk of moderate to severe lameness and hock-burns increased with body weight. Birds weighing more than 2400 g had an increased probability of moderate footpad lesions in biolux light. 4. Weight and gait-score, as well as gait-score and hock-burn were positively correlated. Podo-dermatitis was weakly correlated with hock-burn, which contradicts earlier findings. The light environment did not affect feed intake, body weight or mortality. 5. The light sources and intensities employed in this study did not adversely affect production or leg health of broiler chickens reared semi-commercially.  相似文献